DEPARTMENT OF ECE SATHYABAMA

Expt. No:
Date ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR USING IC 741

AIM:
To design a circuit to generate a Square Waveform of desired frequency using IC 741 in Astable Multivibrator mode.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Sl.No. Description Range / Number/ Value Qty

1 Integrated Regulated Power Supply (ICPS) ±15 V 1

2 Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) 20 / 40MHz, Dual Trace 1

3 Operational Amplifier (OP-AMP) IC 741 1

4 Resistor As per Design 5

5 Capacitor 0.1µF 3

6 Regulated Power Supply (0-30) V 1

8
Resistor 470 , 6.8 K , Each one
10K 2

9 Capacitor 470pF, 1Nf, 0.1µF Each one

10 Bread board & Connecting wires

THEORY:
Square wave outputs are generated when the Op-Amp is forced to operated in the saturated region i.e. the
output of the Op-Amp is forced to swing between positive saturation +V sat and negative saturation V sat
resulting in a square wave output. This square wave generator is called a free running or Astable
Multivibrator.The output of the Op-Amp in this circuit will be in the +ve and ve saturation depending on whether
the differential voltage V id is +ve or ve respectively.In this circuit the Op-Amp runs from one quasi stable state
to another on its own the output is a square wave whose frequency is determined by the RC combination. A

Vsat or Vsat the output is also feedback to the input terminal after integrating by
means of low pass RC combination. Whenever input at the ve terminal just exceeds V ref, switching takes
place resulting in a square wave output.

Feedback rate
Total time period -
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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DESIGN CALCULATION:

Given f = 1 KHz

So, T = 1/f = 1ms

And β = R1 / (R1+R2)

Let R1 = 10KΩ, and R2 =10KΩ

Then β =?

Therefore T= 2.2RC =1ms

Let C = 0.1µF

Then R = ?

ROCEDURE:

1. Construct the circuit as per Circuit diagram shown in figure.

2. Switch ON the RPS and CRO.
3. Observe the Square Waveform at output pin of the IC and Ramp waveform across the capacitor.
4. Verify the observed frequency with theoretical our calculated frequency
5. Note the readings and draw the waveforms in Graph Sheet.

TABULATION:

Sl.No. Description R in ohms C in µF Theoretical Practical

Frequency (HZ) Frequency

1 IC 741 1KHz

RESULT:

Thus the Square Wave Generator using IC 741 was constructed and waveform is traced.