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Ethnography descriptive study of a particular human society or the process of making such a
study. Contemporary ethnography is based almost entirely on field work and requires the
anthropologist to fully immerse himself in the culture and daily life of the people who are the
subject of his study. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans in past and present societies.
There has been some confusion regarding the terms
ethnography and ethnology. The latter, a term more widely used in Europe, encompasses the
analytical and comparative study of cultures in general, which in American use is the academic
field known as cultural anthropology (in British use, social anthropology). Increasingly,
however, the distinction between the two is seen as more existing in theory than in reality.
Ethnography, by virtue of its intersubjective nature, is necessarily comparative. Since the
anthropologist in the field necessarily retains certain cultural biases, his observations and
descriptions must, to some extent, be comparative. Thus, the formulation of generalizations
about culture and the drawing of comparisons inevitably become components of ethnography.