ANYS Introduction ANYS Introduction: Politecnico Di Torino

DIPARTIMENTO DI MECCANICA
POLITECNICO DI TORINO
ANYS Introduction
Corso di
Progettazione di prodotto e processo con metodi numerici
Prof. Aurelio Somà

ELEMENTI FINITI : Getting Started with ANSYS
The main structure of commercial FINITE ELEMENT CODES can be divided in:
Preprocessor
Solution
Postprocessor
Getting Started with ANSYS
2 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

De Pasquale di prodotto e processo
Progettazione assistita di sistemi biomeccanici
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Getting Started with ANSYS : Preprocessor
Building the Model:
Defining Element Types

Defining Element Real Constants
Defining Material Properties
Creating the Model Geometry
Applying Loads

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Getting Started with ANSYS: Solution
Defining the Analysis Type and Analysis Options
It is possible to choose the analysis type based on the loading conditions

and the response you wish to calculate. For example, if natural
frequencies and mode shapes are to be calculated, you would choose a
modal analysis.
Not all analysis types are valid for all disciplines. Modal analysis, for
example, is not valid for a thermal model. The analysis guide manuals in
the ANSYS documentation set describe the analysis types available for
each discipline and the procedures to do those analyses.
To define the analysis type and analysis options, use the ANTYPE command

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Getting Started with ANSYS: Solution
Analysis type (defaults to the previously specified analysis type, or to STATIC if

none specified):
STATIC or 0 — Perform a static analysis. Valid for all degrees of freedom

BUCKLE or 1 — Perform a buckling analysis. Implies that a previous static
solution was performed with prestress effects calculated [PSTRES,ON]. Valid
for structural degrees of freedom only.
MODAL or 2 — Perform a modal analysis. Valid for structural and fluid
degrees of freedom.
HARMIC or 3 — Perform a harmonic analysis. Valid for structural, fluid,
magnetic, and electrical degrees of freedom.
TRANS or 4 — Perform a transient analysis. Valid for all degrees of freedom.
SUBSTR or 7 — Perform a substructure analysis. Valid for all degrees of
freedom.

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Getting Started with ANSYS: PostProcessor
Reviewing the Results

After the solution has been calculated, you can use the ANSYS postprocessors to
review the results. Two postprocessors are available: POST1 and POST26.
Use POST1, the general postprocessor, to review results at one substep

(time step) over the entire model or selected portion of the model. The
command to enter POST1 is /POST1 (Main Menu> General Postproc), valid
only at the Begin level. You can obtain contour displays, deformed shapes,
and tabular listings to review and interpret the results of the analysis. POST1
offers many other capabilities, including error estimation, load case
combinations, calculations among results data, and path
Use POST26, the time history postprocessor, to review results at specific

points in the model over all time steps.

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Getting Started with ANSYS : Building the Model
Defining Element Types I

The ANSYS element library contains more than 150 different element types.
Each element type has a unique number and a prefix that identifies the
element category: BEAM4, PLANE77, SOLID96, etc.
The following main element categories for structural applications are

available:
Defining Element Types
BEAM / PIPE
PLANE
SHELL
SOLID
CONTACT
MATRIX

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Defining Element Types II
The element type determines:
the degree-of-freedom set (which in turn implies the discipline -

structural, thermal, magnetic, electric, quadrilateral, brick, etc.)
whether the element lies in 2-D or 3-D space.

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Defining Element Types III
The definition of the Element Type must be in PREP7, the general preprocessor, to
define element types.
Use the ET family of commands (ET) or their GUI path equivalents
Define the element type by name and give the element a type reference number.
For example, the commands shown below define two element types, BEAM4 and
SHELL63, and assign them type reference numbers 1 and 2 respectively.
ET,1,BEAM4
ET,2,SHELL63
This table of type reference number versus element name is called the element type
table. While defining the actual elements, you point to the appropriate type
reference number using the TYPE command

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Defining Element Real Constants I
Element real constants are properties that depend on the element type,
such as cross-sectional properties of a beam element.
For example, real constants for BEAM3, the 2-D beam element, are area
(AREA), moment of inertia (IZZ), height (HEIGHT), shear deflection
constant (SHEARZ), initial strain (ISTRN), and added mass per unit
length (ADDMAS).
Not all element types require real constants, and different elements of the
same type may have different real constant values.

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Defining Element Real Constants II
Specify real constants using the R family of commands (R, RMODIF, etc.)
or their equivalent menu paths.
As with element types, each set of real constants has a reference
number, and the table of reference number versus real constant set is
called the real constant table.
While defining the elements, you point to the appropriate real constant
reference number using the REAL command.

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Defining Material Properties I
Most element types require material properties. Depending on the

application, material properties can be linear (see Linear Material
Properties) or nonlinear (see Nonlinear Material Properties).
As with element types and real constants, each set of material properties
has a material reference number.
The table of material reference numbers versus material property sets is

called the material table. Within one analysis, you may have multiple
material property sets (to correspond with multiple materials used in
the model). ANSYS identifies each set with a unique reference
number.

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Defining Material Properties II
Linear material properties can be constant or temperature-dependent,

and isotropic or orthotropic. To define constant material properties
(either isotropic or orthotropic), use one of the following:
For example:
MP,EX,1,2E11 ! Young's modulus for material ref. no. 1 is 2E11
MP,DENS,1,7800 ! Density for material ref. no. 1 is 7800
While defining the elements, you point to the appropriate material

reference number using the MAT command.

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The model topology generate a finite element model - nodes and

elements - that adequately describes the model geometry.
There are two methods to create the finite element model: solid
modeling and direct generation.
With solid modeling, you describe the geometric shape of your model,
then instruct the ANSYS program to automatically mesh the geometry
with nodes and elements. It is possible to control the size and shape
in the elements that the program creates.
With direct generation, you "manually" define the location of each node
and the connectivity of each element.

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Figures below shows some sample finite element models:

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Applying Loads
The word loads as used in ANSYS documentation includes boundary
conditions (constraints, supports, or boundary field specifications) as well
as other externally and internally applied loads. Loads in the ANSYS
program are divided into six categories:
DOF Constraints
Forces
Surface Loads
Body Loads
Inertia Loads
Coupled-field Loads

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Getting Started with ANSYS : Example for a simple beam structure model
with concentrated load

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Getting Started with ANSYS : Example input file for a simple beam structure
/prep7
! Element Type definition
et,1,beam3
! Real Constants definition
r,1,100,10**4/12,10
! Material Properties definition
mp,ex,1,210000
! Model geometry : nodes
n,1
n,2,3800
n,3,400,800
! Model geometry : elements
type,1
real,1
mat,1
e,1,2
e,2,3
! Loads and constraints
f,2,fy,1000
d,1,all
d,2,all
/solu
solve
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Getting Started with ANSYS : Example input file for a plate structure

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/prep7
! Element Type definition
et,1,plane42
! Real Constants definition
r,1,2
! Material Properties definition
mp,ex,1,210000
mp,nuxy,1,.3
! Model geometry : keypoints
k,1,0
k,2,100
k,3,100,20
k,4,0,20
A,1,2,3,4
! Element size control
ESIZE,10
! Mesh command generates both nodes and elements
AMESH,ALL
! Loads and constraints (F and D commands)

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DIPARTIMENTO DI MECCANICA

Progettazione di prodotto e processo con metodi numerici

Prof. Aurelio Somà

Getting Started with ANSYS

2 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS : Preprocessor

Building the Model:

Defining Element Types

3 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS: Solution

Defining the Analysis Type and Analysis Options

It is possible to choose the analysis type based on the loading conditions

4 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS: Solution

Analysis type (defaults to the previously specified analysis type, or to STATIC if

STATIC or 0 — Perform a static analysis. Valid for all degrees of freedom

5 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS: PostProcessor

Reviewing the Results

Use POST1, the general postprocessor, to review results at one substep

Use POST26, the time history postprocessor, to review results at specific

6 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS : Building the Model

Defining Element Types I

The following main element categories for structural applications are

7 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS : Building the Model

Defining Element Types II

The element type determines:

the degree-of-freedom set (which in turn implies the discipline -

whether the element lies in 2-D or 3-D space.

8 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS : Building the Model

Defining Element Types III

Use the ET family of commands (ET) or their GUI path equivalents

9 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS : Building the Model

Defining Element Real Constants I

10 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS : Building the Model

Defining Element Real Constants II

11 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS : Building the Model

Defining Material Properties I

Most element types require material properties. Depending on the

The table of material reference numbers versus material property sets is

12 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS : Building the Model

Defining Material Properties II

Linear material properties can be constant or temperature-dependent,

While defining the elements, you point to the appropriate material

13 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS : Building the Model

Creating the Model Geometry

The model topology generate a finite element model - nodes and

14 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS : Building the Model

Creating the Model Geometry

15 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

Getting Started with ANSYS : Building the Model

16 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

17 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione

19 Prof. Aurelio Somà - Ing. G.Progettazione