ASSIGNMENT #2

ICE MAY 2018

1. Cylinder conditions at the inlet of an SI engine operating at WOT on an air-standard Otto

cycle are 35°C and 105 kPa. The exhausted pressure and temperature were measured to be
110kPa and 1000°C respectively. The engine has a compression ratio of 11:1 and uses
gasoline with AF = 15.1. Combustion efficiency is 98% and f = 0.05.
Taking into consideration of the exhaust residual, calculate:
(a) Temperature at all states in the cycle. [0C]
(b) Pressure at all states in the cycle. [kPa]
(c) Specific work done during power stroke. [kJ/kg]
(d) Heat added during combustion. [kJ/kg]
(e) Net specific work done. [kJ/kg]
(f) Indicated thermal efficiency. [%]
2. A carbureted engine operates on pressure limited cycle. The maximum pressure is limited to
80% of the maximum pressure of constant volume combustion. The inlet conditions are 30°C
and 100 kPa, and the exhaust pressure was measured to be 110 kPa. The exhaust temperature
found to be 1920oC. The fuel used is gasoline with an equivalence ratio of ∅= 0.85 and the
combustion efficiency is 𝜂 = 0.95. Compression ratio is rc = 10.5. The residual fraction is
estimated to be about 3.5%.
Calculate:
(a) Temperature at each state of the cycle. [0C]
(b) Pressure at each state of the cycle. [kPa]
(d) Indicated thermal efficiency. [%]
(e) Heat lost in exhaust. [kJ/kg]
3. A four-cylinder, 2.5 L spark-ignition and direct fuel-injection engine works on pressure
limited cycle. The maximum pressure is limited to 10,000 kPa. The inlet conditions are at
intake are 30oC and 100 kPa, and the exhaust pressure was measured to be 110 kPa. The
exhaust temperature was found to be about 1700oC. The fuel is gasoline (C8H18) with
equivalence ratio of 0.9 and the combustion efficiency of 98%. The compression ratio is 11
and the exhaust residual is approximately 0.03. Compute:
a) The conditions at state 1
b) The equivalence ratio from state 1 to state 2
c) The mass of fuel being injected from state 2 to state 3
d) The maximum pressure and temperature at state x
e) The maximum pressure and temperature at state 3
f) The pressure and temperature at state 4
g) 𝑤 , 𝑤 and 𝑤
h) The efficiency
4. A carbureted engine having an Otto cycle has the following specifications:

Compression Ratio, r = 8.6

Air-Fuel Ratio, A = 15
Combustion efficiency = 1
o
Intake Temperature, Ti = 25 C
Intake Pressure, Pi = 100 kPa
o
Exhaust Temperature, Te = 910 C
Exhaust Pressure, Pe = 100 kPa
Residual Fraction, f = 0.04
Specific heat, gamma = 1.35
Specific volume, Cv = 0.821 kg/kJ.K
Heat of combustion, q = 44300 kJ/kg

The value of the residual fraction, f specified above has only been guessed because there is
no instrument to measure it. Perform iterations to compute the actual value of residual
fraction until the approximated error is less than 1%; and compute all the pressures and
temperatures for every state.