CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Hotel is a building that provides lodging, meal and other services to the traveling
public, provided they are in a position to pay and is in a fit condition to be
received. Hence, the hotel provides foods, beverages and lodging to travelers and
other paying guest.

The hotel industry is perhaps, one of the oldest commercial endeavors in the world.
The first inns have existed since ancient time (e.g. along the Roman road system
during the Roman Empire) to serve merchants and other travelers. Medieval
European monasteries operated inns to guarantee haven for travelers in dangerous
regions. The spread of traveling by stage coach in the 18th century stimulated the
development of inns, as did the industrial revolution. The modern hotel was largely
the result of railroads, when traveling for pleasure became widely popular, large
hotels were often built near railroads stations.

The real growth of the modern hotel industry took place in the United State of
America in 1794. The real boom in hotel building came in the early twentieth
century. This period also saw the beginning of chain operations under the guidance
of E.M. (European Monasteries), who started by involving in investments, big
profits and trained professional to manage the business. The management of the
hotel system was virtually left in the hand of the front offices. The office in a hotel
is the department responsible for sales of hotel rooms, through systematic method
of reservation followed by registration and assurance of the rooms to the
customers, this was done manually. This was boring and cumbersome, and has
remained boring and cumbersome in hotels that still operate manually today.

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The development in hotel management continued gradually until recently when
computer was invented as an electronic device that accepts input, manipulate data
and produces information which is the output as required. Therefore a hotel which
operates a computerized system will ensure that the program carries provisions for
different tariffs, location and individual guest reference.

1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Sales and services are the fundamental tools in any business organization the profit
and loss of any business depends on detailed information on sales and services
made to aid in decision making and implementation, if accountability is not
checked, then the business is sure to collapse, as a result in an any retail and
hospitality business there is a need for a system that gives feedback to the
management to aid decision making, this is where computerized hotel
management system comes handy. We have too many problems associated with
the manual system used which include:

 It takes more time to reserve room. So performance of the current system is

slow.
 Difficulty in handling data accurately, security of data, data lost and viewing
by unauthorized person.
 Retrieving information like reports and queries is very time consuming and
almost impossible practicably if time is considered.
 Searching records of individual guest or customer takes time. (Update,
Delete, and Edit), these types of method are not accessible using the manual
method.

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1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This project focuses mainly in computerization of hotel management consequent

upon numerous problem faced by manual handling of hotel information. The
objective of this study is thus to design and develop an online hotel management
system that will:

• To provide an easy way to automate information about the day to day

activities of hotel such as record of attendance, computing of bill, tariff plan,
as well as online facility for checking availability of rooms, ordering of food
and also booking of the room and event hall.

• Facilitate increase in productivity, decrease paperwork, and ability to

analyze trouble spot.

• To maintain security and secrecy of the hotel details.

• To provide accurate data when it is required.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study is primarily aimed at increasing efficiency in operation, reducing time

and running cost, monitoring and the recording of the activities and total
administration in hotel by introducing a web-based Hotel management system

Besides, this study is significance because its conclusions would be useful to:

1. Human Resources Managers in the hotel and restaurants business

2. The Federal, State and Local Government

3
3. Scholars in the field of hotel and restaurant management

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Hotel Management System operates a global online hotel reservation system for
business and leisure travelers. To compete with the international e-marketplace, a
great deal of attention should pay towards the optimization of user requirements to
generate recommended hotel alternatives [1].

In general sense, hotel management is the way of maintaining different activities of

a hotel where a number of staffs are engaged to perform a number of these
activities. At first let us take a glance to an ordinary hotel. For hiring a room in this
type of hotel, the client needs to meet with the receptionist to collect the
information of hotel facilities, after that he is to fill up the pro forma provided by
the hotel authority, then he has to pay the defined amount of money and is offered
room key for his/her rented room. He/she then finishes the formalities of a
reception zone through these undergoing customs [2].

But client always wants greater privacy and reliable security. So the author [3][4]
developed an intelligent e-marketplace for the tourism based on fuzzy to serve the
customers who wants to travel but has no idea about the accommodation. This
system is global in the sense that anyone can use this to find the appropriate hotel
according to his/her affordable means [5]. The details of the hotel management
systems including the franchising, casinos, health Spas, payroll, credit, accounting
control etc. are well described in [6]

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2.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

The major technologies used in this project are web technologies (CSS, PHP,
JAVASCRIPT, APACHE and HTML) and relational database technology
(MySQL). The site developed is a collection of web documents, i.e., files written
in HTML.

The web documents are presented (or rendered to be visible) to the user by an
application program known as a browser (e.g., Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera,
Chrome). Each of our HTML documents is a sequence of elements such as
<h1></h1>, <img src=”image location”/>, <p></p>, <a href=”index.html”>
</a>. An element consists of a start tag, content and closing tag. The following is
an example of an HTML element in our web document to present the homepage of
the site:

<h1> <a href=”index.php”> Hotel Management System</a> </h1>

<h1> is start tag. </h1> is the corresponding end tag.

<a href=’’> is start tag. </a> is the corresponding end tag. “Hotel management
System” is the content of the anchor element which is inside the header element.

The major HTML features that will be used are form, tables, and cascading style
sheet. We use a form to collect registration data- username, email, password,
country, state, phone number – from a user. A form is a collection of data fields for
collecting inputs, e.g., username from a user and a submit button to send the
collected data to a Web to document to act on the data. The form element has an
ACTION attribute which supplies the address, better known as universal resource
locator (URL), of this action document.

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The following is a fragment of an HTML form we used. It contains three data field
and the action document specified is newroom.php

<form action="newroom.php" method="post” >

<table width="450" height="188" >

<tr align="center">

<td >Room No. :</td>

<td><input name="roomno" type="text" id="roomno" /></td>

</tr>

<tr align="center">

<td>Room Type :</td>

<td>

<select name="type" id="select" onBlur="checktype()" size="1">

<option value="Deluxe Standard">Deluxe Standard</option>

<option value="Superior Deluxe">Superior Deluxe</option>

<option value="Executive Twin">Executive Twin</option>

<option value="Executive Suite">Executive Suite</option>

<option value="default" selected="selected">--select--</option>

</select> </td> </tr>

<tr align="center"> <td height="52" >Option(AC/Non AC):</td>

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<td><span class="style1">

<select name="option" id="option" onBlur="checkroomoption()" size="1">

<option value="Ac">AC</option>

<option value="Non ac">Non AC </option>

<option value="default" selected="selected">--select--</option>

</select>

</span></td> </tr>

<tr align="center">

<td ><input name="Reset" type="reset" id="button" style="font-size:18px; font-

family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif" value="Reset" /></td>

<td><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" value="Submit"

style="font-size:18px; font-family:Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif" />
</td></tr>

</table>

</form>

The HTML code above when rendered by the browser appears on the screen as
follows:

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Data received by the PHP document, newroom.php, from the form is loaded by
newroom.php code into corresponding fields in a record that is then stored in our
relational database. MySQL database management system will be used to create
and access the database.

The presentation of information to the user by the browser is controlled in the site
by means of a cascading style sheet. CSS (cascading style sheet) is a collection in
file named. e.g., style.css of styling (look and formatting) rules or rule-sets. A CSS
rule consists of a selector and a declaration block.

The selector specifies the HTML element you want to style. The declaration block
contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons. Each declarations
includes a property name a value, separated by a colon. A CSS declaration always
ends with a semicolon, declaration groups are surrounded by curly brackets.

PHP and MySQL instructions are used in our code to open the database, establish a
connection between it and our HTML code to insert data, retrieve data.

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The PHP/MySQL code below establish a connection with our database db_hotel:

<? php

if (! mysql_connect("localhost","root","2435"))

die ('oops connection problem! --> '.mysql_error ());

if (! mysql_select_db("db_hotel"))

die ('oops database selection problem ! --> '.mysql_error ());

?>

2.3 REVIEW OF RELATED WORK

Managing hotel service is very complex, hence it involves job of dealing with
customers directly, purchases made by customers and room reservation. The
manual hotel management is subdivided into section with each section having
specific tasks. These tasks will however from time to time interact operationally to
achieve organizational objectives. The mode of interaction consists of all
characteristics of a typical manual system i.e. communication through verbal
means, documents etc. This now leads to computerization of hotel management
[7].

9
2.3.1 THE BROAD ENVIRONMENT FOR HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS

Opportunities are discovered when organizations begin to analyze the broad

environment. Hoteliers and restaurateurs need to be cognizant of these factors and
how they can drive change in the industry. Societal trends and technological trends
should be critical points of interest for industry executives. From a societal
perspective, organizations need to look at influences such as current hot topics,
emerging attitudes, demographic shifts and new fads [8].

An example of societal trends that are impacting the hospitality industry

would include the explosion of social networking. The trend has spanned across
several demographic barriers ranging from Baby Boomers to the Millennials.
There has additionally been an enormous effect on the hotel and restaurant
industry. Bloggers have launched sites commenting about experiences that they
have had and have made recommendations regarding the hotel or restaurant. Savvy
industry executives understand the impact of these societal trends and focus efforts
on establishing methodologies that can incorporate appropriate strategies to
take advantage of these trends[9].

Technological advances focus on the innovation of products, procedures, or

services and how these developments can affect the hospitality industry [10]. For
example, online reservations have grown exponentially over the years [11].

The ability for industry executives to recognize the implications of this

technological advance and develop strategies to take advantage of it is a
critical component of strategy development. One of the premier online
reservation Journal of Applied Business and Economics vol. 12(1) 2011

10
portals, OpenTable.com, boasted that in 2006 dining seats filled in restaurants
through the use of their online reservation system exceeded one million[12].

This was a 65% increase from the previous year. Industry leaders, not
acknowledging this technological advance and implementing it in some
capacity would find their companies lagging in providing the appropriate customer
service that their clientele would demand. Delay in the implementation of
technological advances of this magnitude detracts from developing sustainability
and competitive advantage [10][11][13].

2.3.2 TECHNOLOGY’S IMPACT IN THE RESTAURANT AND HOTEL

INDUSTRY

A study conducted by[14]investigated how information (through data warehouses)

was being utilized by restaurants/hotels, through the investigation of 12 of the
largest hotel firms in the industry. In this study, only 7 of the 12 hotels were
involved with data manipulation and 2 of the 7 had successfully developed and
implemented their own data warehouses. Even though some of the hotels did not
have data houses in place they were planning on the future development of
this technology.

Most of the hotels in the study were, using information for support of
strategic market analysis including, targeting new customers , fine tuning
loyalty programs, sales analysis and conducting trend analysis. The study
concluded that the hotels ability to collect, process, and access large amounts
of data can help companies build a competitive advantage [14].

A study conducted by [15] examined 62 companies who had successfully

developed and implemented data warehouses. The financial impact shown was
remarkable, return results; ROI equaling 401% and payback periods of
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approximately 2.31 years. One of the limitations discovered in [15] study was the
expense involved with the development of this type of technology.

The author in [16] had stated that the development of this type of data warehouse
could cost in excess of 3 million dollars. The shear cost of development of this
type technology will simply eliminate many smaller companies from
participating in using this technology. A possible solution to the smaller
firms could be purchasing information from a third party vendor on a decision-
by-decision basis[15][16].

Hotel executives understand the importance and power of information,

especially in troubled financial Journal of Applied Business and Economics
vol. 12(1) 2011 75times. The development and use of information systems
can additionally aid in hotels ability to develop concepts for new development,
target better locations, identify potential franchisees, locate new labor markets,
track employee performance, and, most importantly, track customer
satisfaction[11][14].

[17] have identified six essential factors that can help build successful marketing
strategies through the use of data mining, a statistical technique that builds
models from vast data bases. They include, (a) creating direct mail campaigns,
(b) planning seasonal promotions, (c) planning the timing and placement of
ad campaigns, (d) create personal advertisements, (e) define growing and
emerging markets, (f) help in room reservations (wholesale and business
customers). The factors are recommended to be used in conjunction with other
statistical modelling tools and help build competitive advantage.

According to [18] companies that effectively use technology will have the
biggest effect on the customer satisfaction. The authors discussed three hotels

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which were awarded “best practices” for their technological innovations. These
programs were specifically designed to improve service. These hotels were, The
Balsams Grand Resort Hotel, Fairmont Copley Plaza, and the Ritz-Carlton
Chicago.

At the Balsams Grand Resort Hotel in New Hampshire, technology was used to
help develop a guest history log. The Balsams Grand used the guest history logs to
capture customized information on the guests that had already made reservations at
the hotel. The program was one of the first attempts to use an expert
system model to gauge the needs and wants of the guests. Information was
generated in regards to hotel inquiries, rooms, room types and numbers, special
requests, times of year visited, any special requests, service personnel
requested, etc.[18].

All of this information was stored into an individual’s personal file. The
expert system then can anticipate almost any guest request. The success of this
program has generated approximately 85% repeat business for the hotel.
Additionally, new business has been generated from previous guest
recommendations [18]. Boston’s Fairmont Copley Plaza’s property management
system was adopted and incorporated to expedite the concierge service at the hotel.
Property management system enabled to get guest information such as
newspaper preference, wake up time, overnight laundry service, restaurants with
distance and directions from hotel as well as many other options. The result
was an overwhelming, 90% satisfaction rate of the concierge service at this hotel,
with an increased revisiting rate [18]. At the Ritz Carlton in Chicago, customer
demand of technical help with computers in the rooms was on the rise. With
most guests making inquiries to the concierge office, both guests and employees
were getting frustrated due to lack of technical knowledge. In response Ritz

13
management created a new position, pulling from the hotel management
information systems department, called the concierge.

With services being offered Monday through Friday, guests were able to
obtain any technical support they need in conducting business requiring
computers or computer technology. Customer service has improved overall, as
well as the moral of the staff at the Ritz Carlton[18]. In addition to improving
customer service and satisfaction several hotels were given “Best Practices
Awards” for information technology by implementing systems that helped in the
increased efficiency of hotel operations. The Barbizon Hotel and Empire Hotel
New York co-developed a computer database and hotel logbooks, phone calls
for maintenance and record keeping of operations.

Hotel personnel from any house phone or PC throughout the hotel can
access the expert system. The expert system automatically assigns tasks to the
responsible employee or manager, and can even page them to make them aware of
the task. In 15 minutes the system will re-page to remind, and if the task has not
shown to be completed the system will automatically notify the appropriate
manager. The system also facilitates management in $750,000 in 3 years through
increased productivity, decreased paperwork, and ability to analyze trouble
spots.

Directly linked to the hotels improvement in they have shared a 30% increase in
repeat business[18]. It is evident through the preceding literature that leveraging
this type of Information can lead organizations toward better decision making and
building and sustaining competitive hotel[19].

14
 CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 METHODOLOGY

A research methodology is a systematic programming approach of well-defined

procedure that should be followed in carrying out a thorough research project. An
adequate suitable methodology would ensure a very detailed research work and
ensure that a higher degree of accuracy and efficiency is adopted.

The research methodology used helps to ensure that a thorough study of the present
system is effectively carried out, thus helping the project research team to
completely understand the modus operandi of the present existing system so as to
know the new system should be structured and the functionalities needed in it to
address the seemingly, existing problems discovered.

This helps to know if there should be a total overhauling of the existing system or
if only improvements should be made. Hence, after duly considering the above
reasons, the structured Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) is adopted.
Due to this fact, there is importance of carrying out a thorough, adequate and
completely comprehensive evaluation of the existing system with a view to
identifying its strengths and weakness. For a very sensitive topic like this,
especially as it concerns critical issue like sales and profit making to avoid
liquidation of company.

3.2 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM.

15
 Analysis involved a defiled study of the current system leading to the
specification of new system. The existing system happens to be a non-
computerized operating system were all operations are done manually by the
receptionist.

Analyzing the existing system ensures that a new software which would
deliver efficiency, effectiveness, accuracy, reliability and accuracy in the
management of a hotel’s affair will be designed and implemented. However, the
aim of a comprehensive and thorough analysis of the operation of an existing
system is to get the required data that will assist tremendously in the design of a
new system.

3.3 PROBLEMS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM.

It is important to keep pace with time with the increasing competition in the market
and to stand on the present environment of the modern world. The various
drawbacks of manually handling the operations in the hotel are:

 Slow speed of operation.

 Conflicting information
 Data redundancy
 Inaccurate information
 Insatiable customers
 Inability to analyze past data
 Day to day activities of the existing system is very costly.

It is well noted that an automated system of managing and reservation of rooms

or other affairs of a hotel is more efficient and reliable then a manual system that
performs the same operations. This in turn gave rise to a proffered solution to the
underlying problems associated with managing the affairs of a hotel manually.

16
3.4 ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system will help the Hotels to operate efficiently by eliminating all
the time consuming procedures and provide a better service to their customers as
well as for the employees in the company. It will eliminate the need for members
of staff of the hotel to go about some affairs manually and hereby reduces most
problem inherent in the existing system.

It will consist of two parts mainly- Web Based Reservation System (Customer’s
Perspective) and Hotel Reservation System (Administration Perspective).

3.4.1 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION.

The following fact finding methods or data collection methods were used.

i. Direct interview of staff of kennan Lodge Nsukka.

ii. Internet; I surfed the internet for researches on computerized Hotel
management system.

3.5 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODOLOGY

TECHNIQUE.

The structured system analysis and design methodology has some

techniques, but in the course of this project work, the hierarchical partition model
and the overview model are employed and discussed below.

3.5.1 THE HIERARCHICAL PARTITION MODEL.

This system analysis technique provides a logical way of partitioning the system
into smaller systems. These techniques view the entire system as a unit and try to
partition or split the system into other subsystem. The proposed system is

17
partitioned into three subsystems which are the definition, activity and report sub-
system, with each subsystem further portioned into smaller partitions or units
known as entities. The advantages of this technique is that maintaining and
handling the program will be easier and the software can be organized into various
menus and submenus (i.e human-interface design).

The hierarchical partition model of the system (hotel management system) is

shown in the figure 3.1

Definition

Admin Staff management

Check in/out
Manage Services
Manage Staff

Activities Process online

HMS
reservations

Book Hall

View reports
Edit profile
Logout
Reports.

Figure 3.1: Hierarchical Partition Model of the System

18
3.5.2. THE OVERVIEW MODEL.

This is logical model that shows the input data, database and reports of the
component of the subsystem. With the overview model, it is easy to know data
flows in and out of the subsystems.

The overview models of the Hotel management system are shown below.

Input data input data

Admin
data Admin
Report
store subsystem

Output data output data

Fig 3.2 an overview model for the administrator

Input data input data

User
data User
subsystem
Report
store
Output data output data
Fig 3.3. An overview model for the user

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 Input data input data

Mgt
data Management Report
store subsystem

Output data output data

Fig 3.4: an overview model for the management

3.6 SPECIFICATION OF FORMS

The input to the system is designed to capture data from each form, save and
retrieve it from the database.

20
 LOGIN TO BOOK

Please fill in the fields correctly

Username

Password

Login Don’t have an account register HERE Forget password click HERE

Fig. 3.5 Login Form (for booking)

21
 LOGIN TO BOOK
Username

Password

Login

Fig. 3.6: Login Form (for Staff and management)

22
 Booking page
Username:

Checkin date: Select date

Checkout Select date

d
Room

Deluxe standard AC

Fig. 3.7: Room Booking Form

No of rooms

Check availability

Fig. 3.7: Room booking Form

ADD NEW ROOM

Room no
Room type -select-
Option (ac/no
ac)
-select-

reset submit

Fig. 3.8: Input Form design for adding new Room

23
3.7 DATABASE SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN

There are need to provide an efficient data storage procedure for holding and
securing critical information. This data storage module is known as database.
There are numerous DBMS technology available such as: ORACLE, MS
ACCESS, and SQL SERVER.

The DBMS used for this project is MySQL server. The database contains fourteen
tables, the structure of the tables includes:

1. Login_details: This table holds the information for administrators of the system

Table. 3.1: Login_details database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE

Id VARCHAR 15
Password VARCHAR 35
Access_level INT 10

2 Attendance: This table holds the information for staff attendance

Table. 3.2: Attendance database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Emp_id INT Employee id 11
Name VARCHAR Employee name 35
Date VARCHAR Employee enlistment date
Present VARCHAR Employee attendance 8

3 Roombooking: This table holds the information for booked room

Table. 3.3: Roombooking database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

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 Id INT Room booking Id 11
Username VARCHAR Booking user 35
Roomno INT Room number 11
Checkindate DATE Check-in date
Checkoutdate DATE Check-out date
Ndays INT No of days 11
Category VARCHAR Category of booking 35
Type VARCHAR Type of room 35
Option VARCHAR Option for room 35
Rate DECIMAL Amount to be paid 10,2

4 Employee: This table holds the information for staff of the hotel
Table.3.4: Employee database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Emp_id INT Employee id 11
Name VARCHAR Employee name 35
Dob DATE Date of birth of employee
Category VARCHAR Category of the employee 35
Phone BIGINT Phone number of the employee 20
Email VARCHAR Email address of employee 35
Address TEXT Address of employee
Joiningdate DATE Date of employed
Experience INT Work Experience of employee 11
Photo VARCHAR Photo of employee 75

5 Hallbooking: This table hold information for hall booked.

Table.3.5: Hallbooking database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Id INT Hall booking Id 11
Username VARCHAR Hall booking user 40
Checkindate DATE Check-in date
Checkoutdate DATE Check-out date
Ndays INT No of days 11
Rate DECIMAL Total amount payable for hall 10,2

25
6 Internet_shop: This table hold information for food available for ordering
online.
Table.3.6: Internet_shop database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Id INT Food Id 6
Img VARCHAR Food Image 32
Name VARCHAR Food name 64
Description TEXT Description of the food
Price DOUBLE Amount sold

7 Order: This table hold information for food ordered by users online.
Table.3.7: Order database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Id INT Order Id 11
Product VARCHAR Name of Ordered product 100
Qty INT Quantity of the order 11
Confirmation VARCHAR Order confirmation number 30
Total VARCHAR Total Amount payable 100
Note VARCHAR Order note 500

8 Paymentm: This table hold information for payment method for food ordered.
Table.3.8: Paymentm database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Id INT Payment method id 11
Dmethodid VARCHAR Delivery method id 30
Methodname VARCHAR Payment method name 100

9 Registration: This table hold information for registered users for online
booking and ordering.
Table.3.9: Registration database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Id INT User id 11
First_name VARCHAR User firstname 35

26
 User VARCHAR Username 35
Password VARCHAR User password 35
Gender VARCHAR User gender 6
City VARCHAR User city 35
State VARCHAR User state 35
Country VARCHAR User country 35
Phone BIGINT User phone number 20
Email VARCHAR User email 35
Security_question TEXT Security question of user
Answer VARCHAR Answer of security question 35

10 Reservation: This table holds full information of user and ordered food online
Table.3.10: Reservation database structure

FIELD NAME DATA DESCRIPTION SIZE

TYPE
Reservation_id INT Reservation Id 11
Firstname VARCHAR User firstname 30
Lastname VARCHAR User lastname 30
City VARCHAR User city 30
Address VARCHAR User address 30
Country VARCHAR User country 30
Email VARCHAR User email 50
Contact VARCHAR User contact 11
Payable INT Amount payable 11
Status VARCHAR Delivery status 10
Confirmation VARCHAR Reservation confirmation no 20
Delivery VARCHAR Delivery Address 300
Date VARCHAR Date of delivery of reserved food 30
Time VARCHAR Time of delivery 100
Payment VARCHAR Payment method for reserved 100
food
Delivery_type VARCHAR Delivery type for reserved food 100

11 Roomtypes: This table hold information for types of rooms available for
booking.
Table.3.11: Roomtypes database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Roomno INT Room number 11

27
 Roomtype VARCHAR Room Type 35
Ac VARCHAR Air Conditioner inclusive 6

12 Salary: This table holds the information for staff salary

Table. 3.12: Salary database structure

FIELD NAME DATA DESCRIPTION SIZE

TYPE
Id INT Salary Id 11
Name VARCHAR Employee or staff name 30
Noofdays INT No of days present at work 11
Sal DECIMAL Salary 10,2
Exp INT Employee work experience 11
Inc DECIMAL Increment based on experience 10,2
Tot_sal DECIMAL Total Salary 10,2

13 Tariff: This table holds the information of tariff plan of rooms

Table. 3.13: Tariff database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

No INT Tariff number 11
Name VARCHAR Tariff name 20
Rate DECIMAL Amount of tariff 10,2

14 Monthlysalary: This table holds the information for general monthly salary
structure of staff

Table. 3.14: Monthlysalary database structure

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION SIZE

Id INT Employee id 11
Employeetype VARCHAR Employee name 35
Salary INT Employee enlistment date 11
Daily_salary DECIMAL Employee attendance 10,2

28
3.8 INPUT/OUTPUT DESIGN

This aspect discusses the input and output design of the system so as to give a
clear view of what is meant by the terms input/output design.

3.8.1 INPUT DESIGN

It should be understood that input is the data that should be fed into the system
to serve as basis for the desired output. The input to the new system is designed
to capture data in the subsystem.
Some of them includes:
Check in/check out: the front desk user will use this to check customers in or
out of the hotel when their time elapses.
Manage rooms /users: the content of the data that will flow into this
subsystem includes the details of rooms/users to be inserted into the database.
Log in/out: the content of the data that will flow into this subsystem in the
process of logging in are the various user passwords. The data originates from
the user and will flow into the sign in module for user clearance in their
respective tasks.
Post bills: This input design includes post reservation, post other services, and
post restaurant and bar. It is necessary for inserting the various bills incurred by
customers in this hotel establishment.
Reservation: The content of the data that will flow into this subsystem are the
data that show that a customer has reserved a room online.

3.8.2 OUTPUT DESIGN

29
 With the identification of the input design, it is logical to state the
output design too. Output is the data that should go out of the system. The
output design of this system includes reports that can be viewed by the
management of the hotel.

3.9 ALGORITHM DESIGN

Start

30
 Display
menu

Select Option

Yes
Is Display
option
Home
No

Yes
Is A
option
bookin
No

Yes
Is B
option

No

Yes
Is C
option
login?
No

Stop

Fig. 3.9: Program flowchart of the proposed system.

31
 A

Display
logon
screen

Input username,
password

Validat No
e
a. View my booking
Yes b. Reservation
Display c. Food ordering
Main
Menu

Select Option

Is Yes View my booking

option

No

Is Yes Reservation form

option

No

Is Yes Food order form

option

Stop

Fig. 3.10: Booking flowchart.

32
 B

Is Option
Yes Display Hotel
Hotel Policies
Policies?

No

Is Option
Tariff Plan Yes Display Tariff
&Facilities and Facilities
?

No

Is Option
Yes Display Food
Food
menu
menu?

No

Stop

Fig. 3.11: Services flowchart

33
C

34
 3.10 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Display
The architecturelogon
of the system design is 3-tier. The tiers are presentation tier,
screen
middle tier and data tier. The presentation tier is the user interface and it is
designed using HTML and CSS. The middle tier connects the presentation tier and
Input username,
data tier together.
passwordThe middle tier is also called business logic. It was designed

using PHP and JAVA script and it runs on the server. The data tier is the part of the
system that is responsible for the storing of the data i.e. ., the database. And the
Validat No
database management
e system used for developing this system is MYSQL database.
The figure below shows the system architecture
Yes

Display
Is username
Yes Staff or
and password
admin
Presentation Tier for staff or
Middle Tier
Data
panel
Data Tier
Tier
admin?

No PHP SQL
HTML
Database
Display
Is username and
Yes Managemen
password for
t panel
Management?

Stop
Fig 3.13: System Architecture.

Fig. 3.12: Login Flowchart (management or staff)

35
 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

4.1 INTRODUCTION

It is a good programming practice to include document on how a new system

should be managed and maintained, to enable it stand the taste of time.
System implementation is the actual introduction of the new system to change the
previous system. In a similar manner, systems documentation consists of writing
the description of what a program does and how to use it.

The new system can be implemented in the organization by either applying a stage
by-stage process or by running the old system and the new system
simultaneously until the system takes over the old system’s operation.
Furthermore, staff’s in the organization must undergo a thorough training on how
to operate the new system. This is to obtain, by the organization, the maximum
and efficient use of the new system.

4.1.1 CHOICE OF DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

The application (hotel management system) was developed using PHP as an object
oriented programming language and MySQL server to manage the database
(information storage). The development environment used is the Macromedia
Dreamweaver.

I. Macromedia Dreamweaver 8: This was used for designing, editing,

debugging and building HTML, CSS, PHP, JAVASCRIPT and MySQL
codes.

36
 II. PHPMyAdmin: This was used in designing and re-editing MySQL
database.
III. Wamp server: This is a local server or network that is used to execute
hypertext pre-processor and my structures query language, and to
stimulate the internet.

4.1.2 CHOICE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The programming languages used in this project work are PHP and MySQL.

Justifications for using the programming language PHP for this work are as
follows:

• It is a server site scripting language Its open source (i.e. free to use) and cost
of hosting a PHP application is less compared with the ASP(Active Server
Page) and JSP (Java Server Pages)

• It adds dynamism to a website or web application.

Also MYSQL is used for the following reasons:

• It is preferred because it can execute queries against a database

• SQL can insert records in a database and can set permissions on tables,
procedures and database.

• It is also preferred because if the back end of the web application. This is
because everything that is being done is stored to the database.

37
4.2 IMPLEMENTATION ARCHITECTURE

Hotel Management
System

Home Login form

Bookings Services Login form Login
(Admin) (Management)

Login Form Hotel Policies Employee Add user

(guest) manager

Tariff plan and Room manager View staff salary

Reservation Facilities

Customer
View Allotted
Food menu manager
Food Room
Ordering Food manager
View customer
report
Exit Exit

View Bill report

View customer
report

Exit

Fig. 3.14: Implementation Architecture Diagram

38
4.3 SYSTEM TESTING.

During the design stage of the system, testing of the system was done to verify its
efficiency and resistance to deliberate errors. This can be done in several stages
which include:-

UNIT TESTING – the performance of the individual parts or modules are

examined using test data.

INTEGRATION TESTING – the parts are linked together and the test data is
used to see if the parts works together. It’s the testing of integrated modules to
verify combined functionality after integrated.

FUNCTIONAL TESTING –This type of testing ignores the internal parts and
focus on the output is as per requirement or not.

SYSTEM TESTING – The entire system is tested as per the requirement

39
4.4. SCREEN SHOTS

Fig 4.1: Screen Shot For System Home Page

40
Fig 4.2: Screen Shot For Login(Booking For User)

Fig 4.3: Screen Shot For Login (Admin and Management)

41
Fig 4.4: Screen Shot For Management Home Page.

42
Fig 4.5: Screen Shot for Food Ordering Report

43
Fig 4.6: Screen Shot for Admin Home page.

Fig 4.7: Screen Shot for Staff List.

44
Fig 4.8: Screen Shot For Add New Staff

45
4.5 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

This is the physical and non-physical components of the system. They are broadly
classified into hardware and software requirements.

4.5.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Hardware requirements of the system are as follows:

• Pentium 266HZ – 566HZ

• 512MB RAM
• 14’ super video graphic adapter monitor (SVGA)
• 20GB of hard disk
• A mouse or mouse sensitive used on laptops
• CD ROM or USB port
• Power or Voltage surge
• Uninterrupted power supply (UPS), lasting for at least 24 hours.

4.5.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

The following are the software requirements of the system;

• Microsoft Windows Operating System – (Window XP, vista or window 7

Win9x and above)

• MYSQL Data Base

• PHPMyadmin

• WAMP server

• Macromedia Dreamweaver 8

46
 • Web browser (e.g., moxilla Firefox-version 32.0.3, Chrome-version
43.0.2357.134 m)

4.6 SOFTWARE DEPLOYMENT AND INSTALLATION

To run this software from a local host (Wamp server). Wamp Server should be
install in the computer system. The software should be copied into a compact disc
(CD) or on a flash drive. The flash or compact disc containing the software should
be inserted into the computer system with which the ballot uploading will be done.
And To install the application, the following procedure are followed:

• Open the inserted CD or flash drive containing the software

• Go to the root folder of the Wamp server named “”www” and open the
folder

• Copy the application from the CD or Flash drive into the opened folder

Launch the WAMP server icon on the task bar. Click on PHP myadmin to take you
to the PHPmyadmin page on your browser. Create a database named “db_hotel”,
after which database created will be displayed. Then click on the import button to
import the database stored in the application folder. After which you launch your
application on the web browser using the URL (http://localhost/HMS).

47
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENT

Having come to completion of this project work a lot of achievement was made
and they include;

1. The replacement of error prone manual system with new online Hotel
management system.

2. Data can now be processed with great speed and efficiency.

3. Direct capture and storing of data

4. The security of data is to some extent ensured.

5. The use of database server was implemented.

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

Having seen the problem encountered in using the old system of hotel
management, I suggest that this online Hotel Management System be adopted in
Hotels and staff that will be handling this software package be given training on
computer based on how to use the new system.

48
5.3 CONCLUSION

Research and development are continuous processes; this is same in computer and
software development. However the effectiveness and efficiency of this new
system provide room for further improvement. As early mentioned some of the
scope of this project were actualized. The objectives could be improved upon,
the online hotel management system developed will offer greater opportunity
in Hotel management. All processing of hotel information with regards to
reservation, management of hotel activities can be carried out online.

49
 REFERENCES

1. S. Koolmanojwong, "Analysis and Design of B to C E-Marketplace for Tourism

with UML” M.S. Thesis, Faculty of Science and Technology, Assumption
University, Bangkok, Thailand 2000.
2. M. J. O'Fallon and D. G. Rutherford. (2011). Hotel Management and Operations
| CA College of Ayurveda.
Available:http://www.ayurvedacollege.com/amazon_store/item /
0470177144
3. S. Koolmanojwong and P. Santiprabhob, "Intelligent Electronic Marketplace for
Tourism."
4. E. W. T. Ngai and F. K. T. Wat, "Design and development of a fuzzy expert
system for hotel selection, "Omega, vol. 31, pp. 275-286, 2003.
5. G. Jingzhi, et al., "Alibaba International: Building a Global Electronic
Marketplace," in e-Business Engineering, 2006. ICEBE '06. IEEE
International Conference on, 2006, pp. 545-548.
6. W. S. Gray and S. C. Liguori, Hotel and Motel Management and Operations,
Fourth Edition ed.: Prentice Hall, 2002.

7. Ogirima Sanni Omuya “Computerized Hotel Management” Unpublished Higher

National Diploma (HND) dissertation, Department of Computer Science,
Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria.

8. Oparanma, O., Hamilton, D.I. & Seth J.A. (2009). “Strategies for Managing
Hospitality in a Turbulent Environment: Nigerian Experience”.

50
9. Luebke, P. (2010). Social Media 101 for independent operators.Restaurant Start
up and Growth, 17-23.

10. Yang, H. O. & Fu, H.W. (2007). Creating and Sustaining Competitive
Advantages of Hospitality Industry.

11. Jin-zhao, W. & Jing, W. (2009).Issues, Challenges, and Trends, that Facing
Hospitality Industry.

12. Ross, J.R. (2006). Online reservation technology gains ground, Nation’s
Restaurant News, 40, (26), and 68.

13. Piccoli, G. (2008). Information technology in hotel management: A framework

for evaluating the sustainability of IT-dependent competitive advantage.
Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 49, (3), 282.

14. Griffin, R. (1998). Data warehousing: The latest weapon for the lodging
industry? Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 39, (4),
28-46.

15. Robinson, T. (1996).It all starts good clean data. Sentry Market Research, S,
15.

16. O'Sullivan, O. (1996). Data warehousing- without the warehouse. ABA

Banking Journal, 88, (18), 30-34.

17. Magnini, V., Honeycutt, E., & Hodge, K. (2003).Data mining for hotel firms:
Use and limitations.

18. Siguaw, J. A., &Enz, C. A. (1999).Best practices in information technology.

Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 40, (5), 58-71.

51
19. Lee, S. C., Barker, S. &Kandampully, J. (2003). Technology, service quality,
and customer loyalty in hotels: Australian managerial perspectives.
Managing Service Quality, 13, (5), 423-432.

APPENDIX A

(Welcome Page)

52
53
 APPENDIX B

(System Output)

54
55
 APPENDIX C

(CODE)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if lt IE 7]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9 lt-ie8 lt-ie7"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 7]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9 lt-ie8"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js"> <!--<![endif]-->
<head>
<!-- BASICS -->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<title>HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM</title>
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/isotope.css" media="screen" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="js/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.css" type="text/css"
media="screen" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap-theme.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">
<!-- skin -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="skin/default.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="../validlogin.js"></script>

</head>

<body>
<section id="header" class="appear"></section>

56
 <div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation" data-0="line-
height:100px; height:100px; background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.3);" data-300="line-height:60px;
height:60px; background-color:rgba(0,0,0,1);">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-
toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
<span class="fa fa-bars color-white"></span>
</button>
<h1><a class="navbar-brand" href="index.php" data-
0="line-height:90px;" data-300="line-height:50px;"> HOTEL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
</a></h1>
</div>
<div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav" data-0="margin-top:20px;"
data-300="margin-top:5px;">
<li class="active"><a
href="index.php">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#section-about">Bookings</a></li>
<li><a href="#section-works">Services</a></li>
<li><a href="#section-contact">Login</a></li>
</ul>
</div><!--/.navbar-collapse -->
</div>
</div>

<section class="featured">
<div class="container">
<div class="row mar-bot40">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">

<div class="align-center">
57
 <i><Img src="img/logo.png"></i>
<h2 class="slogan">Kenan Lodge</h2>
<p>
Kenan Lodge is a top class hotel which
offers a combination of comfort, luxury and exclusivity. Their abiding passion is customer
satisfaction. It is located at the serene Alor-Uno road in Nsukka, a whispering distance from the
University of Nigeria Nsukka.

</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>

<section id="section-services" class="section pad-bot30 bg-white">

<div class="container">
<!--add any other content-->

</div>
</section>

<!-- Upload result -->

<section id="section-about" class="section appear clearfix">
<div class="container">

<div class="row mar-bot40">

<div class="col-md-offset-3 col-md-6">
<div class="section-header">

58
 <h2 class="section-heading animated" data-
animation="bounceInUp">Login To Book</h2>
<p>please fill in the fields correctly.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
<div class="cform" id="contact-form">
<form action="user/booklog.php"
onSubmit="return validateLogin(this);" method="post" >
<div class="form-group">
<label
for="username">Username</label>
<input type="text"
name="username" class="form-control" id="username" placeholder="Your Username" data-
rule="maxlen:4" data-msg="Please enter at least 4 chars" />
<div class="validation"></div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label
for="password">Password</label>
<input type="password"
class="form-control" name="password" placeholder="Your Password" data-rule="maxlen:4"
data-msg="Please enter a valid email" />
<div class="validation"></div>
</div>
<button type="submit"
name="submit">Log In</button>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dont have an
account register <a href="user/registration.php">here</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Forgot Password click<a href="user/fpass.php">
here </a>
</form>

</div>

59
 </div>

</div>
</div>
</div>

</div>
</section>
<!-- /about -->

<!-- spacer section:stats -->

<section id="parallax1" class="section pad-top40 pad-bot40" data-stellar-
background-ratio="0.5">
<div class="container">
<div class="align-center pad-top40 pad-bot40">
<blockquote class="bigquote color-white"></blockquote>
<p class="color-white"></p>
</div>
</div>
</section>

<!-- search results -->

<section id="section-works" class="section appear clearfix">
<div class="container">

<div class="row mar-bot40">

<div class="col-md-offset-3 col-md-6">
<div class="section-header">
<h2 class="section-heading animated" data-
animation="bounceInUp">SERVICES AND FACILITIES</h2>

60
 <p>You can view services, facilities, tariff
based on the criteria provided below </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="row">

<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="row">
<div class="portfolio-items isotopeWrapper clearfix" id="3">

<article class="col-md-4 isotopeItem webdesign">

<div class="portfolio-item">

<div
class="portfolio-desc align-center">
<div
class="folio-info">

<h5>Services</h5>
<a
href="result_search.php"class="fancybox"><i class="fa fa-search fa-2x"></i></a>
</div>

</div>
</div>
</article>

<article class="col-md-4 isotopeItem photography">

<div class="portfolio-item">

61
 <div
class="portfolio-desc align-center">
<div
class="folio-info">

<h5>Tariff Plan & Facilities</h5>

<a
href="state_result.php" class="fancybox"><i class="fa fa-plus fa-2x"></i></a>
</div>

</div>
</div>
</article>

<article class="col-md-4 isotopeItem photography">

<div class="portfolio-item">

<div
class="portfolio-desc align-center">
<div
class="folio-info">

<h5>Food Menu</h5>
<a
href="general_result.php" class="fancybox"><i class="fa fa-plus fa-2x"></i></a>
</div>

</div>
</div>
</article>

62
 </div>

</div>

</div>

</section>

<section id="parallax2" class="section parallax" data-stellar-background-

ratio="0.5">
<div class="align-center pad-top40 pad-bot40">
<blockquote class="bigquote color-white"></blockquote>
<p class="color-white"></p>

</div>
</section>

<!-- admin login -->

<section id="section-contact" class="section appear clearfix">
<div class="container">

<div class="row mar-bot40">

<div class="col-md-offset-3 col-md-6">

63
 <div class="section-header">
<h2 class="section-heading animated" data-
animation="bounceInUp">LOGIN</h2>
<p>Please Fill in the fields correctly</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
<div class="cform" id="contact-form">

<div class="cform" id="contact-form">

<form action="admin/index.php"
method="post" >
<div class="form-group">
<label
for="username">Email</label>
<input type="text" name = "email"
class="form-control" id="email" placeholder="Your Email" data-rule="maxlen:40" data-
msg="Please enter at least 40 chars" />
<div class="validation"></div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label
for="password">Password</label>
<input type="password"
class="form-control" name = "pass" placeholder="Your Password" data-rule="maxlen:4" data-
msg="Please enter a valid email" />
<div class="validation"></div>
</div>
<button type="submit" name="btn-
login">Log In</button>

64
 </form>

</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ./span12 -->
</div>

</div>
</section>
<!-- map -->
<section id="section-map" class="clearfix">
<div id="map"></div>
</section>

<section id="footer" class="section footer">

<div class="container">
<div class="row animated opacity mar-bot20" data-andown="fadeIn"
data-animation="animation">
<div class="col-sm-12 align-center">
<ul class="social-network social-circle">
<li><a href="#" class="icoRss" title="Rss"><i class="fa fa-rss"></i></a></li>
<li><a href="#" class="icoFacebook" title="Facebook"><i class="fa fa-
facebook"></i></a></li>
<li><a href="#" class="icoTwitter" title="Twitter"><i class="fa fa-
twitter"></i></a></li>
<li><a href="#" class="icoGoogle" title="Google +"><i class="fa fa-google-
plus"></i></a></li>
<li><a href="#" class="icoLinkedin" title="Linkedin"><i class="fa fa-
linkedin"></i></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
65
 </div>

<div class="row align-center copyright">

<div class="col-sm-12"><p>Copyright &copy; 2016
Kenan Lodge </p></div>
</div>
</div>

</section>
<a href="#header" class="scrollup"><i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i></a>

<script src="js/modernizr-2.6.2-respond-1.1.0.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="js/jquery.easing.1.3.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/jquery.isotope.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/jquery.nicescroll.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.pack.js"></script>
<script src="js/skrollr.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/jquery.scrollTo-1.4.3.1-min.js"></script>
<script src="js/jquery.localscroll-1.2.7-min.js"></script>
<script src="js/stellar.js"></script>
<script src="js/jquery.appear.js"></script>
<script src="js/validate.js"></script>
<script src="js/main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

66