Brookhaven National Laboratory Selected Volume 1

Brookhaven National Laboratory selected cryogenic data notebook
/ compiled and edited by J.E. Jensen ... [et al.].

[New York] : Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1980-
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2% ENé.
10200-R, Vol.
-R/v.
BNL
10200
" "º
BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY
SELECTED CRYOGENIC
DATA NOTEBOOK
WOLUME
|
SECTIONS |-|X
by
Compiled and Edited
J.E. Jensen W.A. Tuffle
Stewart'
ENGR. LIBRARY
H.
R.B. Brechnd”
A.G. Prode|| MAY 21 1981
UNIV. OF WASH.
Polytechnic
of
Standards, Cryogenic
1.
Worcester Inst. and National Bureau Division

Technology, Rupperswil,
2.
of
Institute Switzerland
Revised August 1980
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UNDER CONTRACT NO. DE-ACO2-76CHOOO16 WITH THE
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9015 08645 41.65

3
DISCLAIMER
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SUBJECT INDEX
I. INTRODUCTION
II. PROPERTIES OF HELIUM
III. PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN
IV. PROPERTIES OF DEUTERIUM
PROPERTIES OF NEON
VI. PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN

VII. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SOLIDS
VIII. SPECIFIC HEAT OF SOLIDS
IX. THERMAL EXPANSIVITY OF SOLIDS
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
XI. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
XII. INSULATION PROPERTIES
XIII. THERMOCOUPLE EMF's
XIV. DENSITY
XV. THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY
XVI. HEMI SPHERICAL TOTAL EMITTANCE
XVII . SURFACE TENSION
XVIII . APPEND ICES
iii
I. INTRODUCTION
TheSelected Cryogenic Data Notebook has been designed to

meet the general needs of the engineers and scientists working with
cryogenic systems at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The objective
in the preparation of this collection of data tables and charts, is
to present in a summary manner the best information available on
those properties and materials adjudged to be of continuing
importance.
The for thermophysical property data for materials of
needs
importance in cryogenic systems are constantly expanding, and the
availability of additional information makes it possible to
continually increase both the depth and the bread th of a note book
of property data. The growing availability of new information also
makes it possible to continually improve the accuracy of the
property data. With additional study of the available information,
the uncertainty of data tables may also be defined. This work is ,
there fore, issued in loose-leaf form to permit frequent expansion
and improvement of the data tabulations. -
The editors wish to give particular recognition to the Data

Compilation Program of the Cryogenic Data Center of the National
Bureau of standards. The Cryogenic Data Center issued a
compendium” of the properties of materials at low temperatures in
l960 from which many of the data sheets in this notebook have been
derived. This data compilation program is a continuing effort for
the critical evaluation and compilation of data on the
thermodynamic, transport, and other thermophysical properties
for the principal fluids used at low temperatures. The work of
*A Compendium of the Properties of Mater ials at Low Temperatures

(Phase I). Victor J. Johnson, General Editor, Wright Air
Development Division Technical Report 60-56 (July, l960 ) ; and
UPhase II ), Richard B. Stewart and Victor J. Johnson, General
Editors, (Dec. 1961).
INTRO-1
the Cryogenic Data Center, in addition to providing a basic
collection of cryogenic property data, has also provided the
information for the subsequent expansion and improvements on
many of the data tabulations included in this notebook.
This notebook is composed of a series of individual data

sheets, on which information is presented for a particular
property of a selected material. These data sheets are arranged
using materials as the primary index for data on fluids, and
using properties as the primary index for data on solids. The
format of the individual data sheets is as follows:
Source of Data: Literature references to the selected data
are listed chronologically.
Other References: Other references to the subject are given.
Comments: Explanatory notes are included which may
summarize the contents of each reference,
relate information on purity of the sample
for which data are given, provide esti
mates of the uncertainty of the data, etc.
Data Tables: Tabulations of the data are given. For
subjects where only limited information is
available, all of the measured values may
be given. extensive tabulations, and

More
in particular data tables which are adopted
from other data compilations, are summarized
by skeleton tables.
Graphs: The data are illustrated graphically
wherever the properties are available as
functions of a dependent property.
INTRO-2
Footnote S : Footnotes are used to reference other
data compilations which have been adopted
as the data source.
In this issue of this notebook, it has been necessary to

include some mater ial which may not represent the best
information available. In some instances new data may already be
available which has not been incorporated into the present data
sheets. In other cases, additional study and correlation of
available data would greatly improve the utility of the data
tables. However, in order to include some information on most of
the subjects indexed, it has been necessary to incorporate
available data sheets. It was also found difficult in this issue
to present of the data sheets in the format outlined above.
many
The editors acknowledge the necessity to revise many of those data

sheets, and it is intended that this collection of data sheets will
be improved in accordance with our objectives of presenting a
summary of the best data for all of the properties and materials
indexed, in a cons is tent format.
In this introduction it has been noted that the data sheets
are only summaries of the available information. It is emphasized
that the user requiring additional information should consult the
data sources listed on the data sheets. Reference is also made to
the availability of bibliographic information on the properties of
materials from the Cryogenic Data Center of the National Bureau of
Standards, Boulder, Colorado. In particular this Data Center is
equipped to prepare custom bibliographies for specific topics or
for broad subject areas from an automated bibliography storage and
retrieval system.
INTRO-3
In conclusion, the editors wish to acknowledge the
assistance received from the Cryogenic Data Center of the
National Bureau of Standards. The many publications issued
by this Data Center have been particularly useful in assembling
this collection of data sheets. Several individuals at Brookhaven
National Laboratory have also contributed significantly to this
work. In particular, the editors wish to acknowledge the
continuous encouragement and advice given by Dr. R. P. Shutt. The
editors also wish to thank Anne M. Flood for coordinating the
clerical and administrative efforts, and the Bubble Chamber Group
Electrical Drafting Section under the direction of Louis F. Both
and the ISABELLE Drafting Section under the direction of Donald
Gilzinger for the drafting, checking and proofreading required for
the preparation of the graphs.
The Editors
INTRO–4
II . PROPERTIES OF HELIUM
CONTENTS
Vapor Pressure
Density of Liquid Helium (At Saturation)
Compressibility Factor
: Specific Heat
l. Liquid Helium (At Saturation)
2. Cp of Helium
Heat of Vaporization
Enthalpy
Thermal Conductivity
l. Liquid Helium l At Saturation)
2. Gaseous Helium
Dielectric Constant
l. Liquid Helium
2. Gaseous Helium
Surface Tension Liquid Helium
Visco sity
l. Liquid Helium
2. Gaseous Helium
Velocity of Sound
1. Liquid Helium
2. Gaseous Helium
He at Transfer
II–INDEX
O'OO)
O'OS
O'S
O'2
"O2
– | O'
| 'O
"O G
"G
*2
*
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– "O |
3. |
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20
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to
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GOOO"O
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‘38ſilvö3dW31 Xe
T-W-II
WAPOR PRESSURE of LIQUID HELIUM
Source of Data;
Clement, J. R., et al., Phys. Rev. 100, 743-li (Oct. 1955)
Other References:
Berman, R. and Swenson, C. A., Phys. Rev. 95, No. 2, 311-ll (July 1954)
Erickson, R. A. and Roberts, L. D., Phys. Rev. 93, 957-62 (Mar. 1954)
Gratch, S., Trans. ASME TO, 631-10 (Aug. 1918)
Van Dijk, H. and Durieux, M. , Progress in Low Temperature Physics,
Wol. II, North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
(1957) l;80 pp.
Van Dijk, H. and Shoenberg, D., Nature, lºli, 151 (July 1919)
Worley, R., D., Zemansky, M. W. and Broose, H. A., Phys. Rev. 93, No. 1,
(Jan. 1954)
Comments:
The Absolute temperature scale (0°C = 273.16°K) was used in the table
Of Selected values below.
Temp. Pressure Temp. Pressure
°K *R mm Hg lb/in? °K *R mm Hg lb/in?
l l.8
l.2
l!.68
31
O. 0.002 3.2 5.76 213

||
||
l.
||
2.16 O.62 O. Oll 3.l. 6. 12 6.09

2
316
l; 9
l.H. 2. 52 2.l O.OliO 3.6 6.18 l,02 7.71,
l.6 2.88 5.7 O. lol 3.8 6.7l. 503 9.68

l.8 3.21. l2.5 O.2kl li.O 7.2 619 ll.9
2. 3.6 H.2 l!.5
O.
23.8 l;58 7.56

O
753
2.2 3.96 Hl. O.790 H.H. 7.82 900 lT.

3
6l. l. 23
l.
2. lº.6 8.28 2O.8

li.
32 1080
2.6 .68 9l, l.8l 8.6l.
.8
l270
l;
21.5
l;
2.8 5.0l 134 2.58 5.0 9.00 ll.90 28.7

3.0 5.l.0 183 3.53 5.2 9.36 172O 33.1
|
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
II—A-2
O, 15
O. 14
O.13 H
O. 2
DENSITY of
SATURATED
LIQUID HELIUM
. O.
O.I.O
O.O9
O.O8
4
TEMPERATURE, *K
II–B–1
DENSITY of LIQUID HELIUM
(At Saturation)
Source of Data:
Berman, R. and Mate, C. F., Phil. Mag. (8) 3, 461-69 (May 1958)
Other References:
Kerr, E. C., J. Chem. Phys. 26, 511-1} (Mar. 1957)
Ham, N. S., Roy. Australian Inst. J.
(miyigo) Chem. & Proc. 17, 273-83
Keller, W. E., Phys. Rev. 91, No. 1, 1–8 (Jan. 1955)

Dash, J. G. and Taylor, R. D., Phys. Rev. 107, No. 5, 1228-1237
(Sept. 1957)
Borelius, G., Arkiv. Fysik, l3, No. 29, 369-378
Band (Jan. 1958)
Keesom, W. H., Helium, Elsevier, Amsterdam, (1942) p. 9k
Temp. Density Temp. Density
* | * | * | *;
2.2 O.ll." 3.8 O. l.22
2.3 0.11:6 l.00 O. l.29
2.l. o.16 lº.2 O. l.25
2.6 O.lkl; l.l. O. l.22
2.8 O.lk3 l;.6 O.ll.T

3.00 0.lkl lº.8 O. lll
3.2 O. lºº 5.0 O.l.0l
3.4 0.137 0.087
5.15
3.6 0.13% 5.18 O.079
II—B-2
COMPRESSIB|LITY FACTOR for HELI UM
[P= Pressure, (atm); Z = Compressibility Foctor ]
Density Temperature,
*K Density
gm/cc 2O 25 30 l;0 50 60 TO 8O 90 lCO l2O ll,0 160 18O 22O 260 3OO gm/cc
P l.067 l.231 | P
*
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P
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l.OOl l.002 l.002 l.002 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 ||Z
&OOl2 P l.232 l. lº&b l. 727 l.97b, 2.221 2. l;68 2.962 3.l;56 3.950 l. lll: 5.l.31 6.lºl9 7.106 || P &OOl2
Z. l.OOl l.OO2 l.OO3 l.003 l.OO3 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 ||Z
ºOOll, P l.ll.9 l. l;38 l. T27 2.016 2.30l., 2.593 2.881 3.1,58 l;.034 h.6ll 5.187 6.310 7.1,93 8.6l,5 | P .OOll,
{e
Z l.OOO l.OO2 l.003 l.003 l.OOl; l.00l, l.OOl; l.00l. l.00l. l.OOl; l.00l, l.0Ol; l.OOl; l.00l. Z
eOOl6 P l. 313 l.6ll, l.97b, 2.305 2.635 2.965 3.295 3.95); l.6l3 5.273 5.932
7.250 8.568 9.886 || P tº
OOl6
Z. l.OOl L.OO2 l.OO3 l.OOl; l.OOl; l.OOl; l.OOl; l.005 l.OO5 l.005 l.OO5
l.005 l.OO5 l.OO5 Z
37 13
ll.
l;.
P l. 101, l. l;77 l. 850 2.222 2.591, 2.966 3.337 3.709 l;5l 5.193 5.935 6.677
8.161 9.6ll,
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ZP ZP ZP ZP
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l.005 l.005 l.005
Z P Z P Z.P Z
72
2.881, l;.9l8
2.
5.
l.02O l.227 612 2.056 h70 3.297 3.710 l.23 773 6.598 7.1.23
9.073 lo. lz.
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l.006 l.006 l.006
SB
.961; 6.630 7.1.6l 8.292 9.953 ll.6l

2.
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l8.25 21.57 21.89
l;
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l.
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3.226 l;.075 ly.928 6.633 8.335 lo.03 ll. lix. 15.09 le. 78 20.ll, 23.50 26.86 30.21 36.93 k3.65 50.37
lil
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5.6l;5 8.7OO ll. 76 lb.8l l;7.85 53.8l,
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8.2ll, 23.99 27.1,6 34.36 l;1.25 l;8.ll,
l;
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Reprintedfrom: "CompressibilityFactor for Helium",DataSheetil.001 Compendiumthe Properties Materials LowTemperature

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(PhaseII) by the National Bureauof Standards,CryogenicEngineeringLaboratory, Johnson,

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HA3&nSSE Sºuºudsouļo
IT III | | | | | ITTTTTTTTTTTTTTTE
SPECIFIC HEAT
of LIQUID HELIUM
of saturdtion
|O
3 4.
TEMPERATURE, “K
II-D-1. 1
SPECIFIC HEAT of LIQUID HELIUM
(At Saturation)
Source of Data :
Hill, R. W. and Lounasmaa, O. V., Phil. Mag. (8) 2, 11.3-lb (Feb. 1957)
Other References:
Wiebes, C. G., Niels-Hakkenberg, C. G. and Kramers, H. C., Physica
23, 625-32 (1957)
Markham, A. H., Thesis submitted for Degree of Doctor of Philisophy,
Univ. Wisconsin (1958)
Kramers; H. J., Wassches, J. D. and Gorter, C., Physica 18, No. 5,
329-38 (1952) -
Keesom, W. H., Helium, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1912)
Comments:
The absolute temperature scale (0°C = 273.16°K = #91.69°R) was used

in the Table of Selected Values below.
Temperature Specific Heat (Cs) Temperature Specific Heat (Cs)

Joules BTU Joules BTU
°K *R
~gin ºr IETF
°K *R
-gº-K IETF
l.8 3.2k 2.81 O.672 3.0 5.l:0 2.19 0.595
l.85 3.33 3.26 0.779 3.2 5.76 2.69 0.6l3
l.9 3.42 3.79 0.906 3.4 6.12 2.97 O.710
2.0 3.60 5.18 l.24 3.6 6.l:8 3.26 O.779

2.05 3.69 6.16 l.ly/ 3.8 6.8l. 3.60 O.860
2. lo 3.78 7.5l l.80 H.0 7.2 3.99 0.953
2. lº 3.87 9.35 2.23 lº.2 7.56 lº.k.8 l.O."

2.1735 3.9l 12.6 3.0l li.k. 7.92 5.ll. l.22
2.2 3.96 3.98 0.951 lº.6 8.28 5.9k l.l;2
2.3 l.lk 2.6lt 0.631. l;.8 8.6l. 7.53 l.80

2.k. l; .32 2.38 0.569 5.0 9.00 ll.5 2.75
2.6 l,.68 2.27 0.542 5.05 9.09 l3.5 3.23
2. 5.0l. 2.34 0.559
II—D—1.2
;
O 3.
u
O
Lil
0.
:
(ſ)
§:
o C (O
Xe-u5/sel noſ ‘(*O) Lv3H O | 3 ||O2 dS
II–D–2. 1
SPECIFIC HEAT (cp) of HELIUM
Source of Data:
Lounasmaa, O. V., Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of

Philosopy, University of Oxford 1958.
Other References :
Itterbeck, A. Van, Bull. Inst. Intern. Froid, Annexe, 1955-2,

99-106 (1955);
Masi, J. F., Trans. ASME 76, No. 7, 1067-7, (Oct. 1954);
Akin, S. W., Trans. ASME 72, 75l-57 (Aug. 1950);
Zelmanov, J., Journal of Phys. (USSR) 3, No. 1, 1,3-52 (1910);
Zelmanov, J.,
Journal of Phys. (USSR) 8, No. 3, 129-13), (1944).
Keesom, W. H. , Helium, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1912) pp.9l,
Specific Heat at Constant Pressure, cal/g, -’K
Temp. 6 lO 30 50
3 5 15 70
atm atm atm atm atm atm atm atm
°K
6 2.9l l. 18 O.97 || O.77 || O.67 || 0.615
6.5 2. ll: 3.10 2.25 l. 35 l.09
7 l.8l. 2.83 2.8l. l. 53 l. 20 O.90 O.74 O.7l
8 l. 55 l.96 || 2.17 | l.93 l. lil l.02 || 0.87 || 0.79
9 l. 1,6 l.67 l.T8 l.96 l.60 l.ll. O.9l O.87
lO l.l.0 l. 53 l.6l l.8l l.Tl l. 25 l.05 0.95
12 l.l;2 l. H6 l. 59 l.6l. l. HO l. 18 l.08

ll; l. 37 l.
l;7
l.39 l8
l.
l.
1.28
l. l.
52 l;7
|
l6 l. 35 l. HO l.lić l. 37 l. 22
l. l.
31. H5
18 l.33 1.lil lić l.k1 l.32

l.
32 1.36
|
|
|
l. 31 l.ll. l. 37
34
l.
H3
l.
2O
l.
38
II–D–2.
2
24
2O
i
|6
HEAT of VA POR | ZAT | ON

Of H E L | UM
4.
TEMPERATURE, *k
II–E–l
HEAT of WAPORIZATION of HELIUM
Source of Data:
Berman, R. and Mate, C. R., Phil. Mag. (8) 3, 161-69 (May 1958)
Other References:
Dranen, J. Wan, J. Chem. Phys. 23, 213 (Jan. 1955)
Keesom, W. H., Helium, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1942)
Rosenbaum, B. and Atkins, R., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 1, 218 (1956)
Dijk, H. and Durieux, M. , Progress in Low Temperature Physics, Wol.
II,
Wan
North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1957) 180 pp.
Comments:
The Absolute temperature scale (0°C = 273.16°K) was used in the - table
of selected values below.
Temp.
2.2O
* | * Hv
22.8
Temp.
*
l.00
Hv
|lººr
21.9
2. l;0 23.l l; .20 20.9
2.60 23.3 li.l.0 l9.7

2.80 23.5 l!.60 l8.0
3.00 23.7 l, .8O 15.6
3.20 23.6 5.OO l2.0

3.l;0 23.5 5.10 8.99
3.60 23.2 5.15 6.70
3.80 22.7 5.18 l!.00
II–E–2
HELIUM
Properties of SaturatedLiquid andSaturatedVapor”
Temp Pressure| Volume(cm"/g) Enthalpy(j/g) Entropy(j/g °K) Temp Pressure| Volume(cm’/g) Enthalpy(j/g) Entropy(j/g °K)
°K atm S.t. Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat °K atm Sat Sat Sat. Sat Sat Sat
Liquid Vapor Liquid| Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid | Vapor Liquid || Vapor Liquid Vapor
3.0 0.2hl 7.085 22h.l 5.30 28.96 2.356 lO.2]'ſ . l.0 0.8ll 7.779|| 73.86 8.8l 30.72 3.255 8.736
Hiſ
3.2 0.320 7.185 l7).8 5.85 29.18 2.527 9.9ll l. 2 0.990 7.989|| 60.6l 9.85 30.79 3.l;60 8.
3
HT
().
l. l.90
lſ.
O.liló 29.93 2.690 9.606 8.231 ||9.80
H
7.303 lix8.7
3.
10.96 30.65
8.
3.671 150
|| || ||
H
||
||
H39 lll 7.18 30.3H 2.883 9.322 H.6 Hl'ſ
7.
.5
3.6 O.529 8.5||7 ||O.72 l2.33 30.32
l.
3.920 7.8115
19
0.66l 7.93 30.59 3.059 9.02] .8 l.672 h.188
l,
3.8 7.597 90.50 9.033 32.87 l3.88 29.
7.
h73
9.0 l.959 9.940 25.67 16.00 28.02 .598 7.OOO
l;
||
&
Frompublisheddata National Bureau Standards,TechnicalNoteNo. 15l. (Jan 1962)
of
in
Properties Liquid andVapor"
of
Temp atm atm
=
atm 10atm
=
0.5 atm
=
=
=2
P
5
P
P
P
l
°K (Sat temp 3.56°K) (Sat temp 1.2]“K) (Sat temp 5.03°K)
=
=
V V
V
S
V
h
S
V
h
S
S
h
S
T
j/g
j/g
cm”/g j/g j/g°K cm"/g J/g'K cm/g j/g°K cm”/g j/g j/g°K cm”/g j/g j/g°K
|
|
H3H'ſ
(Sat Liq) 2.8.l. 8.Ol 10.0 10.l8 16.5 .67
8. 3.
7.0
7.
lil
l;
(Sat Vapor) ll'7.6 30.2 9.38 59.83 30.9 21.33 27.7 6.90
39 31.
6.99 5. 2.32 6.87 6.3 2.28 0.60 8. 2.J.T 30 10. 2.O'5

2.
7.06 5.5
, (,Ó
8 6 5 l;3
"
2 .5( l
( ( .93 J
ll,0.l 7.
3.
T.TO 8.9 3.23 h5 9.3 0.99 10. 2. .5 2.TH
3.
li.
32.9 lo. l.2
'ſ
L
l
ll.
(. {,
38.0 82.88 36.2 T3.6l 9.36 lº.9 H.55 7.71 ll. 3.82 ºff, l{
li.3.
l86.3 li.T
231.H lili. 12.38 108.1 l;2. 10.76 h5.83 38.2 8.90 9.59 2l. 5.02 Cl 20. 2;
|| || ||
1
3
|| || | |
53.8 12, 8.21,

i Hl
3.18.3 55.0 13.95 15l. 72.35 5l. 10.78 23.7h H3.3 lC.(.h 33. 6.08
3
3
lO 30l. 65. 15. 198.1 H.8 13.6l 95.82 62.9 12.09 35.Ol 57.6 9.8l. l(, .O.) 50. 7.92
ll
||
7
l
7l
6ll. lSO. 90.5 lº. 32 l2.28 28.88 10.6l.

h.
lº 92.0 17.27 30 91.5 15.8]. 58.89 87.5 83.9

T
3
l,08.6 ll liO.
31 ul
7.
2O 8.2 l8.78 15.86
5.
818.5 7.8 l'7.32 203.7 80.9% 3.88 ll2. 12.33
ll. ll
ll
ll. ll
||
7
l
lil h9
25 l,025 ll, l.2 19.9l, 512.2 H.0 18. 256.0 3.5 l?.0l. 102.' 112.3 lS.08 %l.50 ll;0.5 l3.57
| |
| |
30 l230 170.3 20.89 615.I 170.1 19, 3C7.9 l69.8 17.99 123.6 l68.9 l6.06 62. 167.7 .56
ll.
l;0 10hl 222.3 22.39 82l. 222.2 20.9l, Hll. 222.l lſy.50 165.H 22l. 17.57 83.5L 22l. l6. 10
.
3
7
3
3
H9
|| || |
00 21,62 326.2 2H. 1232 326.3 23.05 617.2 326.3 21.6l 248. 326.H 19.(O l25.3 326.8 l8.21
73
23.ll
H3
|
16
2l. 20
||.
8O 3283 30. 25.99 30.2 55 822. 30.3 30. 30.7 l66. H31.5 19.75
l,
l,
l,
l,
‘ſ
'ſ
2
l
lOO HlC3 531.0 27.15 2053 531. 25.7l lO28 531, 2|,.27 3.0 53h.9 22.36 203.0 535.8 20.9l
lil
3
..
l
l2O h923 637.9 28.09 2163 638.0 26.65 l233 638.2 25.21 h95.1 638.9 23.31 2119.2 l;0.0 21.86
6
|| || || | ||
|| |
2. ll
38
ll;0
ll,
57.3 hl. 28.90 2873 7||l.9 27.H6 712. 26.01 577.3 7|12.9 2.90.3 Yul. 22.67
1
7
T
l80 7383 919.A 30.20 3693 919.6 28.76 l8l,8 919.9 27.32 7ll. 950.7 25. (2.5 'yº)
2.2 23.J'ſ
16A
2
5
36
22O l,5ll llyſ/.6 26. 1160.1
.6
902h 57.2 31.2% ll.97.3 29.80 2259 28. 905.6 ll.98.5 h9i 25.O2
ll
t
|| || ||
260 lC66l. l36H.9 32.ll 5334 l365. 30.67 2669 l365.3 29.23 lOTO l366. 27.33 536.6 367.'ſ 29.8%
O
13
l
6151, 123, l;71.
Hl
3079 1573.I 29.97 28.O'ſ l8.
(,
300 1230l. 1572.6 32.85 1572.7 31. 1579.7 26.63
7
l;0 atm 60 atm 80 atm 100atm
=
Temp 20 atm
=
=
=
P
P
P
P
°K
12
l6.0 l.88 27. l.66 l. 50

5.
5.90 5.12 37.5

l.
865 l 3
H9
2.Ol l,8.9
(8
6.06 5.52 29.2 2.2O 5.20 39.2 H.96 l.86
3.3. 2.
!, l, !,
1.
l8.7
(),
98.3
,
ll .81,
2.
6.28 2l. 5.65 31. 2. 5.28 lil. l.9 5.03 50.9 2.32 (20.2 2.18
H
3
3
T
3
21.6 5,ll 2.96,

5.
6.59 70 3.H. 3.21 39 3.7 2.93 53. 2. (2 .ºl 02.

l,
5.80
li 3 3
lj
l
l
l,0.6
32 li8
l;9.5
H.
l.9l .22
5.
5.66
6.l. 3.
7.56 33. 3.75 32 58. 5.07 6'ſ. 3.28

6. 6
l.
l
10 l;5.0 6.2% T9 h9.7 5.lº 6.Ol 57.5 h.65 5.57 65.9 5.27 7|, .07
!,
9.13
lj
..
ll. .80 8.86 82. 6.66 6. HO
7.
78. 8.9% 77. HO 7.20 89.2 19 5.90 96.0 5.86

A
9
3
ll. 119 ll0.2 l;5 ll 5. 121.6

7.
20 20.70 109.2 1Q.T2 107.H 9. 12 8.73 8.25 7.69 6.69 T.29

3
H8H3
HTH'ſ
ll. 28
| | |
10.h7 l38.9 9.53 8.66 ll.2.8 7.6l lhö.0
9. 8.
25 26.39 l38.2 12.02 l36.9 10. 8.92
||
31.9l, ll.
Ol
30 166.2 13. 17.OT 165.( l2.29 l6'ſ. lO.58 9.96 lT0.9 9.9l 8.6l l75. H
5
h() 12.76 220.9 lll .6l 22.57 22l. lº 10 lj.9l 223.9 l2. 20 l2.67 227.l ll. 56 lC).T3 23.l..O ll. O7
.
T
330.2 lj. 30 ll. H2

|
.
16
60 63.92 327.6 l6.78 33.31 23. 333.5 l8.10 337.2 l3.80 l3.07 3||l. l3. 31
C.3
Hl,
36
l;5.1
Hl
8O 81.78 3.86 36. 16.83 30.2 |(). l3.97 23.

5 ),
117
33.0 18.30 lº. 39 19. lº. 87

l,
l,
}
3J 7
l.
J.
(
| .
|| |
lſ)O l?. 15 16.06

h.
lC5.5 537.9 19. 30 5112.2 18.Ol 3/.25 916. 28.73 55l. l6.5 23.6i 556.T
l;
V
l2O l26.2 612.l 20.l;2 64.69 6||7.3 l8.96 hh.2l 52. 18.ll 33.97 (.6 l'7.90 27.82 toty2.8 l'ſ .03
.
5l. ll
31
ll.0 l!;6.8 7|16. 21.22 79.05 752.0 19.77 ‘(5/. l8.92 39.19 762.9 18. 32.0l. (U&. 17.3),
||
7
,
)
| || |
18O 188.0 955. 22.53 95.(O 960.9 21.08 6}.95 906, .9 20.21. h9.5"/ J72.8 9.03 '10.3% (8.8 16.
l,
*
l
22O 229. ll63.2 23.58 lló. lló9. 22.13 78.7l ll'75. 21.28 59.92 ll32.O 20.68 118.03 1188. 20.22
H
||
7
||
|
iil,
l l
260 27C). l371.2 2h. l36.9 1377.7 23.00 92.HS 1381.2 22.16 70.21; 2l. 99 96.90
2.
1390.8 139'ſ.3 el.

51,
Q
16
300 3ll. 1579. 25.19 lj7. 1585.8 23.75 106.2 1592.6 22.90 80. lj9%. 22.30 65. lf,0ſ, 21.8%
H
v
2
3
l
Frompublisheddata, National Bureau Standards,TechnicalNotelºl (Jan 1962)

of
*
Boldhorizontal line indicates phasechange(liquid above,vaporbelowthe line).

Conversionsfor Units, to Equivalentin British Systemof Units:
by
To converttemperature degreesKelvin (°K) degreesRankine(“R), multiply (“K)

to
1.8
in in in in
by
To convertpressure atmospheres (psia), multiply (atm) 14.6

to
(atm)
in
by
To convertvolume(v) cubic centimetersper gram(cm/g) (cu ft/lb), multiply (cm/g)

to
.016018
by
TO convertenthalpy(h) joules per gram(J/g) (Btu/lb), multiply (J/g)

to
.2993
by
“K
To convertentropy(s) joules per gram (j/g°K) (Btu/lb’R), multiply (J/g"K)

to
.23885
II–F–1
H-S D|AGRAM
FOR HELIUM
TEMPERATURE, (T) °K
PRESSURE,(P) dtm
DENSITY,
( p, g/cm3
NotionolBureouofStondords
Cryogenic
Engineering
Laboratory
Boulder,
Colorado
5O 7.5 |OO 12.5 15.O 17.5 2OO

ENTROPY, Joules /g •K
Prepared
from:
National of;tındards,
Pureau Hote,
Technicat tºº,ºn
TN y:* ,
nun:
ſher-,1,ratt
“Th" - Propertſ
::ºfHer
,, " ſumtrom
3to3&
Du
“Kbetween
O."
ºntº
A.21
":"
Atmºspheres",
Dougi Mºſul, ºrvºwer, Center, tºureux,
tº at
as
H. Until
tº
3*.*n\}ºrtià,
toulder,rºle,
D.1
8
c
C.1
ka
Mºnrºy, (January
Er
F.
L.
.
l.
..
II–F–2
TURE-ENTROPY CHART
FOR HELIUM
PRESSURE,(P) d?m
DENSITY,
(p) q / cm.”
ENTHALPY,(H) Joules/ Q
Notional
BureouofStondords
Cryogenic
Engineering
Laboratory
Boulder,
Colorado
8 9 IO || |2 |3 14 15 I6 I7 |8 19 20
ENTROPY, Joules / g "K Prºpared
from: 12:18,
Nat hºurt
au Štandards,
Technict,
I Notc.,
Til;,,January
1tº,
Thermodynaſtic
Propertoof
fHe;
...
by
"The it's furfrom

3to300
"Ktºrtween and
10C
',
Atmºspheres",
Exoug Mººnſ, CryogenicCenter,
B.
+ of
Lºs
$t.atidiards,
"Juider,
Colly!'t the Date National
Bureau
do.
:
McCarty, (January
D.
R.
k)
Ericks
L.
1
J.
II–F–3
TEMPERATURE - ENTROPY CHART
FOR HELIUM
PRESSURE,(P) ofm
DENSITY,
(e) q/ cm3
ENTHALPY,(H) Joules/ Q
Notional
Bureau
ofStandards
Engineering
Cryogenic Laboratory
Boulder,
Colorodo
|5O
H-250Joules/Q
|
2O 25
ENTROPY, Joules /g *K
II–F–4
O.2
THERMAL CONDUCT | V |TY
of L | QU | D HEL | UM
O,26
O, 24
O. 22
O. 20
O. : 8
2.5 3. O 3, 5 4. O
TEMPERATURE , *K
II-G-1. 1
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of LIQUID HELIUM
(at Saturation)
Source of Data:
Grenier, C., Phys. Rev. 83, No. 3, 589-603 (1951)
Other References:
Bowers, I. R., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) A65, 5ll-ló (1952)

Brewer, D. F. and Edwards, D. O. , Proc. Phys. Soc. (London)
Tl, ll'7-125 (1958)
Fairbank, H. A. and Wilks, J., Phys. Rev. 95, 277-8 (July 1951)
Comments:
The thermal conductivity is a linear function of temperature

between 2.5° and l;.5°K.
The Absolute Temperature Scale (0°C = 273.16°K = 1.9l. 56°R) was

used in the table of selected values below.
Temperature Thermal Conductivity

milliwatts BTU
°K *R
cm- “K FEThrºR
2.3 H.ll. 0.lòl 0.010 H5
65
2. H.32 ..l.95 .010
li.
2.6 lº.68 ..l.95 Oll 25

.
2.8 5.0l. .205 .0ll 81

.2ll; Olº
5.
3. 35
It
O
3.5 6.3 .238 Ol3 Tl

.
H.0 7.2 .262 Olj

l
.
lº.2 .27l ..Ol;

65
7.56
II–G–1.2
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
-- -
|
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
- --
-
-
of GASEOUS HELIUM
.2
|
neqr Otmosphere
O
,8
:
,6
,4
50
O
O
|5
|OO 2OO - 25 3OO

,
TEMPERATURE *k
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of GASEOUS HELIUM
(Near One Atmosphere)
Source of Data:
Akin, S. W., Trans. ASME 72, 75l-57 (Aug. 1950)
Other References:
Amdur, I., J. Chem. Phys. 15, No. 7, 182-85 (July 1917)
Hawkins, G. A., Trans. ASME TO, 655 (1918)
Hilsenrath, J. and Touloukian, Y. S., Trans. ASME 76, No. 6 (Aug. 1954)
Kannuluik, W. G. and Carman, E. H., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) B65,
No. 393, 701-9 (Sept. 1952)
Keyes, F. G., Trans. ASME T3, 589 (July 1951)
Keyes, F. G., Trans. ASME 76, No. 5, 809–16 (July 1954)
Waelbrock, P. Zuckerbrodt, J. Chem. Phys. 28, 523 (1958)
Comments:
The Absolute temperature scale (0°C = 273.16°K = 191.56°R) was used

in the table below.

milliwatts BTU
°K *R °F
CIn ft. hir
5.38 9.69 -l:50 0.109 0.0063

10.9k 19.69 || -ll:0 O. l83 O.Oloé
16.19 29.69 -l:30 O. 230 O. Ol33
22.05 39.69 -l;20 O.277 O.OlóO

27.61 l;9.69 —llo O.322 O.Ol36
33.16 59.69 -l:00 O.363 O.O2l O
88.72 159.69 –300 O.692 0.0l.00

llil; .27 259.69 –2OO O.95 O.O55O
199.83 359.69 —l OO l.l6. O.O673
255.38 l:59.69 O l. 37 O.O792

366.19 659.69 2OO l. 73 O. loCO
II–G–2. 2
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LIQUID HELIUM
Sources of Data:
Wolfke, M., and Onnes, H. K. (1924), Further Experiments with Liquid Helium. Wolfke on
the Dielectric Constant of Liquid Helium. , Verslag Gewone Vergader. Afdeel. Natuurk.
Ned. Akad. Wetenschap. 33,696–700; Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden No. 17 lb (1924);
Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 27, 621 (1921); C.A. 19, 758 (1925).
Wolfke, M., and Keesom, W. H. (1927), On the Change of the Dielectric Constant of
Liquid Helium with the Temperature. Provisional Measurements. , Verslag Gewone
Vergader. Afdeel. Natuurk. Ned. Akad. Wetenschap. 36, 1209–17; Communs. Phys. Lab.
Univ. Leiden No. 199a (1927); Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 31, 81-89 (1928);
C.A. 22, 1896 (1928). .
Wolkfe, M., and Keesom, W. H. (1928), New Measurements About the Way in which the
Dielectric Constant of Liquid Helium Depends on the Temperature. , Verslag Gewone
*:::
Vergader. Afdeel. Natuurk: Ned. Akad. Wetenschap. 37, 533-39; Proc. Acad. Sci.
Keesom,
800-06 (1928); Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden No. 192a (1928);
C.A. 22, 1,318 (1928).
(1912), Helium, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, page 322.

W. H.
Benedicks, C. (1918), On the Nature of "Suprafluid" Helium II., Arkiv. Mat. Astron.
Fysik 35A, No. 10, 1-21; C.A. 3, 155 (1919). *
Grebenkemper, C. J., and Hagen, J. P. (1950), The Dielectric Constant of Liquid Helium. ,
Phys. Rev. 80, 89; C.A. h5, 106 (1951).
Maryott, A. A., and Smith, E. R. (1951), Table of Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids. ,
Natl. Bur. Standards Circ. No. 5ll; C. A. lé, 2357 (1952).
Lynch, E. J. (1956), On the Lambda Point in Liquid Helium. , Duke University, Master's
Thesis.
Chase, C. E., Maxwell, E., and Millett, W. E. (1961), The Dielectric Constant of Liquid
Helium. , Physica 27, llag-H5; Maxwell, E., Chase, C. E. and Millett, W. E. , (1958),
Dielectric Constant of Liquid Helium. , Low Temperature Physics and Chemistry, 53-56,
Proc. 5th Intern. Conf. held at Madison, Wisc. , Aug. 1957; University of Wisconsin
Press, Madison, l958.
Comments:
Wolfke and Onnes determined the dielectric constant of liquid helium at 765 mm and H.2°K
by means of high-frequency oscillations by a method elaborated by Wolfſke at the Physical
Institute of the Technical High School at Warsaw. They found a value of l. Olć # 0.001 at
765 mm and l.2°K.
II–H–1.1
(cont.)
Wolfke and Keesom report two sets of data on the variation of the dielectric constant
with temperature between l.8 and l.2°K at pressures between 10 and 760 mm of Hg in what
they refer to as provisional measurements. They regarded the second set of measurements
as less reliable than the first, but both sets showed a discontinuity at the X point.
In a second paper Wolfke and Keesom report additonal values between 2.0 and l,.2°K at
pressures from 20 to 757 mm of Hg.
Wolfke and Keesom made their determinations employing a radio frequency of 500 kc and
quote an accuracy of t 0.00l. From optical data they calculate the value of the
dielectric constant of liquid helium at the normal boiling point to be l.0495, differing
by only 0.14% from the value of l.0480 of Wolfke and Onnes.
Keesom in his book Helium, page 323, calculated the value from optical data to be l.0491,
differing by only 0.ll; from the value of Wolfke and Onnes. In addition, Keesom states:
"As a matter of fact we are now convinced that a jump in the dielectric constant does
not exist, but that a discontinuity in the course of the dielectric constant is in fact
a discontinuity in the derivative to temperature, just as is the case in the curve of
the density."
Commenting on the dielectric constant, Benedicks states: "Due to the ionization admitted,
it is to expect considerable change of this constant to occur near the lambda
natural
point. As a matter of fact, the curve dielectric constant versus temperature is the only
one where an actual discontinuity has been supposed to occur in the lambda range - it was
actually drawn as if it corresponded to a phase transition. Even if, as Keesom says, a
jump in the dielectric constant is now considered not to exist, the change at the lambda
point appears to be still more obvious for the dielectric constant than for any other
property known." -
e
Grebenkemper and Hagen made measurements of the dielectric constant of liquid helium at
a series of temperatures and obtained values between l.62 and 1.21°K. Their data are
consistently higher by 0.1% than those of Wolfke and Keesom.
Maryott and Smith have compiled six values at l atmosphere and temperatures from 2.06
to l;.l.9°K.
Lynch presents dieletric constant data in graphical form for the range l. 75 to 3.25°K.
These values are indicated to be in agreement with Wolfke and Keesom's results.
Chase, Maxwell, and Millett quote no numerical data, but a graph of their results
illustrates agreement with the curve of Grebenkemper and Hagen down to about 2.6°K but
is somewhat higher near and below
- the lambda point. The difference reaches a maximum
of about 0.03% at l.6°K.
II–H–l. 2
(cont.)
Wolfſke and Keesom

lst Set (1927) (lg28)
Temp. Pressure Dielectric Temp. Pressure Dielectric
°K mm Hg Constant °K mm Hg Constant
1.21 766.5 l. OlćO H.l.9 75l.0 l.018

2.6l. 82.9 l,0566 3.57 377.2 1.05179
2.55 69.6 l. O576 3.59 387.2 l.0517h
2. l;8 60.1 l, O579 3.09 l89.6 l.05377
2.39 19.8 l.O582 3.58 385.8 l.05165
2.28 38.1 l.0590 2.6l. 83.6 l.05535
: : i;
2. l.2 25.8 l.O577 3.09 l88.9 l.05391;
l.90 l3.8 l.0580 2. 31.l HO.l l.O5579
2.630 82.3 l. O5525
;
2nd Set (1927) 2.296 38.8 l.05591;
Temp.
Pressure Dielectric
K mm Hg Constant
i:
2. 335 l;2.5 l.05573
2.282 37.5 l.O5580
ſº: l.
º:
2.295 38.65 O5593
*::::::
#.
© & t 2.295
2.279
38.66
37.2
l.05586
l,05585
2.26 T36.2 l.0582
2.24
2.286 37.9 l.O558l
e
731.l l.0581 l,
2.20 2.055 2O. T. l.05519
ſº T3.l.l
wº l.0581
e
2.276 37.0 l.0558,
2.l.9 730.2 l.O579 e
2.ll 2.0l.
& 20.0 l.05575
e
724.9 l.O577
2.03 719.9 l.0579
l.80 710.l l.0576
l. 75 708.8 l.O575
Maryott and Smith (1951)

(atmospheric pressure)
Temp. Dielectric
°K Constant
2.06 l.0555
2.30 l. O559
2.63 l.0553
3.09 l.0539
3.58. l.0518
H. l9 1.Olſ&O
Grebenkemper and Hagen (1950)

(atmospheric pressure)
Temp. Dielectric
°K Constant
H.2l l. Ol;92
3.04 l.0551;
2.6l, l.O568
2.25 1.057,
2. l.9 l.0571,
l.97 l.057l
l.62 l.0569
Reprinted from NBS 8252
II–H–1. 3
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS HELIUM
Sources of Data:
Hochheim, E. (1908), Bestimung der Dielektrizitatskonstante von Helium. (Determination

of the Dielectric Constant of Helium.), Verhandl. deut. physik. Ges. 10, likó; C.A. 2,
3175 (1908).
* Koch, J. (1913), The Dispersion of Gaseous Substances in the Ultraviolet Spectrum. ,

Arkiv Mat. Astron. Fysik 8, No. 20; C.A. 1, 2711 (1913).
* Koch, J. (1913), The Dispersion of Light in Gases in the Ultraviolet Region., Arkiv Mat.
Astron. Fysik 2, No. 6; P.A. 17, 233 (1911).
Watson, H. E.,
Rao, G. G., and Ramaswamy, H. L. (1931), The Dielectric Coefficients of
Gases. Part I. The Rare Gases and Hydrogen., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) liºA, 569-85;
C.A. 25, 5320 (1931).
Cuthbertson, C., and Cuthbertson, M. (1932), The Refraction and, Dispersion of Neon and
Helium., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) iſſ,
10; C.A. 26, 2093 (1932).
Van Itterbeek, A.,and Spaepen, J.

(1913), Mésures sur la Constante Diélectrique de
Quelques Gaz non Polaires (Hº, D*, He, 0°, et l'Air) et CO Entre la Température
Ordinaire et 20°Abs. (Measurements of the Dielectric Constants of Several Non-polar
Gases (H2, De, He, O2 and Air) and CO Between Ordinary Temperature and 20°Abs.),
Physica 10, 173–84; C.A. 38, 5ll;2 (1911).
Hector, L. G., and Woernley, D. L. (1916), The Dielectric Constants of Eight Gases. , Phys.
Rev. 69, lol-5; C.A. lio, 2366 (1946). -
Jelatis, J. G. (1948), Measurements of Dielectric Constant and Dipole Moment of Gases by

the Beat-Frequency Method. , J. Appl. Phys. 19, 119-25; C.A. l.2, 6593 (1918).
Miller, J. G. (1918), VI. Dielectric-Constant and Refractivity Data., Trans. A.S.M.E. 70,
645-9; C.A. l.2, 7117 (1948).
Clay, J., and Van der Maesen, F. (1919), The Absolute Dielectric Constant of Gases at
Pressures of 0-80 Atm. at 25°C., Physica 15, 167–80; C.A. lili, 3318 (1950).
Birnbaum, G. , Kryder, S. J., and Lyons, H. (1951), Microwave Measurements of the Dielectric
Properties of Gases. , J. Appl. Phys. 22, 95-102; C.A. l.2, 32.13 (1951).
Khaikin,
º: M. B., and Prozorova, L. A. (1952), The Measurement of the Dielectric Constant of

Helium. (In Russian), Zhur. Eksptl. i Teoret. Fiz. 23, 733-k; C.A. l.
T.,
5196
l953).
Essen, (1953), The Refractive Indices Water Vapour, Air, Oxygen, Nitrogen, #;"
of
L.
Deuterium and Helium. Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 66B, 189-93; C.A. 17, 9083f (1953).
,
Maryott, A., and Buckley, (1953), Table Dielectric Constants and Electric Dipole
of
F.
A.
Moments of Substances in the Gaseous State. Natl. Bur. Standards. Circ. 537;
,
C.A. H.T., 10928 (1953).

J., and Cole, (1959), Dielectric Constant and Pair Interactions
in
Oudemans,
G.
H.
R.
Helium and Argon., Chem. Phys. 31, 81.3-l; C.A. 5, 5191 (1960).
J.
Gaseous
Johnston, R., J., and Cole, (1960), Dielectric Constants Imperfect

of
Oudemans,
G.
D.
H.
R.
Helium, Argon, Nitrogen, and Methane. Chem. Phys. 33, l:310-17; 55,
I.
J.
C.
A.
Gases.
,
l;032 (1961).
Comments:
Using the electrostatic method, Hochheim 1908 reported the dielectric constant
in
of
value
a
of gaseous helium of l.OOOO7l, O.OOOOOly, very much in line with the best of recent deter
it
minations. He stated that the value agreed well with the value calculated from the data
Rayleigh (l.0000812), Ramsay (l.OOOO721),
of
of
on
and Scheel (l.OOOO662) the index
II-H-2.1
(cont.)
refraction (n), using Maxwell's relation D = r^.
Watson et al., measured the dielectric constant by the heterodyne beat method at 25 and
-191°C. They report values of l.0000667 and l.000065, for 25°C and 760 mm, determined
from measurements at 25 and -l91°C respectively. They also report values of l.0000728
and l.0000713 for 0°C and 760 mm, determined from measurements at 25 and -191°C respective
ly. These values are compared with those given by optical methods where the square of the
index of refraction at 0°C as measured at infinite wavelength is given as l.0000696. This
value is apparently an average of values as determined by C. and M. Cuthbertson, Scheel,
and Siertsema. Van Itterbeek and Spaepen give values at 20.38, 90.22 and 292.3°K.
Hector and Woernley report an average of eleven determinations of 1,0000684:0.0000005

using the heterodyne beat method. This value is reported as at NTP which probably means
0°C and l atmosphere.
Cuthbertson and Cuthbertson report an index of refraction which through the Cauchy
relation yields a dielectric constant of l.0000692 at 0°C and l atmosphere. The work of
Jelatis was concerned mainly with removing the small errors inherent in previous methods
of measuring dielectric constants. The helium they used was carefully purified by keeping
it in contact with activated charcoal immersed in a bath of liquid nitrogen. He reports.
a value of l.0000692 as the average of eight determinations when the charcoal had been
freshly activated, l.0000695 as the average in the case of five determinations using
charcoal which had been left standing for several weeks, and finally l.0000691 as the
average of eight determinations using freshly activated charcoal. All the above values
are at 0°C and l atm. (STP), using the heterodyne beat method.
Miller presents a review of dielectric constant and refractivity data. He includes a
compilation of dielectric constant values for 0°C and atmosphere. l
Because index of
refraction data extrapolated to infinite wavelenth are regarded as a more accurate source
of dielectric constant values, Miller gives for comparison values of né.
Clay and Van der Maesen determined values of the dielectric constants by a heterodyne
beat method at 298.15°K and from 0 to 80 atmospheres and report a value for helium of
l.000063 + 0.000002 at NTP (Probably 25°C and atm). l
Birnbaum, Kryder, and Lyons made measurements of the dielectric constant of helium at
9280 Mc by a resonant cavity method and report a value of l.0000705 + 0.000Coll for 0 °C
and 760 mm of Hg.
Khaikin and Prozorova made measurements on gaseous helium at 2.l38, 3.45|l, and l. l.20 °K by
determining the change in resonance frequency at 9500 Mc and report a value of l.OOOO690
it 0.0000003 for 0°C and l atmosphere. t
Essen reports the index of refraction of gaseous helium at 0°C and 760 mm of Hg as
l.OOOO35. Using the relation e = n°, we obtain e = OOOOTO. l.
Maryott and Buckley made a critical review of dielectric constants obtained by radio
frequency, microwave and optical methods and recalculated by one of two systematic
procedures in order to place the work of various experimentors on a more comparable basis
than exists in the literature. They recommend a value of l.0000650 + 0.000000l. at 20 °C
and l atmosphere.
Johnston et al. indicate graphically the behavior of the Clausius-Mossotti function at

296 °K up to a density of 3 moles/liter; but no dielectric constant values are given.
Oudemans and Cole discuss the dielectric constant and pair interactions in gaseous helium
and argon as related to the Clausius-Mossotti function. Their results, presented
graphically, indicate that the Clausius-Mossotti expression (e - l)/
p (e + 2) varies
linearly from 522 x 10° liters/mole at zero density and 23.1°C to 520 x 10-6 liters/mole at
a density of 3.6 moles /liter
(100 atmospheres pressure) and 23.1°C.
II–H–2. 2
(cont.)
Van Itterbeek and Spaepen (1913)
Temp. Pressure Dielectric

°K mm Hg Constant
292.3 756 l.OOOO65
292.3 758 l.OOOO76
292.3 762 l.000065
90.22 762 l.000229
90.22 759 l.000210
20.38 763 l.OOO969
20.38 758 l.000969
Clay and Van der Maesen (1919)

(at 298.15°K)
Pressure Dielectric
atm Constant
5. 70 l.OOOl;29
16.9l l.OOl.0l.9
21.86 l.001369
33.03 l.OOlT79
39.57 l.OO2.168
l;9.50 l.002753
60.19 l.003438
61.10 l.00348l
65.08 l.OO3772
Reprinted from NBS 8252
II–H–2. 3
SURFACE TENSION
O.4O of LIQUID HELIUM
O. 20
2 3 4. 5
TEMPERATURE, *K
II–I-1
SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUID HELIUM
Source of Data: Van Urk, T. A., Keesom, W. H. and Onnes, H.K.,

Commun. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden No. 179a (1925)
Allen, J. F. and Misener, A. D., Proceedings of

the Cambridge Philosophical Society 34, 299
(1938)
Other References: Keesom, W. H., Helium, Elsevier, Amsterdam

(1942) 494 pp.
Atkins, K. R., Can. J. Phys. 31, lló5-69 (1953)
COmments : The absolute temperature scale (0°C 273.15°K) -

was used in the table of selected values below.
The values in this table are from a smoothed
curve down through the data points of the
SOll Y Ce S •
Surface Tension
O
Temp , K Dynes/cm
l.0 0.347
l .5 0.334
2.0 0.3 lo
2.5 0.264
3. O O . 213
3.5 0. l66
4.0 0. ll 6
4.2 O . 098
4.5 68%
...
O
O
5.0 20
...
O
5.2 OO
O
&
.
*Extrapolated values
II–I-2
VISCOSITY of
L|QUID HELIUM
TEMPERATURE, *K
II—J–1.1
WISCOSITY of LIQUID HELIUM
Source of Data:
Taylor, R. D. and Dash, J. G., Phys. Rev. 106, No. 3, 398-403
(May 1957).
Other References :
Giauque, W. R., et. al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61, 65%-60 (March 1939)
Woods, A. D. B. and Hollis Hallett, A. C., Can. J. Phys. 36,
253–ll25 (1958)
Dash, J. G., and Taylor, R. D., Phys. Rev. 101, No. 5, 1228-1237
(Sept. 1957)
Comments:
The absolute temperature (0°C - 273.16°K) was used in the table

of selected values below.
Temp. Wiscosity
•K micropoise
2.186 * 27.8
2.2 28.9
2.3 32.6
2.l. 35.0
2.6 37.3
2.8 37.8
3.0 37.6
3.2 37.l.
3.4 37.0
3.6 36.7
3.8 36.3
l.0 36.0
* X-Point Transition Temperature
II—J–1.2
2 OO 2OO
VISCOSITY of
GASEOUS HELIUM
ds of one of mosphere
| 5O | 5O
| O O I OO
5O 5 O
50 |OO 150 2OO 25O 3OO

TEMPERATURE, "K
II—J–2. 1
WISCOSITY of GASEOUS HELIUM
(as of l atmosphere)
Source of Data:
Akin, S. W., Trans. ASME 72, 751-57 (Aug. 1950)
Other References :
Hawkins, G. A., Trans. ASME TO, 655 (1948)

Hilsenrath, J. and Touloukian, Y. S., Trans. ASME 16, No. 6 (Aug. 1954)
Keller, w. E., Phys. Rev. 105, 41-5 (Jan. 1957)
Keyes, F. G., Trans. ASME 13, 589 (July 1951)
Kestin, J. and Pelarczyk, K., Trans. ASME 76, 987-999 (1954)
-
Kestin, J. and Wang, H. E., Trans. ASME 80, ll (1958)
Amdur, I., J. Chem. Phys. 15, No. 7 (July 1917) *
Wan Itterbeek, F. W., Schapink, G. Van den J.,

Berg, G. J. and Van Beek,
H. J. M., Physica XIX, ll:8-1162 (1953)
Comments :
Values for viscosity are given for moderate pressures in the neighborhood
of one atmosphere. In this region the viscosity is practically independ
ent of pressure.
The absolute temperature scale (0°C = 273.16°K) was used in the table of
selected values below.
Temp. Wiscosity | Temp. Wiscosity

•
*K micropoise °K micropoise
5.5 10.k 125.0 lik

10.0 22.3 150.0 128
20.0 35.0 175.0 1H2
30.0 l;5.k. 200.0 155
l;0.0 5k.8 225.0 166
50.0 63.3 250.0 178
75.0 8l.9 275.0 191
100.0 99.0 300.0 2Ol
II—J–2.2
WELOCITY of SOUND in LIQUID HELIUM
Sources of Data:
Atkins, K. R. and Stasior, R. A.; Can. J. Phys. 31, llS6 (1953)
Chase, C. E.; Phys. Fluids l, 193 (1958)
Findlay, J. C. , Pitt, A. , Smith, H. G. and Wilhelm, J. O. ; Phys. Rev.
5l., 506 (1938)
Findlay, J. C. , Pitt, A. , Smith, H. G. and Wilhelm, J. O. 5 Phys. Rev.
56, 122 (1939)
Van Itterbeek, A., Forrez, G. and Teirlinck, M. ; Physica 23, 63 (1957)
Van Itterbeek, A., Forrez, G. and Teirlinck, M. ; Physica 23, 905 (1957)
Other References:
Atkins, K. R. and Osborne, D. W.; Phil. Mag. lil, 1078 (1950)
Atkins, K. R. and Chase, C. E.; Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) A61, 826 (1951)
Burton, E. F.; Nature, lll, 970 (1938)
Chase, C. E.; Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A220, lló (1953)
Pellam, J. R. and Squire, C. F.; Phys. Rev. 72, l.245 (1947)
Pippard, A. B. ; Phil. Mag. H2, 1209 (1951)
Van Itterbeek, A. and Forrez, G.; Physica 20, 133 (1951)

Van den Berg, G. J. , Van Itterbeek, A. , Van Aardenne, G. M. W. and
Herfkens, J. H. J.; Physica 21, 860 (1955)
COmments:
The values of velocity sound reported here are for ordinary sound in
of
He" and do not include the velocities of second sound also associated
with liquid helium. The data for the velocity of sound tabulated below
and illustrated on the graph are from the references listed above as
sources of data. The data for the Saturated Liquid (liquid at the boiling
point) listed in Table I,
are from the paper by Findlay, et al. With
additional data for Helium listed in Table IIfrom the paper by Chase. II
The values for pressures from 2.5 to 70 atm. tabulated in Table are III
from the paper by Atkins and Stasior. Additional data in Tables IV, V, VI,
VII illustrate the variation of the velocity of sound as a function of
frequency. These data are from the two papers by Wan Itterbeek, Forrez
and Teirlinck.
It will be noted that the graph indicates a discontinuity at the X point
(phase boundary between Helium and Helium I
The work of Findlay, II).
Pitt, Smith and Wilhelm showed a drop in the velocity of sound in liquid
Helium I
as the X point (2.19% K) was approached, and below the X point
the velocity rose again, as illustrated on the graph, however, no dis
continuous decrease in velocity was noted. However, Ehrenfest's thermo
dynamic relations for a phase change of the second order (one involving
no latent heat) require that there be a discontinuity in the velocity
of Sound at this point. The authors concluded that this failure to show
(Continued on following page)

II-K-1. 1
WELOCITY OF SOUND in LIQUID HELIUM (Cont.)
Comments: (cont.)
a decrease was due to the formation of bubbles. In order to check this

theory they repeated the experiment using pressures up to five atmospheres
in order to prevent the formation of bubbles. Under these conditions
the predicted discontinuity was observed, as illustrated below.
*O
;
N.
275
\- |S The Welocity of Sound

Helium under Various Pressures
in Liquid
: HA
\ts > I
(ſ)
250 - Vapor Pressure -
Dr.
II l
# -
– Atmosphere
E.
O \- III
III
z
>\Ts - 2. h7 Atmospheres
N
225 -
O
º - 5.5 Atmospheres
O
-
tº-N
200
Y
g Li QUID
iſs
d
|
|
> 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.O 4.0
TEMPERATURE, ok
.don 13 61
4
-
-
Pellam and Squire, working at normal evaporation pressures found no dis

continuity, and concluded that their results were due to the lack of
higher pressures as used in the experiments of Findlay et al. On
Strictly theoretical grounds, using numerous assumptions, Pippard con
cluded that the anomalous behavior at the point was due to inclusions
X.
of He II
in He immediately above the point, and inclusions of He
I
X
I
in He II
immediately below the point. Pippard also stated that these
X
10-7 cm, each consisting

of
inclusions should have mean radius 2.l.

a
of about 850 atoms, in order to explain the curves. In this way the
absence of the discontinuity required by Ehrenfest could be accounted
for. Atkins and Osborne determined the velocities below the point.
X
Atkins and Chase determined the velocity curve both above and below the
point and found no discontinuity. Their velocities were slightly
X
lower than those of Findlay et al. near the point. Atkins and Stasior
X
observed no discontinuities for the series of velocity—temperature

curves at constant pressure reported here. The work of Chase published
in 1953 and in 1958 is in close agreement with that of Findlay et al.
Van Itterbeek, Forrez and Teirlinck made measurements on the velocity of
Sound in liquid hºlium in the neighborhood of l’K with frequencies of
200, 500, 600, 800, and 1500 kilocycles per second. small minimum
A
was observed at 800 kilocycles per second for the velocity function
as
a
following
on
(Continued page)
II-K-l.
2
VELOCITY of SOUND in LIQUID HELIUM (Cont.)
Comments: (cont.)
of frequency which does not appear at the boiling point. These values
are tabulated in Tables IV and W. Wan Itterbeek, Forrez Teirlinck and
in article made the observations listed in Table WI, and
a second
stated that the velocity as a function of frequency is constant to With
in one part in 2400, and that the velocity seems to be constant as a
function of temperature. At the boiling point they found no difference
in the velocity using two frequencies, as shown in Table VII.
Table I. The Welocity of Sound for Saturated Liquidº

Temperature Velocity
°K m/sec
He I
lº.22 l'79.8
l.0 -
l89.2
3.6 2O6.5
2.5 223.3
2.20 22l. 2
He II w
2.18 22l. T
2.0 225.3
l. T6 231. H.
* Findlay, Pitt,
jj
Smith and Wilhelm
Table II. Velocity of Sound in Helium II*

Temp. Welocity Temp. Welocit,
°K (m/sec) °K
1.3 236.73 l.9 229. l;7

l.l. 236.35 2.0 226.68
l. 5 235.66 2.05 221.90
l.6 231.6l. 2.l.0 222.72
l.T 233.28 2. lº 220.2O
l.8 231.70 2.l79 218.00
* Chase
II-K-1. 3
Comments: (cont.)
Table III. The Velocity of First Sound in Liquid Helium+

Velocity of Sound, m/sec
Temp. Pressure, atm.
O Vapor
l;
TO
lo
50
60
K
||O
press. *-2 20 25 30 ||
||
| || 2
|
|
l.25 237 257 273 300 326|| 3116 365
||
||
|| ||
75 50
l. l.
235 256 272 299 325 31.5 362
||
||
|
233 252 270 298 323 31.2 355
||
l.80 232 25l 269 297 32l 339 352
||
||
l.90 229 21:9 267 295 318 333 ||3|8 372
||
||
||
||
||
2. OO 227 21,7| 265 292 312 336 358 379
||
||
2. lo 222 210 259 288 || 317|3|O 361 382
||
||
||
||
||
2. 20 219 210 259 293 322 31|| 366 385 ||l.9
||
||
||
||
||
||
2.25 22O 21:2 26l 295 323 31.5 367 386 ||2O
||
||
||
*
2.50 222 2ll 265 298 326||3|8 369 388 ||22 ||5l
||
||
||
||
||
3.00 218 21.2 26|| 298 327 319 37O 389 ||23 l;52 ||81 510
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
3.50 2O6 230 256 296 325 31.9 37O 389 ||23 l;52 181 510
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
|
l.00 l90 216 2116 290 32l 31||7 369 388 ||23 ||52 181 510
||
||
||
||
||
|
|
21,
li. 20 18O 206 285 318 31.5 368 387 ||22 l;52 l;81 510
l
||
||
||
||
||
||
Values above the line in the table are for Helium II, and below the
line for Helium I.
-
Atkins and Stasior

*
Table IV. Variation of Velocity of Sound with Frequency}
Temp. Press. Wel. Frequency Temp. Press. Wel. Frequency

|
°K mm Hg m/sec Kc/sec °K mm Hg m/sec Kc/sec
l.076 .2ll 238.05 218.59 l.ll6 .336 237.75 218.63

l.l.08 .315 238.05 218.56 l.l.23 .357 238.05 218.56
l.08l .250 237.75 513.12 l.ll6 .336 237. l;0 813.76
l.08l .250 237.75 512.76 l.ll:6 l.20 237.22 813. lil;
.
l.08l 621.Ol l.l.23 lºg.28

ll. ll
.250 237.57 .357 237.78

l.090 .273 237. l;8 800.33 l. 123 .357 237.69 T6.O5
l.O76 .2ll 237.8l ll,81.92 l.ll6 .336 237.6l. ll. T6.05
l.099 .291, 237.68 ll,76.05
Itterbeek, A., Forrez, Teirlinck, M.; Physica 23,

63
(1957)
G.
Van and
*
following
on
(Continued page)
II-K-1.4
Comments: (cont.)
Table W. Variation of Welocity of Sound with Frequency,
for Saturated Liquid:#
Temp. Pressure Velocity Velocity% Frequency
°K mm Hg m/sec m/šec Kc/sec
li.221 763.3 18O.38 l80.32 ll,69.92

l.216 761.2 l80.39 18O.18 ll,8l. 78
l; .222 761.3 18O.O8 18O.O5 8ll.lº
l; .223 765.l lT9.9l 179.9l 799.83
lº.222 76/.3 l8O.68 l80.65 623.60
l; .218 76.L.5 l80.37 18O.22 512.7O
H.2ll; 758.50 l8O. 5l. 180.21; 218.33
lº.226 767. Hl l80.Ol l80. LO 218.2l
* Wan Itterbeek, A., Forrez, G. and Teirlinck, M. ; Physica

-
23, 63 (1957) *
* Corrected to h.223°K
Table VI. Variation of Velocity of Sound with Frequency}}
Temp. Press. Velocity | Frequency Temp. | Press. Velocity | Frequency

°K mm Hg m/sec Ke/sec °K mm Hg m/sec Kc/sec
O.985 ..l.05 238.5l. 218.2% O.985 ..l.05 237.63 226.212

O.985 ..l.05 238.35 218. Ol? O. 985 ..l.05 237.63 523.03
O.985 ..l.05 238.27 2ll. 257 O.985 ..l.05 237.53 8OO. 37),
O.985 ..l.05 237.8l 226.385 O.997 .ll;6 237.73 ll.95.76

O.985 . 105 237.65 226.2kl - -
Table VII. Velocity of Sound at l; .223°K++
Frequency Velocity
Ke/sec m/sec
217.97 l80.69
226.7O6 l8O. l;9
226. |85 l8O.75
226.706 l8O. 59
*
M.;
Van Itterbeek, A., Forrez, G. and Teirlinck, Physica 23, 905 (1957)

II-K–1,
5
| 700
500
VELOCITY OF SOUND |6OO
|N
L|QUID HELIUM
|500
450
SOLIDIFICATION
CURVE —||400
400
|3OO
| 200
2O.O At m.
350
|| OO
|5. O
|OOO
3OO
90O
25O
8OO
H ELI UM DI
HEL | UM I 7OO
2OO
SATURATED
VAPOR PRESSURE
600
-
|.O 2.O 3O 4.O
TEMPERATURE, *K
II-K–1. 6
WELOCITY of SOUND in GASEOUS HELIUM
ources of Data:
Van Itterbeek, A. and Keesom, W. H., Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden
Commun. No. 209c (1930); Wis-en Natuurk. Tijdschr. 5, 69 (1930)
Keesom, W. H. and Van Itterbeek, A., Koninkl. Ned. Akad 31, 20' (1931);
Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden Commun. No. 213b (1931)
Wan Itterbeek, A. and Thys, L., Physica 5, 889 (1938)
Van Itterbeek, A. and Van Doninck, W., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 58,
615 (1916)
Van Itterbeek, A. and Van Doninck, W., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 62B,
-
62 (1919) -
Schneider, W. G. and Thiessen, G. J., Can. J. Research 28A, 509 (1950)

Van Itterbeek, A. and Forrez, G., Physica 20, 767 (1954)
Van Itterbeek, A. and De Laet, W., Physica 21, 59 (1958)
ther References:
Keesom, W. H. and Wan Itterbeek, A. , Koninkl, Ned Akad. Wetenschapen,
Proc. 33, lilio (1930); Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden Commun. No.
209a (1930)
Omments:
The values of the velocity of sound in gaseous helium are presented here
as functions of temperature and pressure, from temperatures of 2.078°K
to 290°K, and pressures from 0 to atmosphere. l
The velocity of Sound
at the vapor pressure at various temperatures is also given. The data
tabulated below and illustrated on the graphs are from the references
listed above under "Sources of Data".
The data illustrated in the graph of velocity of Sound versus
temperature and tabulated below are from Keesom and Wan Itterbeek; Van
Itterbeek and Keesom; Wan Itterbeek and Van Doninck; Wan. Itterbeek and
Thys; and Schneider and Thiessen. All of the above investigators report
that all values were obtained at nearly atmospheric pressures. No
mention is made by any of the above authors of the purity of the
experimental samples used. The data reported by Keesom and Van
Itterbeek are estimated by the authors to have a maximum error of 0.1%.
The frequency of the sound used is not given. Wan Itterbeek and Keesom
report a maximum error in their observations of 0.15%, and again no
mention is made of the frequency of the sound used. Wan Itterbeek and
Van Doninck report a frequency of 523.78 kilocycles per second used in
their determinations of velocity of sound, but they make no specific
claims on the accuracy of their data. Schneider and Thiessen; and Wan
Itterbeek and Thys used ultrasonics of unreported frequency in their
experiments and did not estimate the accuracy of their observations.
Wan Itterbeek and Forrez; and Wan Itterbeek and De Laet report velocities
of sound at various constant temperatures below 5°K as a function of
II-K-2, i
WELOCITY of SOUND in GASEOUS HELIUM (Cont.)
Comments: (cont.)
pressure. These data are tablulated below and illustrated in the graph
of velocity of sound versus pressure, together with the velocity of
sound at the vapor pressure as reported by Wan Itterbeek and De Laet.
Wan Itterbeek and Forrez report using a quartz crystal with a
frequency of 510 kilocycles per second to propagate the sound waves
through their experimental sample. Using audible sound, Wan Itterbeek
and De Laet measured the velocity of sound in helium gas at very low
temperatures and pressures. Using these data they extrapolated the
velocity of sound to the vapor pressure at various temperatures. A
graphical comparison was made between Keesom and Van Itterbeek's
observations .247° K and Van Itterbeek's values at H.228°K. The
at l;
agreement between these two sets of data is very good. No information
is given by any of the investigators mentioned above as to the purity
of their experimental samples.
The units of the velocity of sound in helium gas used in the tabulations
below and on the graphs are: temperature in degrees Kelvin (O°C =
273.16°K), pressure in atmospheres (g = 980.665) and the velocity of
sound in meters per second.
Velocity of Sound in Gaseous Helium
as a Function of Temperature
near One Atmosphere Pressure
Temperature Velocity Temperature Velocity

°K m/sec °K m/sec
Wan Itterbeek & Keesom Van Itterbeek &
lj. l8l 229. l Van Doninck
l.T. l86 2lili.2 20.3 265.9

l8. l;2|| 253. l 75 509.9
20. l.29 266.2 8O 526.9
20.519 266.2 85 5112.9
90 559.5
Van Itterbeek & Thys 90.2 559.5
290.6 997. O
Schneider & Thiessen
Keesom & Wan Itterbeek l911.99 822.5
273.1 973.9
li.
21.7 103.911
following
on
(Continued page)
II-K–2.
2
VELOCITY of SOUND in GASEOUS HELIUM (Cont.)
Comments: (cont.)
Velocity of Sound in Gaseous Helium as a Function of Pressure
Wan Itterbeek and De Laet
Pressure Velocity Pressure Velocity Pressure Velocity

atm. m/sec atm. m/sec atm. m/sec
l; .228°K .39|| 106.25 . OBO8 911.27
. l;29l lCŞ. lil . O669 93.63
o 121-99 || 56.3 lo3.31 .0813 93.15 sº
. Ol.95 l2O.87 --
lol.86 t
.5563 - .0923 92.66
.03116 l20.69 --
.ll.96
º,, . . 91. 72
. ..
. OB28 l2O. l;7 3.18.1% K -
. O837 l2O. Ol O lO5. Ol 2.359 &

.1285 ll.9.3|| .0350 lol. 28 O 88. ||
. l80l. ll 8.5l. . OTO8 lO3. 33 .O226 87.92
. 2305 ll 7.75 ..l.098 l.02.29 .0269 87.8O
15ll; lOl. lo 87.56
ll6.63 .0335
.2991
.3700 llj. l;6 .
99.88 .039.l 87.28
º
..l.913
lilj9 ll3.9l .21,87 98. Ol, Ol;55 87. OO
...
...
.5513 ll2. l6
º;
O506 86.76
2.821°
.
K
2.2.18°K
33.3%
||
||
0
O23l 98.21, 87.6l,

O
.8828 lol. 78 ll
.
.0311 98.03 .O256 87.

3.760°K Ol;37 97.7l, .03ll; 86.7O
ll. ll
.
ll. 12 96.9l; .0382 86.21,

O
O683
.
Olš3 .l.071, 95.58 Oll,6 85.7O

.
.
.0255 ll3.92 .ll;82 911.06

O
2.
OT8°K
.O378 ll3.70 2.612°K
O
ll2.80 81.85
O
.O873
Ol&2 81.25
ll2. lo 95.65
O
l.227
lll .12
.
.l721, Oló9 95. 55 02/15 83.93

.
.
o
O2O7 95. 16 .0298 83.59

.2923 lC3.63
.
O285 95. l.9

.3531; lO7.2l
.
e
.0390 9].76
Wan Itterbeek and Forrez

Pressure Velocity Pressure Velocity
atm. m/sec atm. m/sec
•
3.582°K 3.582°K
.
lll .3 .25l'ſ lO6.5

O
1275 lO9.l .3206 lC5.6

lOl.l
.
.l653 lO8.8 .3876

.2ll;3 lO8.2 1,318 lC2.5
.
.52Ol. lOO
...
O
II-K–2.
3
VELOCITY of SOUND in GASEOUS HELIUM (Cont.)
Comments: (cont.)
Velocity of Sound in Helium Gas

at the Wapour Pressure
Wan Itterbeek and De Laet

Temperature Pressure Welocity
°K atm. m/sec
l; .228 l.0ll6 lol.96
3.760 O.6288 99.62
3.18l. 0.31 l8
95.37
2.82k 0.1823 92.62
2.6l;2 0.1336 90.08
2.259 0.0615 || 86.l2
2.218 O.0558 81.83
2.078 0.0392 82.7l
II-K–2.4
PRESSURE, psia
O2 O.4 O.6 O.8 I.O 2 4. 6 8 |O
40O
| 20
390
T = 4.228° K
38O
||5
37O
|| O
36O
3.582 °K
35O
| O5
3. |84 ° K 3 4.O
33O
|OO
3 2O
95
SATURAT 3|O
VAPOR
PRESSURE
2.642 °K
3OO
90
29O
2.2 |8 °K VELOCITY OF SOUND

28O
85 |N
2.O78 °K GASEOUS HELIUM

28O
O] O2 O4 O6 O8 O. O2 O.4 O6 O.8 |O
PRESSURE, atmospheres
II-K–2.5
|OOO
32OO
VELOCITY OF SOUND
|N 3OOO
900
GASEOUS HELIUM
near one otmosphere 28OO
800 26OO
24 OO
7OO
22OO
2OOO
6OO
| 8 OO
500
| 6 OO
| 4 OO
400
| 200
3OO | OOO
8OO
2OO
6 OO
40O
|OO
O 5C |OO |50 2OO 250 3OO
TEMPERATURE, oK
II-K–2.6
– TTTTTTTT T-TTTTTTTT TI I ITT.II
-
—i.
*m. Peak Nucleate Boiling — 2^
|O 4
Re=10%
*
– p = O.3 MN/m? --
–
*=
T= 4.2K
D = 2 x ſoºm I–
º: .
Re=109
- }-
p=0.3 MN/m2
*
- uper
r
-
-
T=4.2K
D= 2xloºm
E Helium
...
--
>
E *
—
3
# E. 3. T
,
,
,
IO*
-
49
—
T
2.
e
}* Kopitzd Conductonce £" 4%

-sº
/
}*
º
(Typical value for

* -º
.
Copper
at
Helium
to
—
}*== |.9 K).
Re=|ot
p-
O.3 MN/m?
\
4.2 –*
-
loº T=
K
ºssºmo D= 2x IO*m
jº assº
Kutafeladze Correlation
*=> for nucleate boiling tºmº
df O. MN/m
|
||
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IO'
|
|
|
|
|
.O. O. |O
|
"wall-Tb
K
DMPARISON OF VARIOUS MODES OF HELIUM HEAT TRANSFER
II-L-3
III. PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN
CONTENTS
P-p-T of Normal and Para-hydrogen at the Triple Point,

Boiling Point, and Critical Point. -
Ortho-Para Hydrogen Composition at Equilibrium
vapor Pre S.Sure

l. Vapor Pressure Normal Hydrogen
2. Vapor Pressure Para-Hydrogen
3. Vapor Pressure Difference
Density of Liquid H2 (At Saturation)

1. Normal Hydrogen
2. Para-Hydrogen
3. Density Differences
Compressibility Factor for Normal Hydrogen

Specific Heat
l. Specific Heat of Liquid Para-Hydrogen -
2. Specific Heat of Normal Gaseous Hydrogen

3. Reduced Specific Heat Differences
w
Heat of Vaporization -
l. He at of Vaporization Normal Liquid Hydrogen

2. Differences in Latent Heat
Enthalpy and Entropy -
l. Temperature Entropy Chest for Normal Hydrogen

2. Tabulated Properties of Normal Hydrogen Vapor
and Liquid and Saturated Vapor of Para-hydrogen
3. Tabulated Properties of Liquid and Vapor Para
hydrogen -
4. Temperature Entropy Chart for Para-hydrogen

5. Enthalpy–Entropy Chart for Para-hydrogen
6. Reduced Entropy. Differences
I. Thermal Conductivity
l. Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Hydrogen
2. Thermal Conductivity of Gaseous Hydrogen
3. Thermal Conductivity Ratio of Para to Normal Hydrogen
III-INDEX-1
Dielectric Constant
l. Liquid Hydrogen
2. Gaseous Hydrogen
Surface Tension
l. Liquid Hydrogen
Viscosity
l. Viscosity of Liquid Para-hydrogen
2. Viscosity of Gaseous Normal Hydrogen
3. Viscosity Differences
Velocity of Sound
l. Velocity of Sound in Liquid Para-hydrogen
2. Velocity of Sound in Para-hydrogen
3. Velocity of Sound in Hydrogen General
III–INDEX-2
P-p-T OF NORMAL AND PARAHYDROGEN AT THE TRIPLE POINT,
BOILING POINT, AND CRITICAL POINT
Source of Data: R. B. Stewart and H. M. Roder

Chapter ll.
Properties of Normal and
Parahydrogen. p. 379-404 in Technology
and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon
Press, New York (1964)
COmments: These values were calculated from data

referenced in the Stewart and Roder paper.
Normal Hydrogen Parahydrogen

Triple Point
Pressure, atm 0.071 695
...
O
O
Temperature *K l3 947 13 803
=
Density
.
(Solid) mole/cm3 0.0430l. 0.04291
g g g
Density (Liquid) mole/cm 3830

...
0.3821
O
O
,
Density (Vapor) mole/cm3 0.000063 0.0000624
l
oiling Point
(l
atm)
Temperature, *K 20 380 20 268
ll
-
(Liquid)
-
Density mole/cm3 0.0352 0.035
g g
Density (Vapor) mole/cm3 0.000 6606 00.06636

O
.
ritical Point
Pressure, atm l2. 98 12 T59
-
Temperature, OK 33 18 32 976
-
Density,
.
mole/cm3 0.01494
g
Olb59
O
.
ol. Wt. 2.01594 g/g mole,

=
ecently adopted. based on the C+2 12.000 scale

=
III-A
The equilibrium concentration of ortho and para hydrogen in the ideal gas state has
been calculated by Woolley, Scott, and Brickwedde (1948), Natl. Bur, std. ºl, 379-475.
J. Res.
The effect of pressure on these equilibrium concentrations is considered to be negligible.
These values are tabulated and illustrated graphically below. The NBS-1939 Temperature Scale
was used in this table.
Ortho-Para Composition at Equilibrium
Temp. Percentage
°K in para form
for H2
lO 99.9999
2O 99.82l
30 97.02l
l:0 88.727
50 77.05";
60 65.569
70 55.991
8O l,8.537
90 l;2.882
lOO 38.620
l2O 32.959
lSO 28.603
2OO 25.974
250 25.26;
300 25.072
|OO
orTHo - PARA HYDROGEN

COMPOS |T| ON AT EQUI LI BRIUM
75
5O
25
O | OO 2OO 3 OO
TEMPERATURE , •K
Reprinted from NBS Report 8812
III-B
VAPOR PRESSURE
NORMAL HYDROGEN
|O |5 2O 25 3O 35
TEMPERATURE, *k
III–C–1. 1
VAPOR PRESSURE NORMAL HYDROGEN
Source of Data: Table II A, Chapter ll "Technology and

Uses of Liquid Hydrogen", 381, Pergamon
-
Press
Temperature Pressure
atm
°K
l3. 947 O. O.7l
l4 73
...
O
O
l5 O. l.25
l6 0.202
17 0.310
18 0.456
19 0.648
20 0.891
20 .380 l.000
2l l. l.96
22 l. 569
23 2.018
24 2.551
25 178
3
-
26 3. 906
27 4. 746
28 5. 705
29 6. T94
30 023
8
.
31 - .410
9
32 10.94
33 12. 65
33. 18 12.98
III–C–1.2
VAPOR PRESSURE
PARA - HYDROGEN
|5 2O 25 3O 35
TEMPERATURE, *K
III–C–2. 1
VAPOR PRESSURE PARA-HYDROGEN
Source of Data: Table II A, Chapter ll "Technology

and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen", 381,
Pergamon Press
Temperature Pressure, atm

°K
l3. 803 69
...
O
O
l4 77
...
O
O
l5 O. l32
l6 0.212
17 0.325
l8 .475
O
19 672
O
.
20 0.922
20. 268 l. 000
21 l. 233
22 l. 612
23 69
...
O
2
24 - 2. 610
25 - 3.245
26 3.981
27 4.828
28 . 793
5
-
29 6. 886
30 8. Ll
7
31 500
9
ll. 05l
-
32
32. 976 l2.759
III–C–2.2
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III-C-3
O.O39
O,O38 DENSITY of NORMAL

L|QUID HYDROGEN
O.O37
O.O36
O.O35
O.O34 |505
O.O33 |43O
O.O32 |355
º
O.O3] |28O
O.O3O I2O5
O,O29 ||3O
O.O28 |O55
O.O27 98O
O.O26 905
O.O25 83O
O.O24 755
68O
O.O22 6O5
O,O2| 53O
455
O.O.9 38O
O.O18 3O5
O.OI7 23O
O.O. 155
ooia; O 2O
TEMPERATURE, *K
III–D–l. 1
DENSITY OF NORMAL LIQUID HYDROGEN
Source of Data: R. B. Stewart and H.M. Roder, Chapter ll.

Properties of Normal and Parahydrogen.
p. 379-404 in Technology and Uses of Liquid
Hydrogen, Pergamon Press, New York (1964)
Comments: These values were calculated from data

Temperature Density, g mole/emº

°K Sat. Liquid Sat. Vapor
l3 . 947 0.03830 6.3 x 10-5
14 0.03828 6.4. "
15 O . O3 786 10 : 4 "
;:
I.6 0.03 742 l5.9
l7 O . 03695 23.2 !I
18 0.03647 32 -7
".
19 O. O.3595 44 - 7 "
|f
2O 0.03540 59 -5
20 380 66 -O "
-
0.03519
2l 0.03483 77. 6 |
lºt
22 0.03421 99.5
23 0.03355 l25. 7 |||
24 O . O3.285 l56 . 9. "

25 0.03209 l.93 . 8, "
|?
26 -
0.03127 237. 7
O3036 290
...
O
O .
"
27
28 02935 352.
||
O
7
.
29 0.02821 429.
O
"
30 2689 524
...
O
l.
i "
.
3l 0.25 28 648.2
O
32 0.023
l2
33 Ol.903
O
.
33.
#
18 0.014.94 1494.0
III–D–1.2
O.O39
O.O38
DENSITY of LIQUID
O.O37 PARA - HYDROGEN
O,O36 158O
O,O35 15O5
O.O34 |43O
oos3 |355
O.O32 |280
O.O3| |2O5
O.O3O ||3O
O.O29 |O55
O,O28 98O
O.O27 905
O,O26 83O
O.O25 755
O.O24 68O
6O5
O.O22 53O
O.O2| 455
O.O2O 38O
O.O19 3O5
O,OI8 23O
O.OI7 |55
O.O16 8O
O.O15 5
|O 15 2O 25 3O 35
TEMPERATURE, "K
III–D–2. 1.
DEN SITY OF LIQUID PARA-HYDROGEN
Source of Data: R. B. Stewart and H.M. Roder Chapter ll.

p. 379-404 in Technology and Uses of
Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon Press, New
York (1964)
comments: These values were calculated from data

Temperature Density, g mole/em”

°K Sat. Liquid Sat. Vapor
l3,803 0.03821 6.24 x 10^*
l4 0.03812 6.90 "
15 O . O3 770 ll.04 "
l6 O . O3726 l6 =78 "
17 3679 24.40
...
O
O
"
l8 O.03631 34. 20
"
19 0.03580 46.53
"
20 0.035.26 61 76
"
-
.
20. 268 0.035ll 66 36
"
2l 0.03469 80 - 30
$1 º "
-
22 0.03409 102.7.
23 0.03344 l29 6.
,
24 0.03.274 16l. I
6 l. 3 5
25 31.99 l99 11
ll
...
O
26 0.03 244
If
7
27 0.03026 297.
Jº
28 0.2925 362.0
JI
O
.
29 0.028.10 440.8 |
11
30 O. O.2675 540.
7 l.
31 2509 671 !?
...
O
..
32 0.02281 868
I
O
-
32 976 L559
i.
1559
O
O
.
III–D–2.2
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PRESSURE psid
6O 8O KOO 2OO
N
I
sometric Specific
Volume Density
Line cc/gm cc/mole gm/cc
3708 7476. OOO2697
O
1854 3.738 OOO5393
1
113 2243 0008989
;
556.3 1121 .001798
1
278. 561. 003595
373. UO5393
O.
280. 00719.1
224. .008989
0.1079
01258
.01438
... -.. .. -
01618
.E
.01798
.01977 SOLIDLINES Sotherms (T C)
02157
C
|- -
==
02337 BROKENLINES Isometrics (V
...
02517
.02697
2876
...
O.
O3056
.03236
.03416
-
0.3595 COMPRESSIBILITY FACTO
.03775
.03955 FOR NORMAL HYDROGEN
.04135
.04315
.04494
=
P
Z
/V
O7754 RT
.07608 Notion Bureouof Standord8
of
O74.67 CryogenicEngineering
Laboratory
.07331
13.
89 07.200
14.14 07074
. . ...
14.38 29 O6952 773.4
*
x
x
*Density,
gm/cm3 density,
Amagat8.988610-5
|O
8
O2 O4 O6 O8 |O
4.
|O 2O 40 6O iOO 2OO 4OO 6OO 800

at
PRESSURE, mospheres
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTI,
SPECIFIC HEAT (Co) of

L|QUID PARA HYDROGEN
of so turqtion
Z
J’
DATA of SM ITH, ET AL.
*
15
21 2O
JOHNSTON, ET A L.
25
-
3O
º:
TEMPERATURE, *K
III–F–1. 1
SPECIFIC HEAT (cc) of LIQUID PARA HYDROGEN
(At Saturation)
Sources of Data :
Johnston, H. L., Clarke, J. T., Rifkin, E. B. and Kerr, E. C., J. Am.

Chem. Soc. 72, 3933 (1950)
Smith, A. L., Hallett, N. C. and Johnston, H. L., J. Am. Chem. Soc. T6,
ll:86 (195l.)
Other References :
Bonnhoefer, K. F. and Harteck, P., Naturwiss. 17, 182 (1929)

Clusius, K. and Hiller, K., Z. physik. Chem. Blº, 158 (1929)
Dewar, J., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A76, 325 (1905)

Eucken, A., Verhandl. deut. physik. Ges. 18, k-17 (1916)
Keesom, W. H., Comm. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden 137e (1911)
Simon, F. and Lange, R., Z. Physik. 15, 312 (1923)
Comments:
Heisenberg, Z. Physik. 38, lºll (1926); Hund, Z. Physik. lºz, 93 (1927);

and Dennison, Proc. Roy. Soc. (ionoſ.) All 5, 183 (1927) predicted the
existence of two forms of molecular hydrogen on the basis of quantum
theory. Shortly thereafter methods were developed for catalyzing the
conversion. Since then heat capacity measurements have been carried out
on known concentrations of the two varieties. Prior to 1929 all work
was based on normal hydrogen (75% ortho and 25% para). Data for the
curves were derived under conditions of saturation vapor pressure (Cs).
Data of Johnston, Clarke Data of Smith, Hallett

Rifkin and Kerr. and Johnston.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. T2, J. Am. Chem. Soc. T6,
3933 (1950). ll:86 (1951).
Temp. Co Temp.
Co Co C5
cal x cal cal cal

*K °K
mole "K gm "K mole "K gmT"K
15.15 3.52 l.7l;6 18.28 l!.18 2.073

15.30 3.5l. l.T56 2O. lºº l;.7l 2.336
l6.05 3.67 l.82O 22.7l 5.33 2.6ll,
l6.26 3.66 l.815 25.00 6.03 2.991
17.03 3.81 l.890 26.0l. 6.16 3.2Ol;
17.31 3.85 l.910 28.2O 7.85 3.891;
17.98 l!.03 l.999 30.10 9.9l; l; .931
H.10
ll.
18.27 2.03! 31.19 .56 7.222

l8.89 li. 2; 2.103
l8.99 .32 2.ll.3
l;
III–F–1.2
SPECIFIC HEAT (Cp) of NORMAL HYDROGEN CAS
Sources of Data:
Eucken, A., Sitzber. kgl. preuss. Akad. Wiss. lºl (1912)
Hilsenrath, J., et al.,
Nat. Bur. Standards Cir. 56t, 282 (1955)
Scheel, K. and Heuse, W., Ann. Physik. (h) lºo, kT3 (1913)
Workman, E. J., Phys. Rev. (2) 37, 1345 (1931)
Comments:
The above articles were all used by the NBS staff in compiling the data
for Circular 561. Accordingly the present curves have been constructed
using these same data. We have been unable to discover anything more
recent. When more does appear, it
should take into account the exist
ence of ortho and para-hydrogen.
Table of Selected Weilues
C C C C
P p p P
Temp. Sp cal. Cp cal Cp cal Sp cal
R gm"K R gm"K R gm"K R K
O Atºm l Atm *
10 Atm lOO . Atm
2O 2.50 2.1,613
30 2.50 2.lºél:3 2.628, 2.590l.
l;0 2.50l 2.11653 2.56; 2.527l 3.1.63 | 3.k135
50 2.505 || 2.lić92 || 2.5l 3| 2.5067 || 2.917 | 2.90l.9
60 2.519 2.14830 |2.5ll; 2.5076 || 2.780 2.7l:03 || 3.957 || 3.9005
70 2.5l;7 | 2.5106 || 2.565| 2.5283 || 2.732 2.6930 || 3.786 || 3.7319

8O 2.591 || 2.5510 |2.605| 2.5678 2.723 2.6841 || 3.56], 3.5131
90 2.6l. 8 || 2.610 2.658| 2.6200 || 2.7l,7| 2.7077 3.366 || 3.3179
LOO 2.7lk | 2.6752 |2.722, 2.6831 2.790 2.750l 3.295 || 3.21.79
l2O 2.857 || 2.8162 2.862 2.82.ll 2.905 2.8635 | 3.2h 2 | 3.1957
ll:0 2.993 || 2.9502 2.996 2.9532 3.026 2.98.28 3.26|| || 3.21.7%

160 3.108 || 3.0636 |3.lll| 3.0665 || 3.135 | 3.0902 || 3.326|| 3.2785
18O 3.20% 3.1582 |3.206| 3.1602 || 3.226 3.1800 || 3.377 || 3.3287
2OO 3.280 || 3.2331 |3.282. 3.235l 3.296 || 3.2489 || 3.413 || 3.361.2
22O 3.340 3.2923 ||3.341| 3.2933 || 3.355 3.3071 || 3.45|| || 3.kolić
240 |3.387 || 3.3386 |3.388| 3.3396 || 3.399 3.35ol,

|| 3.486 || 3.4362
260 |3.424 || 3.375l |3.h.25| 3.3761 || 3.133 3.3839
|| || 3.5ol, 3.1539
270 3.438 || 3.3889 |3.139| 3.3899 || 3.kló | 3.3968 || 3.510 || 3.4598
28O 3.450 | 3.4007 ||3.1:51, 3.4017 | 3.458 || 3.8086 || 3.516 || 3.1,658
3OO 3.469 || 3.419' 3.170| 3.l;20l. 3.l76|| 3.4263 || 3.526||3.3756
Bee next two pages for graphical presentation of the data.

III–F–2.1
SPECIFIC HEAT OF
NORMAL HYDROGEN GAS
AT CONSTANT PRESSURE
ITICAL LINE - 12.98 Afrn.
5 Arm. - cp = 58 AT 34°K.
20 Atm. - Cp = 34.5 AT 36 °K
4. 196 Atm.
SATURATED VAPOR LINE
ſo Atm
4.84 Afrn.
At m.
2O 25 3O 35 4O 45 5O 55 6O
TEMPERATURE, *K
III–F–2. 2
».
uſ
OZ ’uuļV
/
96]*>2 4\7'uu
100
III–F–2.
3)||-||9|EdS
ļo
'
9| uuļ\7 Lv3H (do)
3
“do
N
H
O
ESV79) SQO HON TV/W AJO 39
O8 OO! O2|| Oſ?| O9|| O92Oº?O22OO2O8|| O82
Lw&3dWEL ‘Bºn Xa
O
2.
REDUCED SPECIFIC HEAT DIFFERENCES
º
O
CA.
,
BETWEEN EQUILIBRIUM NORMAL,
OR THO, AND PARA HYDROGEN IN

THE IDEAL GAS STATE
O
cº
-
.O (Equil.) (Po ro)
+
+
;
O
9
p
)Q
(
(Normal) - Por
cº R
cº R
cº,
c;
(
Pard)
-
+(or tho) T
Cº .O
3OO
|
OO 2OO
, *
K
TEMPERATURE
LATENT HEAT of
NORMAL HYDRO GEN
|3 |4 15 |6 17 |8 19 2O 2] 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3O 3.
TEMPERATURE, 9K
III–G–1.1
NORMAL, HYDROGEN - HEAT OF WAPORIZATION
Source of Data:
R. B. Stewart and H. M. Roder

Chapter ll.
p. 379-401; in Technology and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon
Press, New York (1961)
Comments:
These values were calculated from data referenced in the Stewart

and Roder paper.
Latent Heat of Normal Hydrogen
Heat of
Temperature? Vaporization
°K cal/g mole
l3.9lF7 219.8l.
ll. 219.89
l; 220.68
l6 22l.l.0
*
17 22l.09
18 220.60
l9 219.58
2O 217.97
20.380 217.19
2l 215.7l
22 212.72
23 208.92
21; 2011.2l
-
25 198.1.6
26 l9l. 5l
27 l63.ll
28 l'72.97
29 160.60
30 ll.9.25
3l 125. H2
* Temperatures adjusted to NBS-1955 Temperature Scale.
III–G–1. 2
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III–G–2
8812
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HYDROGEN
TEMP-ENTROPY
CHART.
O° - 15Oo K
TAKENFROM
NBSRESEARCH PAPER
RP 1932
230
NATIONAL
BUREAU
OFSTANDARDS
CRYOGENIC
ENGINEERING
Division.
BOULDER,
COLORADO
{} 9 |O
ENTROPY CAL GM'DEG"
III–H-1. 1
3OO
29O
27O
26O
25O
24O
23O
22O
2O
2OO
|9O
|8O
TEMPERATURE • ENTROPY CHART

|6O
FOR normal-HYDROGEN
TAKEN FROM NATIONAL BUREAU OF
STANDARDS RESEARCH PAPER RP S32
(1948) BY WOOLEY, SCOTT, AND
BRICKWEDDE, Fig 32.
PRESSURE Ofm
DENSITY(pº amogo?
(density,
gm/cm3
=density,
amagot
x 8.9886xO-°)
TEMPERATURE °K
ENTHALPY(H) col/gm
ENTROPY cal/gm*K
|2 |3 |4 2O
ENTROPY, cal/gm "K
III–H–1. 2
HYDROGEN
TEMP-ENTROPY
CHART
28O 9 – 6OOo K
TAKENFROM
NBSRESEARCHPAPER
RP 1932
NATIONAL
BUREAU
OFSTANDARDS
CRYOGENIC
ENGINEERING
Division
BOULDER,
COLORADO
*
IO || |2 |3 |4 |5 I6 17 |8 19
ENTROPY GAL GM"DEG'
III–H–1. 3
NORMALHYDROGEN
Propertiesof Vapor"
Temp P =l atm P =2 atm P =5 atm P =10atm P =l; atm
°K (Sat temp
=20.39°K) (Sat temp=22.97°K) (Sat temp=27.29°K) (Sat temp=31.41°K)
T V h S V h S v h S V h S v h S
cm”/g j/g j/g°K cm”/g J/g j/g°K cm^/g J/g j/g°K cm”/g J/g j/g°K cm”/g j/g j/g°K
31,
(SatVapor) 75l.1 718 39.16 398.7 729 37.16 l62.7 730 .21 70.89 69] 31.02
22 827.2 737 39.9l,
2l, 917.6 760 ll.00 25.0 7l;2 37.7l
l,
26 1006 782 ll.93 h7.h 767 38.72
8Ol,
3,
28 1091, 2.75 522.0 79] 39.60 172.l. 7l;2 .6l.
8ll, l;0 l97.2 77',
O.
30 ll&O 826 3.50 568.2 35.72
l,
l, l.
|
35 l393 88O 5.16 680.1 871 l;2.13 251.0 8/12 37.81 10l.'ſ 78: 33.75 37.29 636 28.5l
l;5
l;O l603 Q33 l,6.58 788.7 926 l;3.60 299.5 903 39. 135.2 86O 35.86 8l. 2; 812 33.3%
l8lſº 985 7.8%| 895.5 979 lily.87 31,5.8 96l l,0.82 162.3 928 37.116 lOO 89] 35.22
5l,
l,
2
..
5O 2019 1038 l,8.92 100l lo32 l;6.OO 390.5 lol'ſ l;2.Ol l87.0 990 38.78 ll.9.2 962 36.7l
||
60 21:31 lll: 50.8l l210 ll39 7.93 l,77.6 ll 27 lil,.02 233.6 ll.08 l,0.92 152.l. 1088 39.02
l,
3
28, 12,8 l;6 121,5 l;9.57 562.8 l;2.67

2.
70 lll& l236 5.69 278. l22]. l83. l2O7 O.8l.
l,
l l;
l; l,
2
l
8O 3252 135l, 53.88| 1621, l352 5l.OO 616.9 l3,5 7.15 321.5 l33l, lili.17 213. l323 h2.39
\l,61 ll,l;6
38
ll,63 ll,56 l,8. l;5.50 21, 3.7l,
ll,
90 366] 55.16| 1829 52.28 730.3 36l. 2.2
l, l;l,l,
|
2
71,l.
1OO l,070 l;71, 56.32| 2031, 1572 53.h5 813.3 l;68 9.63 l,06.5 156] l;6.70 271.0 l;5l. .97
21,
l,
lºl,
l,886 l8Ol,
l.2
l2O 58. l803 55.55 978.3 l8OO 5l. h90.1 1796 lić.8h 327.5 l?%l 7.12
ll. 5702 2Ol;6 60.28 2852 2Ol;5 57.lºl lll:3 2013 53.6l 57.8 2Ol;0 50.72 382.9 2037 l;9.02
O
160 65.17 2298 61.97| 3260 2297 2296 55.31 655. 2295 52.h3 38.l. Ø293 50.73
I,
l,
59.10 1307
| || | |
||
18O 7332 2559 63.50| 3668 2558 60.6l, ll,70 2558 56.85 737.6 2557 53.97 l;93. 2556 52.28
H
2OO 8ll, 2826 61.9l ||O76 2826 62.05 1631, 2826 58.26 819.'ſ 2826 55.39 5h8.3 2826 53.70
7
| | ||
8l.
35
22O 896] 3100 66.21| 31OO 63. 1797 3100 59.57 901.6 3100 56.70 603.l 3lCl 55.Ol
||
||
6|,
12
2L, 97.76 3377 67. l;891 3378 .56 1960 3378 60.78 983. 3379 57.9l 657.8 3380 56.23
l;
O
O7 Ol;
| ||
26O lO589 3658 68.55 5298 3658 65.69 2123 3659 61.90 1065 3661 59. 712.3 3663 57.36
||
28O lll:Ol 39/11 69.60| 57Ol, 39;2 66.7|, |2286 39;3 62.95 lll:7 391.5 60.09 766.7 39,7 58.
lil
300 l2219 227 70.58| 6ll3 l,228 57.72 2,50 l,229 63.9l 1228 l,231 6l. 821.3 l,233 59.HO
l,
|
Temp 20atm l;0atm 60atm 80atm 100atm
=
=
=
=
P
P
P
P
°K
1l,
30 .27 l;23 l9.7l, l3.76 l:30 l9.ll l3.25 l,50 19.12
35 15.57 l,88 21.75 .67 l;92 2l, lº ll.ll. 502 20.68
ll.
l;0 50.2% ‘fl; 17.87 568 23.9l l6.19 22.99 15.20 567 22.38
361;
30.89 563
/
l,5 7O.Of 853 33.1,2 28.50 TO7 28.25 20.26 665 26.09 18.26 2l;.86 16.55 6, 21,10
.
50 85.36 933 35.10 36.95 819 30.6l 25.El 75l. 28.08 20.82 729 26.67 18.27 719 25.76
6O ll 2. 1069 37.59 52.l;9 991, 33.80 34.56 935 31.Hl 26.95 900 29.T9 22.95 881 28.6l,
O
Ol,
(O l36.1 ll.93 39.50 66.12 ll39 36. 3.9l logl 33.85 33.65 lC6l 32.28 28.Ol 10HO 3l.Q9
l,
l;0.20
3,
8O 159. 1312 lil. 09 78.66 l271 37.8O 52.63 1236 35.76 1210 .27 33.l.2 ll.92 33.l.2
..31,
l;6.l;6
1,l
90 18l. ll;29 l;2.l;7 90.56 l397 39.29 60.87 l370 37.33 13h9 35.9l 38.12 133l, 79
lOO 203.2 ljl, 3.7l 102.l 1522 l,0.60 68.82 lSOl 38.70 52.53 ll,8l, 37.33 l;2.99 ll,71 36.21,
l, l, l, l,
.3 .
7
l2O 246.O 1787 5.89 l2l, 1771 2.87 8l.O8 1758 ll. O5 6l.20 lTh8 39.73 52.HO l?l;O 38.69
l,
ho
ll;O 288.O 7.80 ll;6.O lily.82 Ol, 2Oll lil. 76 6l. 2008 l,0.75
3.
2O35 2025 98.8l. 2O17 75.
7l;
l,
160 329.9 2291 9.52 l67.3 2286 l,6.58 113.3 2282 lil,.82 86.39 228] l;3.56 70.32 228O 2.57
l;
lil;.20
37
l8O 2556 51.08 188. 255, l,8.15 127.5 2551, l;6.l;2 97.17 2555 5.18 79.O3 2557
I,
l,
l.
l.
2OO lil2.7 2826 52.50 209.3 2827 l;9.59 lil.6 2831 7.87 l;.8
lo'ſ 2832 h6.6l, 87.60 2837 5.68
l,
l, l,
22O l,53.9 3102 l;5.6 l;9.20 ll 8. 3lll, 7.98
Y.
53.82 3105 50.92 3ll0 96.09 312O O3
l,
230.1
2l;0 l;95. 3381 55.03 250.8 3387 52.ll. l69.5 3392 50.lil, l28.9 3399 h9.22 10k.5 31,07 l,8.2'ſ
O
260 535.9 366), 56,16 27 3671 53.28 l83.3 3679 51.58 139.3 3686 50.3'ſ ll2.9 3695 h9.l;2
l.
l.
Ll,
398,
3,
28O 576.8 391.9 57.22 292.O 3957 5l. 197.1 3966 52.65 ll.9.7 3975 5l. l2l. 50.50
2
3OO 6]7.8 l,236 58.21 312.6 21.5 55.33 210.9 25l. 53.6l, l60.0 l,261, 52.lºl, l29.5 275 5l.50
l,
l,
l,
Frompublished
data,NationalBureau Standards,
of
Technical
Note120(Nov1961)
"
for Units, to Equivalent

Conversions in British System
of Units:
by
ToToToToToToTo
converttemperaturedegrees Kelvin(“K) degrees (*R), multiply(“K) l.8

to
Rankine
ininin inin in
by
convertpressure atmospheres (atm) (psia), multiply(atm)

to
.696
in
.
ll:
by
pergram(cm”/g) (cu ft/lb), multiply(cm”/g) .010018

º:
to
convertvolume (v) cubiccentimeters

y
convertdensity(p) Amagat density ft), multiplyAmagatb .0056ll

to
by
convertenthalpy joulespergram(J/g) (Btu/lb), multiply(j/g)

to
(h) 12993
byby
.
convertenthalpy caloriespergram(cal/gm) (Btu/lb), multiply(cal/gm) l.8

toto
(h)
“K
convertentropy(s) joulespergram (j/g°K) (Btu/lb“R),multiply(j/g°K) .23885

*K
Entropy(s) caloriespergram (cal/gm"K) equal (Btu/lb“R)

to
in
is
PARAHYDROGEN
Propertiesof Saturated Vapor
LiquidandSaturated
*t
Temp (cm"/g)
Pressure Volume Enthalpy
(j/g) Entropy(j/g “K) Temp (cm/g)
PressureVolume Enthalpy
(j/g) Entropy(j/g °K)
atm Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat atm Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat
K
K
Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
|
–226.37200.52 9.287 27.856

O.
ll,ll,
–3O8.92 O.30 .961 37.520 23 2.062 .83 J. .9

l;
l3.8O3" O695| 12.98 7966

l;
|
ll, 2l,
|
0.0778 l3.Ol 72O3 -307.63 2.13 5.055 37.188 2.6ll lS. 15 3OT. -213.92202.66 9.783 27.152
3
l; lil,89 -300.7l 15l.ll 5.527 35.650 25 3.2h5 15.5l 249.0 -200.52203.6010.289

31,
O.l.23 l3.16 26.1%

10
|
| |
16 O.213 13.32 2955 -293.39 l;9.60 5.993 .305 26 3.982 15.9l 203.2 -l35.99 203. 10.810 25.787
l;5|| l66.7 -170.2]| 200.87ll. 356 25.108
O.O.
27 H.829 l6.39
6.
17 325 13.118 2032 –285.60 l67.58 33.lls

l;76 lºg 32.Ol;8 28 79, l37.0 -lj2.90 196.5l ll. 926 21,
ll,
5.
l8 13.66 -277.27 l7l.97 6.92l l6.96

3
..
ll
19 O.673 l3.86 1065 –268.39 l8l.67 7.382 31.076 29 6.887 l7.66 ll2.5 -l33.60| 189.5l| 12.536 23.68||
2O 0.923 ll. O7 8Ol.7 –258.9l| 187.67 7.853 30.188 30 8.ll l8.5l, 91.86 -lll. 67 178.7913.2Ol 22.890
8
||
|| | | ||
7,
20.268" 1.000 ll. l.2 7.6 –256.29 189.36 7.977 29.969 3l 9.50l 19.77 73.86 85.78|162.5713.965 2l.977
|
- -
21.7l, 20.8ll
|| || |
-2,8.79 193.03| 29.371, ll. O5l

ll;
2l 233 .30 617.8| 8.325 32 57.16| 52.2b 136.0811.923

|
|
l.
22 l.6l3 ll. 56 l,82.9 -237.98 197.25 8.8Ol 28.595 32.976 12.759 31.82 31.82 38.27| 38.2717.567 l?. 567
|
94
Frompublished data,NationalBureau Standards

Monograph(Aug1965).
of
*t *
59
on
SeeTable28 page for properties liquid andvaporparahydrogen.

of
Triple point.
Normal boilingpoint.
Critical point.
*
III–H–2
PARAHYDROGEN
Propertiesof LiquidandVapor”f
Temp P =l atm atm P =5 atm P =10atm P =15atm
°K (Sat temp
=20.27°K) (Sat temp
=22.86°K) (Sat temp=27.19%) (Sat temp=31.3°K.)
T v h s v h 8 y h 8 v h S V h S
cm”/g J/g j/g°K cm”/g J/g J/g"K cm”/g J/g J/g"K cm”/g j/g j/g°K cm”/g | }/g J/g"K
(Sat Liq) ll; .2b -258 8.Ol, ll.9l –230 9.29 16.62 -168 ll. 55 2O.l;7 -76 ll. 37
(SatVapor)| 753.l. l9l 30.2l 398.3 2O2 28.18 162.0 2O2 25.18 68.75 156 21.80
15 l3.25 -3O2 5.55 l3.23 –30l 5.5l, l3.19 –298 5.50 l3.ll. -292 5.l;3 13.Ol, -287 .16
2O ll. l8 –26l T.9l lº.15 =260 7.8 ll. O7 –257 7.82 l3.95 -252 7.72 l3.83 –2,7 7.62
lj .53
25
30
35
97O.O
ll.90
ll,Ol,
23||
30l.
355
32.18 l,53.7
34.66 572.9
36.33| 685.5
229
290
31,6
29.35
31.5l.
33.29
lº.7
253.0
–2Ol
amº
317
# .32
15.27
l8.2l
28.9l, ſloš.1
-l98
-lló
35;
lC.ll
l3.07
2.63
lj.05
l7.38
l,7.28
-l95
-l2l
ll,l;
9.94
l2.62
2O.57
l,O 1616 H09 37.76 795.0 l,02 3,.76 30l.9 379 30.58 l36.5 336 26.98 80.18 286 .39
50 2O35 515 l;0.13||1009 510 37.18 393.5 l;91, 33.16 188.3 l,67 29.9l l2O.l l,39 .83
60 2,51 623 l,2.08 ||1220 618 39.16 l,8l.2 6O7 35.2l 235.3 587 32.10 lS3.5 568 .18
70 2865 732 l,3.78 ll;29 729 l,0.86 567.l 72O 36.96 28O. J. 705 33.92 l8l..6 690 O7
8O 3278 8||7 l,5.31 | 1636 815 l;2.lil 651.8 838 38.53 323.8 826 35.53 2ll,.6 815 .78
lul,
l'OO l;102 llCl l,8.ll; 2050 lC39 l,5.21, 819.6 logl lºl.39 || 1,09.l. lo&7 38. 272.9 1080 .68
21,
hi,
l2O l,887 1378 50.l;l l377 l;7.5l. 978.3 l373 3.73 l,89.9 1368 O.82 327.2 10
l,
1363
l,
ll;0
.
5703 l688 52.80 2853 l687 9.93 lll:3 l685 l;6.13 572.6 l681 l;3.23 382.6 l678
l,
.52
160 6518 2012 5l.96 3261 2Oll 52.09 l307 2010 l,8.30 655.2 2008 l;5.ll 38.1 2OO6 (l
| || ||
l, l,
l8O ll;70
.
7333 2339 56.89 3669 2339 54.02 2338 50.23 737.H 2337 7.3, 93.2 2335 .65
l, l,
2OO 8ll,8 2663 58.60 1,077 2663 55.73 l63, 2663 5l.9l, 819.5 2662 9.06 5H8. 266: 7.37
O
22O 8962 2982 60.ll lil,8l. 2982 57.25 1797 2982 53.h6 90l. Ø982 50.59 6O2.8
I,
£982 3.90
21:0 9777 3291. 6l. ||892 329, 58.6l 1960 3295 5l.82 983.2 .26
l;
3295 5l.95 657.5 3296

|| ||
7
260 10590 3600 62.70 5298 36Ol 59.8l. 2123 36O1 56.05 1065 36O2 53.18 Tl2. 36O1, .50
O
| | ||
28O lll,03 3902 63.82 5705 3902 60.95 2286 3903 57.17 lll:6 3905 5l.3O 766.5 3900 .62
3OO l222O l;2Ol 6l.85 6lll, l;2Ol 61.98 21,50 l,202 58.2O 1228 l;2Ol; 55.33 821.l l;2O6 53.65
Temp 20atm H0atm

=
60atm
=
80atm
=
100atm
P
=
P
P
°K
15 l2.97 -281 5.29
l;5
2O l3.T3 –2H2 7.52 l3.36 –221 –200 l2.82
7.19 l3.O7 6.9l
-lj
-l'79 6.67 12.60 -l97
6.
25 ll.85 -191 9.79 ll; .25 -l?l, 9.30 l3.62 -155 8,92 l3.l;6 8.60 l3.l'7 —llj
8.33
-ll,
|
30 l6.82 -122 l2.30 lS.55 ll.liff ll.8.l. -loo lC).9l lb.29 -83 lo. l;8 l3.88 -65
lC).13
35 22.96 16.Ol lT.66 16.22 12.31,
O
-39 l3.78 -35 l2.92 15.37 –23 ll. T7 -8.

ll.88
ll
l:0 l6.l;5 l;3 l,6
56
5l.30 223 22.Ol 21.63 6l l8.28 ll.99 l6.8l ll. .18 lj.90 l3.59
50 85.98 lilo 26.22 37.31 296 21.TO 25.37 231 l9.16 2l.15 212 l'7.76 l9.03 202 l6.86
6O 548 28.7l, 52.90 l,73 2ly.9l, lºló 36,
6 1 7
34.89 22.5l. 27.25 381 20.93 23.32 l9.80

70 lo. 676 30.l;2 66.58 622 27.2l, lil;.22 577 25.Ol, 33.9l 51,5 23.17 28.27 525 .29
8O l60.2 813 32.l;2 79.22 762 29.ll 53.OO 728 27.05 O.l,7 TOl 25.55 33.36 682
l,
39
1OO 2Ol. lo'72 35.1,2 lo2.8 lol,7
.
32.28 69.38 1025 30.37 52.9l 10O8 28.98 l;3.29996 .89
l2O 2h5.9 l359 37.87 l21.3 l342 34.8l. 81.09 l329 33.Ol 64.25 l319 31.69 52.H6 l3ll .65
ll;0 l66l,
53
75.lil,
ll,
287.9 l675 O.30 5.9 37.32 98.83 1656 35.53 1651 31.25 .2l
l, l,
2OOl, 6l. 1648

|
l60
|
329.7 2.50 167.3 1997 39.5l. ll3.3 l993 37.78 86. l992 36.52 70,38 l99l .5l.
3,
18O 371.2 233; lib.hl, 188.3 233l lºl. 79.08 233,

5l
127.5 2331 39.77 97.22 2332 38.53 .56

53
2OO 12.5 2662 l;6.17 209.3 2662 l;3.25 ll,1.6

l,
2665 lºl. 107.9 2667 l:0.29 87.65 267] 33
.
lil,
22O l,53.7 2983 l;7.To 23O. 2985 .79 155.6 2989 l;3.08 llö. 299; l;1.85
I,
2l, 96.15 3OOO .90

l
!,91,.8 3.297 l;9.OT 250.8 l,6.16 lily.l;6 3.21, 10,

O
.6
3301 l69.5 3306 128.9 33l3 3321 .29
l,
260 535.8 3605 50.30 27 3611 l,7.I,0 l83.3 36.18 5.70 139.3 3606 lili.H9 ll2.9 363, .55
l,
l.
l.
28O 576.( 3908 5l. l;2 292.0 3915 l,8.53 l97.1 3923 l,6.8l, 11,9.7 3932 l;5.63 l2l.
339;2 .69
3OO 617.7 l,208 52.l,6 312.5 l,216 9.57 210.9 l,225 7.88 160.l l,235 l;6.67 .7l,
129.6 21.5
l,
l,
l,
Temp ll;0 atm 2,0 atm
=
200atm
=
300atm
P
310atm
P
=
P
°K
2O 12.2l, –ll, 6.08 ll.8l -50 5.62
56
12.7O -71, 7.87 l2.18 -l2 ll.9l ll.

7.
7.32 29 Ol 6.62 ll. 36

2
90 31 39
12.62 ll. 88
l
3O –27
.
l3.27 9.57 32 8.92 l2.28 72 8.57 l32 8.l2 ll.65 l?l .86
35 l3.9l, 26 ll. l.9 l3.12 81 10.lil, l2.Tl ll.9 l(),Ol, l2.23 l?8 9.23 ll. 87 216 9.25
l;0 ll. 71, 8l, 17.75 l3.69 l35 ll. 88 l3.20 171 ll. H3 l2.63 228 10.87 l2.32 269 55
.
50 l6.77 215 15.67 15.05 25l. .53 ll. 33 286 13.98 13.53
ll.
337 l3.32 13.12 373 .9l

60 19.l;0 360 l8.31 16.7l 386 16.93 lj.67 lil 16.28 la.58 l,58 15.52 ll. Ol. 1,9] 20
u83
36
70 22.50 5ll 20.65 18.63 526 19.09 l'7.l.9 l8, 15.75 588 l'7.5l 15.06 618 7.05
5
8O 25.81, 666 22.70 2O.7l, 673 21.06 18.87 690 20.27 l?.03 726 19.3% l6.16 793 18.86
5,
lCO 32.7l 983 26.2% 25.25 986 2h. 22.18 998 23.70 19.79 lO27 22. 18.5L 1991 22.17
(l
|
15
loo"K, frompublished
data,NationalBureau Standards Monograph94(Aug1965).
toto
of
Datafrom
*
Datafrom120 300°K,published datafromNationalBureau Standards,

of
TechnicalNote130(Dec1961).
27
55
on page for properties saturated liquidandsaturatedvaporparahydrogen.

of
See Table
f
Boldhorizontalline indicatesphasechange(liquid above,vaporbelowtheline)

for Units, to Equivalent British System’
Conversions
in
of Units:
by
ToToToToTo
converttemperature degrees Kelvin(“K) degrees (“R), multiply(°K)

to
Rankine 1.8
ininin in
by
convertpressure atmospheres (atm) (psia), multiply(atm) 11.696

to
in
by
pergram(cm"/g) (cu ft/lb), multiply(cm”/g) .016018

to
convertvolume (v) cubiccentimeters

by
convertenthalpy joulespergram(J/g) (Btu/lb), multiply(J/g)

to
(h) .2993
by
.
“K
convertentropy(s) joulespergram (J/g°K) (Btu/lb"R),multiply(3/g’K) .23885

to
III–H–3
TEMPERATURE- ,
ENTROPY
CHART FOR
PARAHYDROGEN
PRESSURE (P) ofm.
90
DENSITY (p) g mole/ cm”
ENTHALPY(H) Joules/g mole
NotionalBureauof Sfondords
CryogenicsDivision
Boulder,Colorado
8O
7O
6O
5o
•– ?–- -
s
l
H=500Joul s/g mole .
|
%2" #-~+
2O 3O 4O 5O 6O 7O
ENTROPY, Joules /g mole *K
III–H–4. 1
INTERIM T-S CHART
FOR PARAHYDRO GEN
TEMPERATURE *K
275
PRESSURE (P) atm.
(p)
DENSIT gm/cm’
Y
ENT HALPY (H) Joules/gm
ENTROPY Joules/gm *K
NotionalBureauof Stondards
Cryogenic
Engineering
Loboratory
Boulder,
Colorado
25O
*
2OO
| 75
|
|50
|25
|OO
8O
25 3O 35 40 45 5O 55 6O 65
ENTROPY, Joules/gm -*K

TN
Prepared Standards, Note,130 1961,

of
for:National
Bureau Technical (PB161631)
GDecember
oodwin;
by
M.
Thermodynamic forParahydrogen",
H.
"Provisional
Cryogenic Center, Fur.ctionsStandards, Rode D.
Boulder,
Colorado,property the
III–H-4.
of
Data
reported National
Bureau from
terperature functions
entropy
R. to
RBSTS130.
Thesefunctions
wereusedcalculate and forall
i in
2
senthalps
8. of
intersections
isobars
and andf or
intersections
ofisobars
andi sometric
lines.
1
pºints necessarycompleteprecise
D.to
Addi onal
property were
also
c alculated
as the definition
ofthe
W.
Ine
.:
Stewart, McCarty,Griffith
R.
B.
T.
(December
1961)
900
8OO
7OO
6OO
5OO
4OO
3OO
2OO
|OO
*----- - - - +—
-— —
----------> CRITICAL POINT -
---
+
— |OO
– 200
– 30O
-ENTHALPY - ENTROPY CHART
FOR PA R A HYDROGEN
TEMPERATURE (T) oK
—40O PRESSURE (P) Ofm
DENSITY (p) g mole/cm”
Nofiono| Bureauof Stondords
CryogenicsDivision
Boulder, Colorado
—5OO
– 6OO
2O 3O 4O 50 6O 7O
ſº,;",
ENT ROPY, Joules/g mole “K ,“,ſº

1. F:3I’,
Nºth;4] jh “f*. ynan:!

;;--t ...
fºur-au "...an Tº
ui And
} , tº
,, tº
":
.[. t1,
p:
*
y) :‘;
“hyd Li,
:;
(it. ...
º-ri J3°F. P: 11
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.. :
:
. f
1. ..
3 :I
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,ſº
l;
t.
H
1'•..t.
M.
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i.
th "'t,
y:
-- in ºn
it.
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.
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.. .
a.
*-
tº
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.
, |**‘.
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ºf tinndis:
.
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III–H-5
(NJ
O
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oS
oS
º.
–
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Reprinted from
<>
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>< ~
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|
+}}}}
III–H-6
Report 8812
AdOSIN3
E
1
Å
!!
N
GJEOQC1E? d'O ICJ 3-d-l 38 ON SE

T
w
LEG NEENA ITIQOE 188 Wn W&JON

C]
* N|
Q30ſhC38
AJO OHL NV VAJVd N3908C]ÅH
E.
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o XI
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HTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTL
*
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY *mººd
==
of LIQUID HYDROGEN
( Normal dnd Pord)
2 O 25 3O
TEMPERATURE, *k
III–I-1. 1
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of LIQUID NORMAL and PARA HYDROGEN
Source of Data : Powers, R. W., Mattox, R. W., and Johnston, H. L.,

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 5968 and 5972 (1951).
§:
Other References:
Fºys. (U.S.S.R.) lo, 998
Borovik, E., Matveev, A. and Panina, E., J. Tech.
Schaefer, C. A., and Thodos, G.,
Ind. Eng. Chem. 50, 1585 (1958).
Comments: The only available information on the thermal conductivity of liquid

hydrogen is that of Powers, Mattox and Johnston, who find that there
is no significant difference between the conductivity of normal and of
para hydrogen. They reduced their data to a straight line curve having
the equation
k = (1.702 + 0.05573 T) x lo-" cal cm−1 sec-1 deg".
Data for both normal and para hydrogen are shown on this curve of ex
perimental points, and the probable error of 2% is greater than the
differences in the conductivities of the normal and para forms. In the
measurements, corrections were made in the case of normal hydrogen, for
the heat liberated in the spontaneous conversion of the normal to the
para form. The curve has a positive slope showing that the thermal
conductivity increases with temperature. This contrasts with the change
of thermal conductivities of other low boiling liquids N2, CO, CH, and
and C2H), previously investigated, which show a decreasing conductivity
with rising temperature as shown by the work +of Powers, Mattox and Johnston,
*
and by Borovik, Matveev and Panina.
Schaefer and Thodos have developed curves showing a Reduced Thermal

Conductivity Correlation for gaseous and liquid hydrogen, using data of
other investigators.
No data on thermal conductivity of solid hydrogen has been found.
Thermal conductivity values computed from the equation:

k = (1.702 + .05573 T) lo-" cal/cm secºk
Temp. K k Temp. K k
°K
Watts cal watts cal
°K
secº
*f;
secº
ºf:
Cºa Cººl sm cm
16 10.85 lo-" 2.593 10T 2l; 12.72 lo-" 3.01.0 lo-"
x
ll.08 !?
!!
2.6l.9
||
17 12.95
!I
25 3.095
18 ll. 32
1
!?
II
2.705 26 l3.18 3.15l

!I
ll. 55 2.76l
11 tº
!I
19
f:
27 13.H2 3.2O7
ll. 79
!{
2O 2.817
!.
28
!!
13.65 3.262
||
2l l2.02 2.872
!I
!!
13.88
!!
3.318
!!
29
22 12.25
11
2.928 ll.lz ti !!
!!
30 3.37k
12.18 2.981;
|?
!I
23
:
III–I–1.2
2.O
THERMAL CONDUCT TY
V
|
|
of GASEO US HYDROGEN
one dtmosphere pressure
of
Norm and Poro

o
(
)
I
Norm
a
.2•
I.O
3O 6O 90 |2O 15O 80 2|O 24 27O 3OO

O
|
TEMPERATURE, "K
III–I-2.
1
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of GASEOUS HYDROGEN
(Normal and Para)
Sources of Data:
• , ,Ortho-Para Hydrogen
ge. and Heavy Hydrogen,
gººd Cambridge University
Press (1935)
Hilsenrath, J., et al., Nat. Bur. Standards Cir. 56, 285 (1955)
Other References:
Andrussow, L., J. Chim. Phys. 52, 295 (1955)
Godridge, A. M., Bull. Brit. Coal Utilisation Research Assoc. 18, 1 (1954)
Johnston, H. L. and Grilly, E. R., J. Chem. Phys. 1, 233 (1916)
Schaerer, C. A. and Thodos, G., Ind. Eng. Chem. 50, 1585 (1958)
#;" D. H. and Hershey, R. L., Cryogenic Eng. Conf. Proc., Paper 2.02
Comments:
The lower curve, being that for normal hydrogen, represents the data
given in the Nat. Bur. Standards Cir. 56!. -
#:
-
Table l. Selected Values of Thermal Conduc-
Table /kn
tivity from Circular 564 for Gaseous Mormal 2
Hydrogen and Corresponding Values Computed for - alues computed

- by
y Farkas
Gaseous Para Hydrogen
Temp.
k Il kTº Temp.
milliwatt *p milliwatt *p
O
K E.T.: kn am sk °K kn
O.O7l; l. OOO O.O7l; l. OOO

l'O
2O O. lj
5 l. OOO 0.155
30
30 O. 229 l. OOO O. 229 l:0 l.OOl

l:0 0.293 l.OOl 0.298
5O l.OOl;
5O 0.362 l.004 0.363

6O 0.422 l. Ol'7 75 l.05l
0.1129
3O 0.5H2 l.066 O. 578 lOO l.l36
lOO 0.664 l, lj6 O.75l.
l25 l.l.96
:
l2O l.l.90 0.94l
0.7995
ll:0 0.9l8 l.204 l. 105 . lBO l. 203
l60 l.043 l. 195 l. 246
l60 l. 166 l. 167 l. 36l 175 l.l75
l. 282
2OO l.l 35
2OO l. l.25 l. HB5
220 l. 398 l, l03 l. 542 22 5 l.096
09
240 l. 507 l.076 l'Éls
200 l. 613 l.055 l.TO2 250 l.065
270 l. 665 l. Ol;6 l. 7:15 273 l. Olil;

28O l. 717 l,039 l.784
3OO l. 8165 l.027 l.8655 298 1.028
III–I-2. 2
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Reprinted
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'X',
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Ol. LV8
O
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III–I-3
from NBS Report 8812
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L
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OW
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o XI
W31 Bd ‘3&n1w
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LIQUID HYDROGEN
Source of
Data : Stewart, J. W. (1961), The Dielectric Polarizability of Fluid Parahydrogen. , J. Chem.
Phys. (in press).
Other References:
Breit, G., and Onnes, H. K. (1924), Preliminary Measurements Concerning the Dielectric
Constant of Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Oxygen and Its Dependence on Temperature
as Regards the Latter Substance, , Kon. Akad. Wetenschap. Amsterdam 33, 705-8; Proc.
Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 27, 617–20 (193); Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leſden No. 171a
(1921); C.A. 19, 758 (T325).
Wolfke, M., and Onnes, H. K. (1921), On the Dielectric Constant of Liquid and Solid
Hydrogen. , Kon. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 33, 701-h; Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 27, 627-30
(1921); Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden 171c (1921); C.A. 19, 758 (1925).
Werner, W., and Keesom, W. H. (1925), The Variation of the Dielectric Constant of Liquid
and Solid Hydrogen with Temperature. , Kon. Acad. Wetenschap. Amsterdam 745-54; 3,
Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden No. 178a (1926); C.A. 20, 1168 (1926).
Guillien, R. (1939), The Dielectric Constants of Hydrogen. , Rev. Sci. TI, 575;
Zentr. 1910, II,
1839; C.A. 36, 685l (1912).
Chem.
Guillien, R. (1910), La Constante dielectrique au Voisinage du Point de Fusion. (The

Dielectric Constant in the Vicinity of the Fusion Point.), J. Phys. radium (8) 1,
29-33; C.A. 31, 311.5 (1910).
Van Itterbeek, J. (1912), Détermination de la Constante Dielectrique

A., and Spaepen,
du Deuterium Liquide. (Determination of the Dielectric Constant of Liquid Deuterium.),
Physica 9, 339-lilº; C.A. 37, 5292 (1943).
Maryott, A. A., and Smith, E. R. (1951), Table of Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids. ,
National Bureau of Standards Circular No. 5ll; C. A. H6, 2357 (1952).
COmments:
Stewart reports the dielectric constant of parahydrogen for the range 21, to 100°K at
densities up to 0.08 g/cm". The experiment shows that the dielectric constant depends
only on density. Tabular values are presented as calculated from the following equation:
(e + 2) pſ(e - i) = 0.99575 - 0.09069p + 1.1227.p" with p in g/cm". Since the values are
tabulated as a function of density the usual distinction between gas and liquid could not
be accomplished and so all of the values are tabulated as liquid hydrogen data.
The earliest measurements on the dielectric constants of saturated liquid hydrogen were
made by Breit and Onnes. They report values for 7 to 76 cm Hg and ll.
l.2
to
20.38°K.
Wolfke and Onnes continued the above work and obtained additional values over the same
range.
From series of experiments at various dates, Werner and Keesom concluded that the best
a
20.36°K (the boiling point) was l.231

of
of
the dielectric constant

at
value hydrogen
l
accuracy They also report values between ll.lo and 20.49°K.

of
an
to
ll
0.02%.
Guillien wave length of and reported values from ll.OO to 20.60°K.

m
used 2.250
a
and Spaepen report l.226 at 755 mm of Hg and 20.35°K.

of
Van Itterbeek value

a
Maryott and Smith have selected the value

of
at
°K
l.228 20.1 and atmosphere.

l
III—J-l.
1
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LIQUID HYDROGEN
(cont.)
Stewart (1961)
tº
Densit
O,005
Dielectric
Constant
l. Oljlj
O. Olo l.03016
O.Ol; 1.04591;
0.020 l.06158
0.025 l.07739
0.030 l.09336
O.035 l. 10950
O.Ol:0 l. 12580
O.Ol;5 l.ll;226
O.050 l. 15889
O.O55 l.l7569
O.060 l. 19265
O.O65 l. 20977
O.OTO l.22705
O.O.75 l. 21,1,1,9
O.08O l.262.10
Taken from NBS Report 8252
III—J–1.2
Dielectric constant and Clausius-Mossotti function for fluid para-hydrogen.
Density Temp. Dielectric Ap/p Corr. CM Density Temp. Dielectric Ap/p Corr. CM
(10-'g/cm3) °K Constant % cm3/g (10-'g/cm3) °K Constant % cm3/g
0.016765 28 1.00505 +0.036 1.00228 0.358512 80 1. 11219 —0.024 1.00576

0025715 28 1.00776 +0.039 1.00304 0360054 50 1. 11269 +0.008 1.00541
0026519 40 1.00801 +0.030 1.00359 0398586 65 1.12530 —0.026 1.00611
0034449 28 1.01041 +0.035 1.00339 04.00016 42 1. 12579 0 1.00600
0037412 32 1.01132 +0.024 1,004:49 04.00223 70 1.12579 —0.015 1.00567
0050222 50 1.01521 +0.004 1.00421 0401574 40 1.12634 +0.061 1.00569
0056184 38 1.01702 +0.029 1.00374 0404005 55 1. 12710 —0.005 1.00613
0056650 80 1.01717 –0.007 1.00481 0405146 50 1. 12741 +0.009 1.00548
00571.70 33 1.01733 +0.035 1.00455 0407482 60 1. 12817 —0.004 1.00556
0059522 80 1.01805 —0.027 1.00495 04.09102 100 1.12870 —0,070 1.00617
006015.3 32 1.01825 +0.036 1.00505 040918.5 46 1.12880 0 1.00608
0060244 55 1.01826 +0.003 1.00413 04:18687 55 1. 13187 +0.002 1.00566
0067.220 65 1.02040 —0.036 1.00506 0421467 38 1. 13300 +0.087 1.00635
007.5221 40 1.02284 +0.038 1.00390 0422553 48 1. 13321 +0.014 1.00602
007.77.18 100 1.02362 –0.029 1.00546 0423174 34 1. 13359 +0. 167 1.00578
0079296 90 1.02410 —0.041 1.00527 0423378 80 1. 13340 —0.031 1.00589
008:1568 42 1.02478 0 1.00441 0423652 80 1. 13350 —0.026 1,00588
0088321 32 1.02692 +0.042 1.00669 0430.425 90 1. 13572 –0.041 1.00600
0089202 60 1.02712 —0.005 1.00449 04357.56 33 1. 13761 +0. 110 1.00537
0090032 46 1.02739 0 1.00491 0449143 70 1. 14189 —0.013 1.00564
0092.193 55 1.02807 —0.004 1.00537 04.50937 55 1. 14527 —0.002 1.00606
00945.74 48 1.02879 +0.011 1.00499 0465613 55 1. 14736 +0.004 1.00554
0098575 70 1.03002 —0.014 1.00515 0466349 60 1.14758 –0.003 1.00546
0.104944 34 1.03204 +0.061 1.00639 0474182 32 1. 15050 +0.090 1.00653
01.15753 32 1.03545 +0.068 1.00837 0478433 90 1. 15162 —0.040 1.005.94
0115854 50 1.03534 +0.003 1.00498 0482057 44 1. 15290 +0.021 1.00578
01.23237 80 1.03764 —0.010 1.00466 0483.569 80 1. 15333 —0.025 1.00577
0.12557.1 37 1.03839 +0.074 1.00544 048.5595 80 1. 15399 —0.020 1.00566
0.126507 55 1.03865 +0.003 1.00533 0489.245 100 1. 15517 –0.098 1.00620
0.136309 80 1.041.69 —0.030 1.00578 0491.168 40 1. 15598 +0.034 1.00592
0141772 40 1.04337 +0.051 1.00456 0505522 55 1. 16073 —0.002 1.00593
0.148742 65 1.04557 –0.033 1.00634 0506885 90 1. 16110 —0.039 1.00580
0.149419 32 1.04601 +0. 119 1.00888 0508042 60 1. 16147 —0.003 1.00536
0.151000 44 1.04624 +0.035 1.00490 0508572 55 1. 16168 +0.004 1.00547
0160449 100 1.04918 —0.034 1.00561 0511043 46 1. 16260 –0, 002 1.00608
0.163584 90 1.0501.7 –0.043 1.00592 0511195 33 1. 16276 +0.044 1.00627
0173114 80 1.05316 —0.013 1.00584 0511906 42 1. 16289 —0.003 1.00606
0.173229 33 1.05325 +0.219 1.00459 0513428 34 1. 16371 +0.062 1.00726
0180477 38 1.05551 +0. 132 1.00530 0516423 65 1. 16433 —0.021 1.00580
0186.593 46 1.05743 0 1,00667 0516663 70 1. 16435 —0.012 1.00540
0195968 55 1.06033 —0.013 1.00607 O520167 37 1. 16575 +0.043 1.00612
0.196746 42 1.06064 0 1.00698 0527490 40 1. 16813 +0.023 1.00586
0205823 80 1.06341 —0.033 1.00608 0529592 38 1. 16888 +0.033 1.00595
0206474 50 1.06362 +0.009 1.00560 0535897 55 1. 17085 +0.002 1.00541
0210203 34 1.06496 +0.286 1.00536 0536103 100 1. 17082 —0. 100 1.00591
0218806 70 1.06748 —0.017 1.00555 0540023 33 1. 17240 +0.037 1.00597
0220768 90 1. 06812 —0.047 1.00621 0541.247 34 1. 17283 +0.032 1.00607
0221520 60 1.06833 –0.005 1.00530 0541535 80 1. 17271 ––0.022 1.00546
0221767 48 1.06850 +0.015 1.00646 054557.7 80 1. 17406 —0.017 1.00534
0223416 34 1.06941 +0.518 1.00689 0546103 48 1. 17438 +0.006 1.00589
0224424 65 1.06926 —0.032 1.00585 0547645 30 1. 17521 +0.078 1.006.79
0225.738 100 1.06968 —0.037 1.00590 0555.256 40 1. 17748 +0.019 1.005.75
0238542 80 1.07374 —0.016 1.00587 0556653 55 1. 17790 —0.001 1.00568
0249848 55 1.07734 —0.014 1.00609 0567377 44 1. 18155 +0.010 1.00563
0253596 40 1.07861 +0.091 1.00596 0567641 70 1. 18151 —0.010 1.00517
0.264823 46 1,08216 0 1.00656 0574922 33 1. 18415 +0.025 1.00570
0281923 80 1.08753 —0.030 1.00592 0576415 32 1. 18479 +0.023 1.00637
0283158 37 1.08817 —H·0.224 1.00607 0577663 40 1. 18507 +0.016 1,00570
0286633 90 1.08904 —0.047 1.00611 0580169 30 1. 18614 +0.054 1.00645
0293817 50 1.091.33 +0.009 1.00546 0587536 34 1. 18860 +0.029 1.00641
0296.176 55 1.092.13 –0.007 1.00605 0597621 40 1, 19185 +0.014 1.00561
0300691 42 1.09362 0 1.00644 0597998 33 1. 19200 +0.020 1.00564
0301.108 80 1.09367 —0.018 1,00576 0599697 80 1. 19238 —0.009 1.00496
0309977 65 1.09653 —0.031 1.00601 0601563 70 1. 19302 —0.010 1.00497
0315579 60 1.09831 –0.005 1.00549 0606167 38 1. 19478 +0.016 1.00565
0316387 44 1.09863 +0.048 1.00556 0606252 65 1. 19467 —0.019 1.00533
0326522 100 1. 10184 —0.048 1.00598 0606256 55 1. 19473 —0.001 1.00542
0328298 48 1. 10248 +0.019 1.00598 0613601 28 1. 19744 +0.029 1.00604
0336164 70 1.10495 —0.017 1.00562 0614400 42 1, 19758 —0.002 1.00559
0346550 55 1. 10838 –0.006 1.00616 0615782 46 1. 19803 —0.001 1.00559
0.347869 80 1. 10875 –0.030 1.00586 0622470 34 1. 20050 +0.022 1.00620
0348913 90 1. 10908 –0.045 1.00596 0625155 34 1. 20128 +0.013 1.00563
0349320 55 1. 10922 +0.006 1.00553 0626175 70 1. 20141 —0.010 1.00483
III—J-1. 3
Density Temp. Dielectric Ap/p Corr, CM Density Temp. Dielectric Ap/p Corr. CM
(10-)g/cm3) °K ConStant % cin’/g (10-'g/cm3) °K Constant % cm”/g
06.271.71 48 1.20192 —H·0.003 1.00548 07.14887 46 1.23222 —0.001 1.00499

0628268 26 1.20247 --0.036 1.00596 07.17522 34 1.23318 ––0.006 1.00506
0629.227 32 1, 20277 --0.012 1.00606 0719501 28 1.23391 +0.015 1.00513
0637022 26 1. 20547 --0.034 1.00589 0720832 24 1.234.43 --0.015 1.00536
0637244 30 1. 20556 –-0.033 1.00597 0721993 26 1.23.477 --0.015 1.00507
063996.1 3S 1. 20635 --0.013 1.00552 0722890 38 1.23506 +0.004 1.00508
0647953 34 1. 20924 –H0.018 1.00604 0725677 34 1.23615 --0.009 1.00547
06:4S389 28 1. 20933 +0.019 1.00577 0.731547 48 1.23801 0 1.00478
06-19919 44 1. 20972 +0.005 1.00527 0732545 30 1.23852 +0.017 1.00523
0651773 26 1.2105.2 +0.028 1.00579 07.32894 44 1.23847 --0.002 1.00471
0600S6S 32 1.21365 --0.011 1.00586 07:482.11 48 1.24381 () 1.00455
0662032 55 1.21407 —0.003 1.00515 07:492.59 24 1. 24.433 +0.012 1.00501
()670511 3S 1. 21689 --0.010 1.00542 0750821 33 1. 24.477 --0.004 1.00466
()671388 48 1.21713 --0.001 1.00527 0752291 32 1.24538 +0.005 1.00501
0677296 34 1. 21936 --0.014 1.00588 07:56042 44 1. 24654 +0.002 1.004-42
0677346 37 1.21926 --0.011 1.00543 0756764 26 1. 24687 --0.012 1.00460
;
067.9330 26 1.22000 +0.026 1.00548 0757.538 37 1.24716 -–0.005 1.00.472
06S0691 33 1.22038 --0.010 1.00525 0763224 28 1.24916 --0.007 1.00467
06S3305 28 1.22137 --0.014 1.00550 0764242 30 1.24958 +0.008 1.00490
0684323 65 1.22147 —0.022 1.00482 0765562 48 1.24986 —0.004 1.00430
I.
0.691.192 44 1.22397 --0.005 1.00504 0770045 44 1.251.43 –0.001 1.00422
#; º.
0.691725 38 1.22422 008 1.00528
;
0.774111 37 1.25297 —0.001 1.00.459
O695061 30 1.22549 +}
+0.020 1.00561 0777903 .25 —0.001 1.0()409
0696.403 2. 1.22598 ––0.018 1,00570 ;
48 1,00512
069S405 1. 22649 +0.001
Töö. iodiss
07.02519
0703164
34
32
1.22809
1.22827
––0.012
–-0.006
1.00566
1.00554
0781763
0789785
34
26
i.25562
. ZSS
1.25847
+0.002
+0.006
nº
1.00439
07.09360 38 1.23034 +0.00S 1.00513 0790084 28 1.25859 +0.004 1.00435
0713561 42 1.23176 —0.001 1.00501 0792892 32 1. 25962 0 1.00453
07.13744 55 1.23174 – 0.006 1.00474 0796441 42 1.26071 —0.001 1.00391
Taken from R. B. Stewart and H.M. Roder, chapter il. Properties

of Normal and Parahydrogen. p. 379-404 in Technoloby and Uses of
Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon Press, New York (1964)
III—J–1. 4.
DIELECTRIC constanT OF GASEOUS HYDROGEN
rce of stewart, J. W. (1961), The Dielectric Polarizability of Fluid Parahydrogen. , J. Chem.

ata: Phys. (in press).
e Iſ Boltzmann, L. (1875), Pogg. Ann. Physik 155, 103-22. -
II,
21,
e CeIl Ce S : J. 5th-611; Akad. Wies. Wien. Tl2.
91
clemencic, (1885), Exuers Rep.
Scheel, (1907), Bestimmung der Brechungsexponenten von Gasen bei Zimmertemperatur

K.
of
of
und bei der temperatur der Flussigen Luft. (Determination the Index Refraction
Liquid Air.), Verhandl, deut.
of
of
at
Gases
at
Room Temperature and the Temperature
9,
l.,
Physik. Ges. 24-36; 1823 (1907).
C.
A.
Tangl, (1908), tiber Die Dielektrizitätskonstante einiger Gase bei hohem Druck.
K.
(Regarding the Dielectric Constants of Several Gases at High Pressure.), Ann. Physik
2,
26, 59-78; C.A. 2492 (1908).
C., and Cuthbertson, Air,
On
and Dispersion
of
*Cuthbertson, (1910),
M.
the Refraction
Oxygen, Nitrogen and Hydrogen and their Relations. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 83A,
,
151; P.A. 13, 362 (1910).
The Dispersion the Ultraviolet Spectrum.,

of
*Koch, (1913),
in
Substances
J.
Gaseous
I,
8,
Arkiv Mat. Astron. Fysik No. 20; 2711 (1913).

C.
The Dispersion Light A. Region.
of
*Koch, (1913), the Ultraviolet
in
in
Arkiv Mat.
J.
Gases
,
9,
Fysik
6;
Astron. No. P.A. 17, 233 (1911).

Occhialini, A. (1911), The Dielectric Constant of Hydrogen at High Pressures. Atti Accad.
II,
,
8,
22
Lincei 1,82-84; 1370 (1911).

C.
A.
Occhialini, Some Strongly

I,of
(1914), The Dielectric Constant Compressed Gases and the

A.
8,
Mossotti-Clausius Relation. Nuovo cimento 108-26; 2518 (1911).
A.
C.
,
Riegger, (1919), tiber die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Dielektrizitätekonstanten von

H.
Gases.),
of
of
Gasen. (Concerning the Temperature Dependence the Dielectric Constant

Ann. Physik 59, 753–60; ll,
C.
A.
877 (1920).
*Kirn, (1921), The Dispersion Physik 6l., 566;

of
the Ultraviolet.
in
M.
Hydrogen Ann.
,
C.A. 15, 22.7 (1921).

Fritts, Constant and Magnetic
of
(1923), The Measurement the Dielectric

E.
C.
Susceptibility
by
High Frequency Methods. Phys. Rev. 21, 198.

of
Gases
,
Fritts, Five Gases by

c.
of
E.
of
(1921), Determination the Dielectric Constants

a
A
High Frequency Method. Phys. Rev. 23, 345-56; C.A. 18, 11.23 (1924).
,
Halogen Hydrides. Phys.

of
of
Zahn, C. T. (192h), The Electric Moment Gaseous Molecules

,
Rev. 2k, l,00-17; C.A. 19, 126 (1925).
E., Rao,
&
of
G., and Ramaswamy, (1931), The Dielectric Coefficients

L.
H.
Watson,
G.
H.
Gases. Part The Rare Gases and Hydrogen. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 132A, 569–85;
I:
C.A. 25, 5320 (1931).

of
Uhlig, H., Kirkwood, G., and Keyes, (1933), The Dependence Dielectric
F.
G.
J.
H.
1,
Constants of Gases on Temperature and Density. - Chem. Phys. 155-59; C.A. 27,
J.
,
1790 (1933).
A., Sanders, P., and Schipper,

of
Michels, (1935), The Dielectric Constant Hydrogen

A.
2,
up
25°C and 100°C., Physica 753-6;

of
to
at
Temperatures
at
Pressures ll:25 Atm and -

C.A. 30, 919 (1936).
Wan Itterbeek, A., and Spaepen, J. (1913), Mesures sur la Constante Diélectrique de
Quelques Gaz non Polaires (Hº, D", He, l'Air)
Co
of
la
et
Température
et
Entre
20°Abs. (Measurements of the Dielectric Constants of Several Non-polar
et
Ordinaire
Between Ordinary Temperature and 20°Abs.),
Oa
Co
Gases (H2, D2, He, and Air) and

Physica lo, 173–84; C.A. 38, 5kk2 (19bl.).
III—J–2.
1
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS HYDROGEN
(cont.)
Hector, L. G., and Woernley, D. L. (1916), The Dielectric Constants of Eight Gases.,
Phys. Rev. 69, 101-05; C.A. |0, 2266 (1916).
Van Itterbeek, A., and de Clippeleir, K. (1916), Mésures Sur la Constante Diélectrique
de l'Anhydride Carbonique, de l'Ammoniaque Ainsi que de Mélanges. (Measurement
of the Dielectric Constants of Carbonic Anhydride, of Ammonia as Well as of
Mixtures.), Physica 12, 97-104; C.A. lo, 56.13 (1916).
Wan Itterbeek, A. , and de Clippeleir, K. (1918), Measurements on the Dielectric Constant

of Gaseous NHa, CO, and Ha as a Function of Pressure and Temperature., Physica tºº ll,
349-56; C. A. l.2, 8036 (1918).
Miller, J.G. (1918), VI - Dielectric-Constant and Refractivity Data. , Trans. A.S.M.E.

70, 61,5-h9; C. A. l.2, 7ll7 (1918).
Zieman, C. M. (1951), Dielectric Constants of Various Gases at 91.70 Mc., Phys. Rev.
83, 243; C. A. lić, 6ll.9 (1952).
Ishiguro, E., Arai, T., Kotani, M., and Mizushima, M. (1952), Polarizability of the
Hydrogen Molecule. , Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 65A, 178-87; c.A. l,6, 1829 (1952).
Zieman, C. M. (1952), Dielectric Constants of Various Gases at 91.70 Mc., J. Appl. Phys.
23, 154; C. A. Ló, 6419 (1952).
Essen, L. (1953), The Refractive Indices of Water Vapour, Air, Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Hydrogen, Deuterium and Helium. ,9 Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 66B,
>+” 189-93; C. A. l. *I,
9083f (1953).
Maryott, A. A., and Buckley, F. (1953), Table of Dielectric Constants and Electric
Dipole Moments of Substances in the Gaseous
State. , Natl. Bur. Standards. Circ. 537;
l.T
C. A. 10928 (1953).
Comments:
Both Boltzmann and Clemencic found the value of the dielectric constant of hydrogen at
atm pressure Scheel reports dielectric constant of
°C
to
and be l.000261.
0
a
l
l.00027166 at 0°C and atm.

l
Tangl made experimental determinations at pressures from 20 to 100 atmospheres and by

extrapolation found the value
be
l.000273. To substantiate their

at
to
20°C and atm.

l
value they show the complete agreement of their measurement with the Cauchy relation,
by which the square of the index of refraction at 20°C and atm. and infinite wave
l
length is equal to the dielectric constant.

nº l.000136 and nº, l.000273.
=
the relation 1)/p(D

(D
is of
of
Occhialini that the value Clausius-Mossotti

2)
found
+
-
dielectric constant and density) more nearly constant than 1)p.

(D
(D
is
is
p
They call the former relation by the name of Lorenz-Lorentz. In Occhialini's second
article previous observations are confirmed and he gives value of l.0002705 for
a
76
at
hydrogen 0°C and cm Hg.
Riegger made measurements pressures of 100, 600, final

at
at
-191°C and 760 mmHg. His

result calculated for 16.5°C and 760 mmHg
is
1.000253.
Fritts reported
in
at
of
of
value l.00022l 0°C and atm. 1923 and value l.000263

a
a
l
in frequency method operating

at
0.0000015 1921. He used beat 0.8 Mc.

+
III—J–2.2
(cont.)
Zahn found l.000265 as the average of 19 readings at 0°C and l atmosphere.
Watson et al. measured the dielectric constant by the heterodyne beat method at 25 and
-191°C. They report values of l.0002518 and l.0002515 for 25°C and 760 m, determined
from measurements at 25 and -191°C respectively. They also report values of 1.0002749
and l.0002716 for oºc and 760 mm, determined from measurements at 25 and -191°C
respectively. These values are compared with those given by optical methods where the
square of the index of refraction at 0°C as measured at infinite wavelength is given as
l.0002716.
Uhlig et al. report values determined by a heterodyne beat method at 0 and 100°C for
pressures from 30 to 150 atmospheres.
Van Itterbeek and Spaepen report values at temperatures from 20.3 to 293.3°K.
Michels et al. report values of dielectric constant for pressures up to l!25 atm and
temperatures from 25 to loo”C. Only the 25°C isotherm is given here.
Hector and Woernley report a value of l.OOOO2721, it O.OOOOOOlo at 0°C and l atmosphere
obtained by a heterodyne beat method.

compilation of dielectric constant values for 0 °C and l
atmosphere. Because index of
refraction data extrapolated to infinite wavelength are regarded as a more accurate
source of dielectric constant values, Miller gives for comparison values of n.
Preliminary values of Van Itterbeek and de Clippeleir published in 1916 at 0.8 Mc are
reported for a pressure of l
atm. and temperatures between 0 and 90°C. *
In 1918 the above authors published data at pressures from 760 to llooo m Hg in three
temperature ranges, namely 0, 20, and loo"C.
Ishiguro et al. applied the variation method to calculate the polarizability O. using a
modification of the wave function of James-Coolidge. Matrix elements of C. were calculated
by the use of the Morse function and its characteristic functions. On this basis they
calculated the dielectric constant of hydrogen to be l.0002666. They quote earlier
experimental values of l.000273, l.000263, l.000259, and l.000265.
Zieman made use of a cavity comparator and a microwave refractometer in his measurements
at 91.70 Mc and reported a value of l.OOC355 + 0.000005 at STP (0°C and atm.). l
As this
value is well above all earlier measurements, and does not agree with the square of the
index of refraction at infinite wave length, its accuracy should be questioned.
reports the index of

Essen refraction of gaseous hydrogen at 0°C and 760 mm of Hg as
l.OOOl360. Using the relation e = n , we obtain e = l.0002720.
procedures in order to place the work of various experimentors on a more comparable
basis than exists in the literature. They recommend a value of l.0002538 + 0.0000003
at 20°C and l
atmosphere.
t
Stewart reports the dielectric constant of parahydrogen for the range 21 to 100°K at
densities up to 0.08 g/cm”. The experiment shows that the dielectric constant depends
only on density. Tabular values are presented as calculated frºm the following equation:
(e 2) pſ(e - i) = 0.99575 - 0.09069p + 1.12279 with p in g/cm”. Since the values are
tabulated as a function of density the usual distinction between gas and liquid could not
be accomplished and so all of the values are tabulated as liquid hydrogen data.
III—J–2. 3
Michels et al. (1935)

Temp. P(atm) Dielectric
°C Constant
21.92
1? l. 15 l.OOO28
!! 7.96 l.00l.92
11 l3. H7 l.0032!
l8.95 l.001,66
$1
11 24.53 l.006Ol
11 30.03 l.OO730
31.68 l.008),3
t?
35.52 l.00861,
ºf !? f'ſ
ll.00 l.00995
l;6. H2 l. Oll25
!? 5l.89 l.01252
—II 57.36 l.01379
6l.53 Oll;75
l.
!! f:
88.13 l.02083
11 lll .67 l.O2668
lºl.
36
—II l.0324h
168.07 l.03810
!!
l91.87 Ol;370
l.
t!
22l. Hl l.O.H.885
ºf
|t 21.8.l.9 l.O5398
7t 27].88 l,05900
l;0
255. Ol; l.055
!I
11 367.15 l.O7535
-TI
l,78.78 ‘l. O9310
590.53 l. 10925
fi 11 !I
7O2.2O l.l21,33
8ll.62 l.l3766
11 926.05 l.ljoll!
lo37.86 l.l6157
21.86 1032.7l,
l.
16077
l. 17920
11 !!
l229.25
ll;25.36 l. 19500
III—J–2.4
Original and Corrected Data from Two Older Sources
As corrected by
As originally reported As corrected in this Note
Van Urk et al.
T
Y
Y
Y
H H H
P.
P.,
*v
°t
..
K
3
3
3
3
K
°
CIY). CII). CIY).
Ø
g/cm g/cm dyne s/cm dyne s/cm (NBS 1955) cm g/cm g/cm dynes/cm
ºr,
;
Kamerlingh Onnes and Kuypers [1914]

O
1
1
9
16. 16 2. 0.64 2. 23 O. O75 0. 0003 2. 2. 169 2. 631 16. 198 O. O7524 O. 0.0035 634 tr;
19
Values
H
f
O
O
O
1.
1.
.
17.gº
99 * 869 2. 02 O733 000.05 e ©962 18.e 50 O7345
ºf &OOO67 17
e
tº
0733, 57; 319s Van Urk

;
et al.
1
1.
1.
1.
.
l
2.
18. 70 794 94 07.26 0008 2.43 883 194 18. 764 O727 00085 196
5.
.
adopted
:
2.
6
l.
. . .
. . .
l.
.
l.
. .
2.
1.
9
. 3. . 9.
20. 40 16 749 0708 0013 694 10 20. 453 07084 00 136 10 H

126 H
KO
Van Itterbeek [1940.] c
H
*.
1.
tj
1.
17. 72 0740 0.061 2. 66 17. 747 697 07375 00061 393
540s 1.65s
0
0
. .
.
. .
6
. .
1.
. .
20. 32 0708 13 2. 19 457 O709 00 132 956
1.
323s 1.44, 20.354
:0
O
al
1
In error. Should be 0.0006
É É
Reprinted from NBS TECH.NOTE 322

SURFACE TENSION LIQUID HYDROGEN
27
D Onnes 8. Kuypers n-H,
D o Van Itter beek n-H,

26 H.
— Grigor'ev
25 H.
E
C)
^
wn
Q)
24 H
Cº.
>
~5
- 2.3 H
2
O
2 22 H
Lil
H.
Lu 2. H
C)
<ſ
Li
Orº
Im)
2O Yº
Oſ)
|.9 H.
|.8 | _l | |
| 6 | 7 |8 |9 2O 2|
TEMPERATURE, o K
Figure 2.
Corrected experimental surface tension points of Kamerlingh
Onnes and Kuypers and of Van Itterbeek and straight lines rep
resenting the experimental points of Grigor'ev.
Reprinted from NBS TECH. NOTE 322
- '9|
G PO G.CŞ2
III-K-1. 2
VISCOSITY OF LIQUID PARAHYDROGEN
viscosity, g/cm
-
sec
- N)
xlo'
3.
§
3
§
§
:
§§É8
§
Uſ)
Fº
-
Cº.
>
0
Nº.
-
rin
O
ſ:
8
O
C.
C
§
:
§
ll.
5
Reprinted from R. B. Stewart and H.M. Roder, Chapter

Properties of Normal and Parahydrogen. p. 379-404 in
Technology and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon Press,
New York (lº 64)
III–L-1.
1
VISCOSITY Of GASEOUS
NORMAL HYDROGEN AT
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE, *K
III-L-2. 1
VISCOSITY OF GASEOUS NORMAL HYDROGEN
AT ATMOSHPERIC PRESSURE
Source of Data: R. B. Stewart and H.M. Roder

Chapter ll.
Properties of Normal and
Parahydrogen. p. 379-404 in Technology
and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon
Press, New York (lo 64)
Comments: These values were calculated from data

Temperature Viscosity Temperature Viscosity

g/cm sec g/cm sec
°k °K
lC) 5.10 × 107° l60 58.52 x 107°
2O l0. 93 170 6l. 00
30 l6. O7 l80 63.43
40 20.67 l90 65 - 80
50 24.89 200 68. 13
60 28. 76 210 70 . 43
70 32 . 37 220 72 - 68
8O 35 - 79 230 74 - 90
90 39 . O3 240 77. O8
100 42. ll 250 79 - 23
ll.0 45 -O7 260 8l. 35

l2O 47 - 93 27 O 83 .45
l30 50 - 70 280 85 - 52
l40 53. 38 290 87. 57

150 55 . 98 300 89 - 59
III-L-2. 2
VISCOSITY DIFFERENCES
Data Sources:
Becker, E. W., and Stehl, O. (1952), Ein Zähigkeitsuntershied von Ortho- und Para
Wasserstoff bei Tiefen Temperaturen. (Viscosity Difference between Ortho and
Para Hydrogen at Low Temperatures), Z. Physik l;3, 615-28.
Webeler, R., and Bedard, F. (1961), Wiscosity Difference Measurements for Normal and
li,
Para Liquid Hydrogen Mixtures, Phys. Fluids 159-60.
Diller, (1965), Measurements Viscosity l.2,

D.
of
of
Parahydrogen,
J.
Chem. Phys.
E.
the
2O89 - 21OO
o
Comments:
The viscosity differences of gaseous Ortho and para hydrogen determined by Becker and
Stehl (1952) are small, approaching near the triple point. Liquid values, however,
l'É
5%
by
differ larger amounts with differences saturation near the triple
at
of
about
point. Diller (1965) points out that the liquid differences are nearly zero when
compared at the same densities rather than the same temperature. The results of Becker
and Stehl (1952) indicate the viscosity gaseous para hydrogen to larger than
be
of
gaseous normal hydrogen; while the results of Diller show the normal hydrogen values to
be larger than the para hydrogen values the liquid region.
in
viscosity between various mixtures

in
Becker and Stehl (1952) measured the difference
of Ortho and para hydrogen with capillary bridge arrangement.
a
quantity equal the product viscosity and

to
of
Webeler and Bedard (1961) measured
a
density of liquid para and Ortho hydrogen with piezoelectric alpha quartz torsional
a
np
oscillator. They found that the value for 69% orthohydrogen

of
at
temperatures from
lºft
l3.8 larger than the corresponding values for 28% ortho hydrogen.
to
of °K
llº.5
is
about
np
The precision given

of
as
the values
is
0.2%.
Diller (1965) also used torsional crystal method to make extensive measurements on
a
para hydrogen. He included few points for normal hydrogen along the saturated liquid
a
All the data are analytically represented with

of
line.
of
mean deviation 0.7%. An
a
accuracy claimed. The tables that follow include Diller's saturation data
of
is
0.5%
only.
Reprinted from NBS REPORT 8812
III-L-3.
1
Becker and Stehl (1952)
Gaseous Hydrogen
(nx - na) 100/in
Percent Para Hydrogen

99.8 62.2 50.2 l;2.7
90.l 0.ll6 O.O75 O.055 0.039
77.3 0.139 O.089 O.O65 O.0l.9
63.2 O.l75 O.ll.0 O.079 O.058
20.3 0.56l 0.323 0.231 0.162
lj.O 0.712 O. 376 O.258 0.182
mx = Wiscosity of ortho-para hydrogen mixture

mn = Wiscosity of normal hydrogen
Diller (1965)
Viscosity of saturated liquid (Micropoise)
T, “K Normal Para Difference

ll. 26l. 3+ 250.7 l3.6
l; 230.2 22l. 3 8.9
l6 2O3.9 l97.5 6.l.
l'7 l82.9 177.7 5.2
18 l65.6 l60.5 5.l
l9 lºl. 5 ll;7.0 lº.5
2O l39.2 l35. It 3.8
2l l28. It l25.3 3.l
22 ll&.7 ll6.l 2.6
23 ll.0.5 lo8.l 2. l;
2k 102.6 lCO.8 l.8
25 95.7 93.5 2.2
26 89.0 87.2 l.8
* This value has been corrected for a typo
graphical error.
III–L–3. 2
PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE IN VISCOSITY OF
MIXTURES OF ORTHO AND PARA HYDRO GEN
FROM NORMAL HYDRO GEN
(Becker and Stehl, 1952)
Percent Parahydrogen
D
99.8 50.2
O A
T
K»
62.2 l;2.
O4 >
i :
T
º
T
s
T
:
H
25 5O 75 95
K
*
TEMPERATURE,
N
B T]
E \/
WA W
N
138
B
9)
O
H
(
[] H ‘
|
M’ONC]
30
Cl
G96||
V,
iT |0|
NE|}}|E|-||-||C]
92�2|
)
\/\ ]
O Q
22
\/d
C]
/\1||SO0
Xa
E_1\/\ſ][^1\/S
º
NV/
SIA
38
ſa
Lv
83d
W31
\sſ |
9
|
ſ»
|
O
!»|
asſodololu ("u-"u) apNagasalo Alisopsia

"
III-L-3.4
VELOCITY OF SOUND IN LIQUID PARAHYDROGEN
|800
|600
Speed of sound
as a function of density
|2OO
showing isotherms. The
dashed lines are calcu
lated values." The heavy
lines indicate phase |OOO
boundaries. The open
circles indicate location
of the measurements.
For reference, the den 8OO
sities of the critical
point and triple point
are indicated on the
abcissa. 6OOH
4OO sº
}* gº
CriticolPoint TriplePoint
20C) 1 l —l- ! I l —1– | | 1 l I l 1 1 _l l
OOO O.OI OC2 O.O3 O.O4 OO5 OO6 O.O7 O.C.8 OO9
DENSITY, gm /cm”
13OO TI -T- —I- T T I I -T I T T T I I -I
I I I I
|2OOH- *
| |OOH- *
^
: KOOOH- tºº
sº H *
Q)
'o 900H
Speed of sound in satu- *
E
rated liquid normal hydrogen and º
|-
parahydrogen. The open circles > *
are for normal hydrogen. For ref- - º
erence, the locations of the boilin
point and triple point are indicat
5 sooH º
on the abcissa.
O
—l }
Lil -
>
7OOH- sº
|-
º
6OOH- *
5OOH- *
b. p. !. p.
l 1 l l —1– | 1 I l 1— L _l | 1– l 1– L | —1.
JO4O O44 .O48 .O52 .O56 .O6O .064 .O68 .O72 O76 .O8O
º DENSITY, gm/cm *
Reprinted from Young love, B. A. .
III–M-l
VELOCITY OF SOUND IN PARAHYDROGEN
8 OO ºme -
* 4th
|4 OO * -4
*
|2 OO H
8OOH
OOOOO
17
6|
Pºme
4.
O
O
1–
1
2OO
I
|
7 |
|
ſ
3 I
20 4O 6O 80 90 |OO
O
O
O
4
5
|
TEMPERATURE. "K
The velocity para-hydrogen, from Goodwin, al. [9].

of
in
sound
et
(ML, SL, and SV refer melting line, saturated liquid and saturated
to
vapor, respectively.)
Reprinted Stewart and H.M. Roder Chapter ll
B.
R.
from
-
Technology
379-404 in
p.
Properties of Normal and Parahydrogen

and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon Press, New York
(1964)
III–M-2
VELOCITY OF SOUND IN HYDROGEN
Data Sources:
Van Itterbeek, A., Van Dael, W., and Cops, A. (1961), Velocity of Ultrasonic Waves in
Liquid Normal and Para Hydrogen (ll-20°K), Physica 27, lll-ló.
Van Itterbeek, A. , Van Dael, W., and Cops, A. (1963), The Velocity of Sound in Liquid
Normal and Para Hydrogen as a Function of Pressure, Physica 29, 965-73.
Younglove, B. A. (1965), Ultrasonic Velocity in Fluid Parahydrogen, Manuscript submitted

for publicatiºn.
Comments:
The velocity of Sound of liquid normal and para hydrogen has been accurately determined
by both Van Itterbeek, et al. (1961, 1963) and Young Love (1969) belºw 20°K. The agree
ment of these difference:3 from these sources is excellent. The differences in the gaseous
states are not , however, well known. One may estimate these differences from the thermo
dynamic relationship , C* = v(2P/ap)T where C = velocity of sound, Y = CP/CV, and
P, T, and p are pressure, temperature and density, respectively. It
is known from P-W-T
measurements that the values of (AP/ap) of normal and para cannot t,2 rºch different.
Thus in regions where the differences in C /Cy are large such as around 150 °K one can
estimate the percentage difference in velocity of sound as one half the percentage
difference in the specific heat ratio of normal and para hydrogen.
d liquid normal
gth interfer
pe 3 m/sec
y estimate the
uncertainty at 0.2%.
Van Itterbeek, et al. (1963) extended the above work tº pressure c o f 2.0 kg/cmº. The
difference between normal and para hydrogen at low pressures is less3 than in the pre-riºus
article by the same authors.
Younglove (1965) made velocity of Sound measurements on fluid para hydrogen with a pulsed
sound technique. Measurements were made from 15 to 100°K and up tº 350 atmospheres, and
are claimed to be accurate to 0.05%.
Reprinted from NBS REPORT 8812
III–M-3. 1
Van Itterbeek, et al. (1961)
Velocity of Sound in Saturated Liquid Normal Hydrogen
0.996 me/sec l.91.5 mc/sec l.90, mc/sec

Temp. Velocity Temp. Velocity Temp. Velocity
of Sound of Sound of Sound
°K m/sec °K m/sec °K m/sec
20.37 ll2O. T. 20. l;2 lll.9.2 20. lºl, lll.9. l.
l9.97 ll3l. T 2O. lo ll28.6 l9.08 ll.96.8
19.67 ll.0.3 19.85 ll36.0 l8. l.2 llT1.6
19. 37 ll.9.9 l9.58 lll;2.6 l8. Ol, ll32.3
l;5
ll.99.7 l9. 32 llSO. l. l?. ll.9l,
.5
18.93
18.6l ll66.7 l9.02 ll:57. 17. Ol, l2O3.
l;
l
18.18 ll'76.9 l8.7O ll65.8 l6.57 l2ll.
7
l'7.72 ll37.9 l8.35 ll'73.9 lS.98 l227.6
l'7.15 l2OO. 5 3 l?.95 ll63.5 lº. 32 l210.2
l6.6l l2ll. l?.52 ll.93.2 l3.23 l2ll.
3 2
l6.0l. l221.3 17.50 l2O3.9 ll. .59 l25l.
lS. 15 l2];2.8 l6. l2ll.9 ll.ls
l.9
l262.3
ll. 59 l25l. lj.92 l227.3
lj. Ivl,
I,
ll.l3 l263.6 l237.
l.
ll.89 l217.8
ll. 52 l255.0
ll.ll l262.6
Velocity of Sound in Saturated Liquid Para-Hydrogen
0.987 me/sec l.937 mc/sec l,.869 mc/sec
Temp. Velocity Temp. Velocity Temp. Velocity

of Sound of Sound of Sound
m.
°K Sec °K m/sec °K m/sec

llll 20. ll lllO.9 2O. lo lllj.
.3
20.36
ll
3
2O.O8 ll22.5 l9.9l ll25.3 19. 1,6 37.9
ll.jl.
ll
l9.77 30.8 l9.53 ll31.8 l6.92
l
l9.55 ll36.9 l9.06 ll. 6.2 l8.21, ll68.l
l9. 29 lliºl.
llji. l8.62 ll 57. l'7.66 ll&2.l
I,
l8.87 18.13 ll68.5 l6.99 ll.96.9

l6
l8. 18 llól, l?.53 ll&3. l6.52 l2Ol.

ll 75. 3
l
l8.02 l6.9l ll.96.5 lS. 88 l220.5

lj. 33
l.
l'7.52 ll36.3 l6. 38 l2O8. l23O.

3 7 T
l
l6.9l l2OO. lS. 76 l22l. ll.83 l210.
7
l
l6.2O l2ll.9 lS.O8 l231, ll. 38 l21.9.2

..
lS. 29 l232.5 li. 63 l243.2

ll.06 l255.9 ll.l7 l250.8
20. 10 llll .8
l9.76 ll28.2
19. 13 ll 38.7
19.00 ll.9.0
18.55 ll 59.
C
l?.96 ll 71.3
l'7. l;3
ll
88.5
l6.93 ll.99.6
l6.32 l2O8.5
15.59 l225.
l. l.
ll.85 l210.
ll.06 l253.6
III–M-3.
2
Van Itterbeek, et al. (1963)
Velocity of Sound in Liquid Hydrogen

T = 20.50°K T = 19.17°K
n-B2 e-Ha n-H2 e-Ha

P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity
of Sound of Sound of Sound of Sound
kg/cm" m/sec kg/cm." m/sec kg/cm" m/sec kg/cm" m/sec
236.0 l712.l 210.0 l'718.6 177.5 1617. l. 188.5 1667.6
230.0 l?32.7 229.0 l'729.3 lT0.3 l633.3 183.5 l658. l.
22 l.O lTll.9 l60.9 l615.6 l6l;2.
li.
220.3 l'715. It 175.O
210.1; l697.3 2ll l698.7 l631.8
.5
150.5 1591.0 170.0
l6l.0 l6ll.
H.
200.9 l679.9 202.3 1680.5 1571.
139.7
ljl.
It
190.6 l660.7 l92.5 l663.l l30.O l:519.6 lj93.7
O
180.5 l6hl.6 l8l.5 l6hl. l2O.3 l;28.0 ll.0.5 1571.
li.
3
170.6 l622.0 1.7l.5 l622.5 ll.0.0 lSOO.0 l30.2 ljl;9.6
|
l60.2 l60l.0 16l.2 l60l.l 100.3 ll,80.6 120.0 1526.l

150.6 1580.9 150.5 l;78.6 90.8 ll;56.l. 109.5 lSO2.3
llºl.2 1560. llil.0 1558. 80.5 ll;29.7 100.5 ll,79.5
l;
l.
l30.8 1537.l l3l.5 l;37.6 70.00 ll.00.6 90.7 ll;55.3

l2O.7 ljl3.0 l2l. l;13.6 l327.5 ll;28.
l;
60.50 80.5
5
llo. ll,89. lC9.7 ll,85.2 50.50 l341.3 71.50 ll;03.2

l;
7 6
lOO ll;65.3 lCO. lić3.l l;0.50 l309.5 6l.00 l372.6

O 7
..
9l. ll;37. 5l. 25 l342.

ll
90.5 38.5 29.20 l27O .2

lill.
6 It
l
80.7 79.0 ll,04.7 2l. 60 l241.l l;2.90 l3llº.

6
70.50 l382.l 68.75 l371.5 l2.95 l2O6.3 34.20 l285.0

6l.05 l353.6 6O.OO l317.6 6.25 ll 77.3 26.10 l25l.9
50.85 l320.7 50. HO 1315.7 l. TO ll.95.5 18.10 l22l.l
ll.lº 1287.2 l,0.50 l281.6 10.30 ll.92.6
31.10 1250.O 3O.75 l2k5.5 6.20 ll'73.2
23.00 l218.l. 20.85 1205. 2.05 ll33.9
l. l.
l'7.25 ll.93. 12.05 lló6. l. 50 llºl.

li.
3
ll.80 lló9.l. 7.10 ll!2.3
8. l;0 ll;2.6 2.75 lll.9.6
l!.95 ll35. l.20 llll .5
lll 7.5
It
l. HO
°K
18.25 16.7l “K
=
=
T
n-H2 e-H2 n-He e-He

Velocity Velocity Velocity Velocity
P
Of Sound of Sound of Sound of Sound

kg/cm3 m/sec kg/cm3 m/sec kg/cm’ m/sec kg/cm’ m/sec
l27.0 1575.3 ll:6. lj92.0 90.l. ll,86.6 85.O ll:68.2
It
135.5 1571.9 137.0 lS7l.9 88.7 ll:81.2 78.O ll.90.9

8l.O ll;26.7
lj B5.
l356.7 l29.0 lS53.9 ll:69.
H.
128.5 68.90
ll3.5 ll&.5 ljBl, 71.80 llilić.0 6O.25 ll.03.2
l
108.0 ljlO.9 108.5 1507.7 65. 10 ll;20.9 5O.75 l375.8

97.3 ll;85.3 99.5 ll,86.8 55. 10 l393.2 ll. HO 1347.6
87.2 ll;59.3 90.0 ll,62.8 l,5.90 1365. 31.50 1316.3
l.
87.O ll,59.3 79.5 ll.36.5 37.00 l338.0 2l. 35 1282.

3
78.7 ll;37.7 7O. l;O llilo. 26.85 1305.6 13. lo 1252.6

lill.
7
30
l382.6 l9.60 l280.5

O 7 H.
69. 60.50
8.
3O 1234.
l; 2
60.55 l387. 50.50 l352.7 13.50 1259.l 2.60 l2ll.

50.55 l357.3 l,0.70 l32.l.. 6.80 1233.8 l. HO 12O7.
l. O
HO. HO l325. 30.60 1287. l. 60 l212.9

l
31.00 1291. 20. 1,5 1250.6

It
22.2O 1263.6 12.75 l22l.

2
lj.OO l235.9 6.60 ll.95.3

30
2. lo ll'77.
8.
l2O8.5
It
2.30 ll.83.3 l. 50 llT3 ..l
III–M-3.
3
Van Itterbeek, et al. (1963) (cont.)
Velocity of Sound in Liquid Hydrogen

T = lé.O.9°K T = 15.35°K
n-H2 e-H2 n-H2 e-He

kg/cmſ m/sec kg/cmſ m/sec kg/cm’ m/sec kg/cm” m/sec
60.50 lliló.5 65. 10 ll;26.8 2O. 55 l308.9 38.50 l360.7
55.00 ll,02. l; 60.50 ll.13.6 l7.50 1298.6 36.20 1353.9
l;5
l;9.90 l387.7 55. ll.00.l ll.90 l290.0 32.15 l3ll.5
l;5.10 l373.7 50.30 l385.O l2.50 1282.2 28.05 l329.
l
l3llº. 40.60 l356.6 l;0 l263.0 2l. HO l308.2
5. 7.
35.30
l; 5
lº
30.15 l328. 35.60 l3+1.6 1256.8 17.30 l293.9
25.10 l312.6 30.60 l326.0 3.95 l25l.l lS.05 1286.
l.
20.35 l296.2 25.35 l309.l 2. lo l2ll!.6 l2.00 l276.l
lj. lo l278. 2O. 70 l292.8 l. HO l2ll.5 9.85 l268.7
l.
lC). 20 l261.6 15.60 1275. 6.55 l256.7
l;
5.95 l215.3 10.60 l257.2 lº.10 1217.3
2.05 l230. 5.50 1238.3 l. TO l238.2
l;
2.05 l221.8
15. ll; “K
=
T
n-H2 e-He
Velocity Velocity
P
P
Of Sound of Sound
kg/cmſ m/sec kg/cmſ m/sec
28.70 l338.9 29.70 l336.5
26.70 l332.3 26.90 l327.7
23.10 l322.7 23.10 1315.6
2O. lº l313. 20. 10 l305.6
O
17.20 l302.2 l'7.00 l295.8

ll.00 l291. ll.05 l285.O
3 7
ll. 10 l28l. ll. 25 l275.7

8.50 l272.3 8.90 l267.2
5.90 l263.2 6.15 1257.2
3.80 l255.l 3. OO l21.6.0
l. 50 l217.1 O. 25 l235.2
III–M-3.
4
Younglove (1965)
Velocity of Sound in Saturated Liquid Hydrogen

T, “K Density, g/cm” Velocity of Sound, m/sec
Para Normal Para Normal
ll.5 O.O76ll l2ll.9

l; O.O7599 0.07632 1232.6 12ll.8
l6 O.O7510 O.O75l.3 1212.8 1221.8
l? O.O7I117 O.07||19 ll.9l.7 1200.6
l8 0.07319 O.O7350 ll69.0 ll 77.9
l9 O.O7216 O.O721.6 llll .6 ll.93.5
2O O.O7108 O.O7137 lll&.5 ll.27.0
2l O.06992 O.O7O2O lC90.3 lC99.3
22 O.O687O O.O6896 1060.0 loé9.l
23 C.O6739 O.O676l. 1027.3 1036.5
2l. 0.06599 0.06622 992.0 lCOl. 3
25 O.O6ll,7 O.O6l,69 953.6 963.l
26 O.O6282 O.06302 911.8 92l. 7
27 0.06100 0.06120 866.O 876.3
28 O.O5897 O.05917 815.2 826.1
29 O.O5665 O.O5687 758.2 77O.O
29.5 0.05536 O.O5559 726.6 739.0
30 O.05391, O.05l/20 692.6 705.6
30.5 0.05236 655.3
3l O.O5058 O.O5095 613.2 629.2
31.5 O.Ol;819 O.Ol;898 566.5 583.8
32 0.0l,592 O.Ol;66l 509. 2 530. l;
32.25 0.0ll, 33 l,70.5
32.5 O. Ol:353 l;90.2
Velocity of Sound in Liquid Parahydrogen
T = 15.OOO “K T = l'.OOO “K T = 19.000°K T = 20.500 °K

atm m/sec atm m/sec atm m/sec atm m/sec
31.52 l35l. 6 8l. 36 ll,58. 3 l'7l. 39 l6l. 8.3 229.88 l'739.8
22. Ol l3ll. H. 5l. 68 l375.3 l35.67 1567.2 l95. 19 1676.7
8.8l l265.3 30.15 1306.3 99.56 ll,8l.6 l;0.62 l;85.5
6. Ol, l215.8 73.99 llil 3.0 124.12 1525.3
lili. 23
l;0. 72
l32.l.. l 91.73 llil;2.8
1309.7 63.5l l360.2
22.9l, l243. H
III–M-3. 5
_1
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|O
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38
XI
‘ o
W31 83d n.lv

IV. PROPERTIES OF DEUTERIUM
CONTENTS
A. Vapor Pressure
B. Density of Liquid Deuterium (At Saturation)
C. Heat of Vaporization
IV- INDEX
NORMALDEUTERIUM – LIQUID WAPORPRESSURE
Sources of Data:
Friedman, A. S., White, D., and Johnston, H. L., "The Direct Determination of the Critical Temperature
and Critical Pressure of Normal Deuterium. Vapor Pressures between the Boiling and Critical Points",
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 1310-ll (1951), C.A. h5, 5992 i.
Grilly, E. R., "The Vapor Pressure of Hydrogen, Deuterium and Tritium up to Three Atmospheres",
J. Am. Chem. Soc. T3, 843 (1951).
Hoge, H. J.,
and Arnold, R. D., "Vapor Pressures of Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Hydrogen Deuteride
and Dew Point Pressures of their Mixtures", J.
Res. Natl. Bur. Std. li.T., 63-71; (1951).
Other References:
Brickwedde, F. G. , Scott, R. B. , and Taylor, H. S., "The Difference in Vapor Pressures of Ortho
and Para Deuterium", J. Chem. Phys. 3, 653–60 (1935).
Newman, R. B., and Jackson, L. C., "The P, T, x Relationships of Hydrogen plus Hydrogen Deuteride
and Hydrogen plus Deuterium Mixtures between 18° and 28°K", Trans. Faraday Soc. 5l, 1181-91. (1958).
Comments:
The table was obtained by a least squares fit to (l) of the experimental data with a weight propor
tional to pressure.
A
ln P =
# + Aa + AAT' + A, (T")* + As(T’)* + Asſt") * (l)
The uncertainty Of the Smoothed value is estimated to be + O.Ol ‘’K.
TABLE l. Vapor Pressure of Liquid n-Dº (for interpolation)

200/T Temp logio P A Temp 360/T
l/°K °K mmHg atm psia °R l/°R
10 - 7 l 8, 692 2. 1038 -0. 7771 O. 3901 337 33. 645 10, 7

10 - 6 18. 868 2. 1376 -0. 74 33 0.4239 338 33 e962 10.6
10 - 5 19.048 2. 1714 -0. 7094 O. 4578 339 34 •286 10.5
10 - 4 19. 231 2. 2054 -0. 6754 O. 4918 339 34 - 6 15 10. 4.
10 - 3 19.4 17 2. 2394 -0.64 14 O. 5258 340 34 e951 10, 3
10, 2 19, 608 2. 2735 - 0. 6073 0 , 55.99 34 1 35 e294 10, 2
10 - 1 19. 802. 2. 3077 -0.573 l O. 594 l 342 35, 644 10 - 1
10 * 0 20,000 2. 34 19 -0. 5389 0. 6.283 342 36 e000 10. 0
9 •9 20, 202 2. 3762 - 0 , 50.46 0.6626 343 36 s364 9, 9
9 •7 20 - 6 19 2.4451 -0.4357 0.7315 345 37 e l l 3 9 e7

9 -6 20, 833 2,4796 - 0, 4012 O , 7660 34.5 37 e500 9 •6
9 •5 21,053 2.5 142 -0, 36.66 0 <8006 34.6 37 e895 9. S
9 •& 2 le 277 2.54 88 -0, 3320 0 , 8.352 347 38 e298 9 •4.
9 •3 2 1 , 505 2,5836 -0. 2972 O - 8700 34;7 38. 71 O 9 •3
9 •2 21 739 2 - 6 184 - 0.2624 O. 904 8 348 39 e130 9, 2
9. 1 21 978 2, 6532 - 0 , 22.76 O. 9396 34.9 39 e560 9, 1
9 •0 22, 222 2.6 882 -0. 1927 0. 9745 349 40,000 9 •O
8 ~9 22.472 2.72.32 -0. 1577 l. 009.5 350 40 e4&9 8 e9
8.8 22.727
22,989
2. 7582 -0. 1226 1.0446 351 40 e909 8 *8
8. Y 2. Y933 -0.08 75 1 , 0.797 351 4 1 s379 8, 7
8-5 23.529 2. 86 38 -0.01 70 l. 15O2 353 4.2s353 8 s5

8. & 23, 8 10 2.8991 0.01 83 l 1855 353 &2 e85.7 8, 4.
8-3 24 •O96 2.9345 0.0537 l. 2209 354, 43 e2 73 8. 3
8 s2 24 •390 2.96.99 0.089 l l 256 3 355 4 3 2902 8-2
8- 1 24 •691 3.0055 0, 1247 l. 29.19 355 44 e44 & 8- 1
8.0 25.000 3.04 l 1 0. 1603 1. 3275 356 45,000 8-O
IV—A-1
TABLE 1. (Continued)
Temp logio P ^ Temp

200/t
l/*K °K mmHg atm psia *R L/ R
7. 9 2 5 - 3 16 3. 0.768 O. 1960 l ..36 3.2 357 45 - 57C 7. 9

7, 8 25, 6& 1 3 , l l 25 O- 23 l 7 l. 398 9 358 46 , 15& 7, 8
7. Y 25, 97& 3, 148& O- 26 76 l ; 4 3&8 35Q 4,6 - 75.3 7- 7
7, 6 26 - 3 16 3, 1843 0 , 30 35 l ; 4 707 359 & W- 3&8 7. 6
7. 5 26 . 66 7 3. 2204 0. A395 1 - 506 7 360 48. 000 7, 5
7, & 27. 027 3. 2565 (). 3 75 7 1- 5&29 36 | &8 - 6&9 7. 4
7. 3 27, 397 3. 2927 0,4l l 9 l , 5.79l 362 4Q- 3 15 7- 3
7. 2 27. / 78 3. 329 l 0. &483 l . 6 155 364 50, 000 7. 2
7. 1 28 - 169 3. 36.56 O. 48 48 l , 65.20 365 50 - 704 7- 1
7. J. 28.57 l 3. 4022 O. 52 l 4 l . 6,886 366 5 i , 429
19
6-9 28, 986 3. 4390 0 , 55.82 1 - 7254 368 $2 . I 74 6 9
6. 8 29, 4 12 3, 4 759 0 , 5.95l l , 7.623 36Q 5.2. Q& 1 6-8
6- 7 29.85 l 3, 5 l 3 l O. 6 322 1..7994 371 53 . Y.3 1 6- 7
6. 6 3O. 303 3 - 55 0& 0 - 66 @5 1 - 8 36 7 37 3 5&. * * 5 6 ..6
6-5 30 , 769 3. 58 79 0 , 707 l l - 8 74 3 3 y5 6', . , 8º' 6-5
6. 4 3 l ..250 3..6 256 (). Y4&8 1 , 9 l 20 377 56 e25 C 6 -4
6-3 3 l ..746 3..66 3.6 O. 7828 1. 9500 380 5 7. 14 3 &=3
3, 70 l 8 1 , 988 2
...
6 ,2 0. 82 10 38.2 58
O
32. 258
l 2 3 & 5 6 7 8 9 () 1 2
6
5
5 5 6 6 6
- - . - -
2. 787 859 26 385 Q. 01
O
0 O
&
O
&
&
6
5
8
2
7
3
3
6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Q 0 1
-
, -
-
- -
33 33 7792 8984 2. 06'56 388 60 OOC

3 3 3
3
- .
, - -
-
5. 33. 898 O. 93 76 2. 104 392
1
0
1
7
9 &
6
3 8
8
Y 8
l
34 83 8.5 977 2. 395 62. 069
&
1 l Q
4
1
7 0 4
5
- . ,
-
l
- - .
5. 35 88 3, 89 /8 TO 2. 84 399 3, 158 5.
6 6 6
3 2 5 2
0
|
...
5, 3.5 3. 05 22 286
()
5 &
&
O 9 Q
&
1 7 3
4
*
||
2
3
1 T 3
8
T
1
- 4 .
0.980 - 2. 265 40
&
36 88
5
3 &
7 º
7 4
4 4 & 3
- - ... 2
3
5
, - - . ,
-
-
l l 1 l l
5. 7.0 99 39 2, 66 66
& 4 4 &
Q
1
6
3
1
3 3
5, 736 06 1806 2. 34 78 15 Y. 925
6 6
4
s . .
5. 38 462 33 22 25 2. 38 97 23
3 G
1
1
0
, -
2 l
5. 39 216 56 26 2. 20 70 588
&
&
&
4
3
8
1
.
Yaper Fre'ssure ºf Liquid Integral Temperatures

at
7ARLF n-De
.
.
Temp Prº sure Temp

-
tim §ºmHg ^R
^
1
a
K
*:
8, 7.20 O. 1692 28 2. 3.3 696

&
&l 8
9 1 7
3 6 7 4 6
- - - - e - -
2 1 l
- - .
2 2 1 l
9. OOO 2.8 34 200

&
0 0 OQ
5 8 l 3
5
9
1
i.
e - - ,
O. OOO 289 19 36 OOO

1 2
8 6 4
- - -
000 21 3.20. 99 37 OO
8
4
1
-
22, 000 596 53 766 39 600

O 8 6 &
23.000 0. 8204 23.5 12,057 00

&
&& &&
3 1
24. OOO 10 36 18 200

3
T 9 5 6 1 T 8 9 3 2 O 4 O 3 2 9
1
6
3 2
1 1 1
6 1
.. -
- - - - . - -
e - -
25. O00 99 21 256 5. OOO

&
1
4
26 000 86 35 14 16 27, 386 OO

8
6
- -
-
27, 000 2. 3605 1794 34 690 48 600

- - - - -
28.000 2, 94.5 2238 284 50. 400

&
3
3 3
29. OOO 26 2756 53 292 52 200

4 3
4 6
- - s - - -
- -
30, 000 21 353 84, 54 000

1
6
4
3
l
1. OOO 5. 31.23 40 37, 78 TO 55 OO

O
8
3
4,
32. OOO 36 5, 93 57 600

1
2
4
e
8
7
7 6
4,3
* -
33. 000 959 56 96 59 OO

- e = - e - =
3 1
5
9
1
1
0
4
e
4. Q00 8. 8009 66 88. 129 38 200

6
1
3 3 3 3
5. OOO 26.32 7800. 15 829 63.000

O
1 l 1 1
1 0
, ,
6. 000 89 90 39 74 79.8 64 800

&
1
2
- - -
7. OOO 3. 7046 104,15, 20 403 66 600

l
38. Q00 7038 1934 230 78 68 OO

3
4
1 1
5
e e
e -
38. 350 16 95 250 24, 742 69.030

&
1
1
4
Taken from Cryogenic Data Center Memorandum

Cryogenic Division of National Bureau
l,
M
of Standards, Boulder, Colorado.
IV-A-2
B
LnTOSSV BºnSSE&Jd (DISd)
| | | | | | | 2
4 •O 4
24O
90
|OO
23O
8O
70
22O
|O
20
7O
60
2OO
3O
5o
|50
2O
6O
8C)
O OO O
>
<![
Q_
–1
CD
C)
0
Li
]
1.
-D Cl
GOQ
# Or
u_j LLI
0 2 C/O
O C/O
I
I-D Cr
DE
> > 0
IV-A-3
<[ LLI
TEMPERATURE,
—]
O
��
*K
| | |
,
|6
OON-(O
|2
« OOD 3 4 5
E.
LOTOSgw BºnSSEMJd ºudsouļo) (sºu

NORMALDEUTERIUM - SATURATION DENSITY OF LIQUID
Sources of Data:
Clusius, K., and Bartholome, E., "Calorische und Thermische Eigenschaften des Kondensierten
Schweren Wasserstoffs" (Calorimetric and Thermal Properties of Condensed Heavy Hydrogen),
Z. physik. Chem. B30, 237-57 (1935).
Kerr, E. C., "Molar Volumes of Liquid Deuterium and of a l to l Mixture of Tritium, Deuterium,
19.5 to 21.5°K", J. Am. Chem. Soc. Th, 824-25 (1952).
Friedman, A. S., Trzeciak, M., and Johnston, H. L., "Pressure-Wolume-Temperature Relationships of

Liquid Normal Deuterium", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 1552-53 (1951).
Comments:
Clusius and Bartholome (1935) represent their experimental data by

w = 22.9758 + 0.2472 ( T – 18) + 0.0137 (T - 18)*.
They found the molar volume at the triple point (18.65°K) to be 23.ll, cm”.
Kerr (1952) combined his experimental values with those of Clusius and Bartholome by the least
squares method to obtain the equation -
V. (cm"/mole) = 18.555 + 0.1291, T + 0.001:203 Tº

which has a standard deviation from experimental points of 0.04%. [The deuterium was 99.6% pure,
with 0.1% hydrogen as the impurity].
Friedman, et al. (1954) made P-V-T measurements with liquid normal deuterium between the triple
and critical points. The isotherms were extrapolated to the saturation line to obtain the values
of density listed in the tables of experimental values.
Tables of Experimental Values .
Clusius & Bartholome (1935) Kerr (1952) Friedman, Trzeciak, Johnston (1954)
T, “K v,cm”/mole p, g/cm" T, “K v,cm”/mole p,g/cm” T, “K v,cm”/mole p, g/cm”
l8.8O 23.l79 0.1737; l9.5l 23. lill . 1721 35.17 33.52 . l.2O2
.ll l8
l;3
l8.97 23.235 O. 17332 2l.ll. 23.889 .1687 30.52 28.
l9.2l; 2|, .281
O.
23.298 l'7285 22.375 .1660 27.2l 26.32 ..l.531

l9.6l. 23. l.27 O. l'7190 23. lil 2|, .620 .ló37 23.52 21.66 .l634
2O.O5 23.5ll O. lT107 2l. 205 21.905 ..l618 20.33 23.57 ..l710
20.07 23.535 0.l71ll
20. Hl 23.657 0.17023
20.53 23.687 O. l'700l
The following table of selected values for saturation density of liquid n-deuterium have been determined
graphically from the experimental data. Uncertainty
for the temperature range lº” 35°K, the range
of
to
the data,
in
molar volume. Above 35°K, large changes

is
0.6% volume occur for small differences

in
in
temperature and the uncertainty density becomes larger.

in
or
volume
Table of Selected Values

T,
“K
v,cm”/mole p,g/cm”
T,
“K
v,cm”/mole p,g/cm”
l9 23.25 ..l733 29 27.38 .ll,72
2O 23.5l. ..l712 30 28. O2 .ll:38
2l 23.85 .1690 3l 28.76 .ll.0l
22 2l.l7 .1667 32 29.6l .l36l
23 21.52 ..lólil: 33 30.6l .l:317
21.90 .l618 3|| 3l. 75 .l.269
..lj9l
:
25. 32 35 33.25 1212

.
26 25.78 .l:563
27 26.28 ..l.933
28 26.80 ..l.90l.
Taken from Cryogenic Data Center Memorandum M4, Cryogenic

Division of National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado
IV–B–1
SPECIFIC
DENSITY OF LIQUID
NORMAL DEUTERIUM
|5 2O 25 3O 35 4O
TEMPERATURE ("K)
IV-B-2
SPECIFIC
VOLUME OF LIQUID
NORMAL DEUTERIUM
2O 25 3O 35 4O
TEMPERATURE ("K)
IV-B-3
EQUILIBRIUM DEUTERIUM – HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
Sources of Data:
Kerr, E. C., Rifkin, E. B., Johnston, H. L., and Clarke, J.T.,
"Condensed Gas Calorimetry. II. He at Capacity of Ortho
Deuterium between l3. l and 23.6°K, Melting and Boiling
Points, Heats of Fusion and Vaporization. Vapor Pressure
of Liquid Ortho-Deuterium", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 282–89 (1951).
White, D., Hu, J.H., and Johnston, H.L., "The Heats of Vapor
ization of Para-Hydrogen and Ortho-Deuterium from their
Boiling Points to their Critical Temperature", J. Phys. Chem.
63, ll&l–83 (1959).
COmments:
Kerr, et al. (1951) determined the heat of vaporization for

20.4°K equilibrium deuterium (97.8% o-deuterium) with a
sample containing 0.6% HD. This value of the heat of vapor
ization at the boiling point (23.59°K) is 292.3 + 1.5 cal/mole.
Another determination with a sample containing mole per l. l
cent HD gave a value for heat of vaporization of the boiling
point of 293.93 + 0.5 cal/mole. Corrections were made for
-
the amount of HD in each case. º
White, et al. (1959) used deuterium containing 0.99% HD

impurity which was catalyzed to 20.4 °K equilibrium (97.8%
O-deuterium and 2.2% p-deuterium). A correction was made
for the impurity. Uncertainties in the heat of vaporization
may be as much as 5% at temperatures approaching critical
due to uncertainties in density obtained by extrapolating
P-V-T data of Friedman” to the saturation line .
Experimental Values
Kerr, et al. (1951) White, et al. (loº 9)
Temp. Heat of Vaporization Tamp. Heat of Vaporization
°K cal/mole joules/gm K cal/mole joules/gm
23.59 292 .. 3 3O3 .. 5 24.25 287 - 7 298 -7
23.59 293 -9 305 - 2 26.83 275 .T 286. 3
28 - 58 262.5 272 . 6
30 - 53 245.9 255. 3
32.48 224. l 232. 7
34 . lo l98.4 206. O
35.43 173 -5 180 .2
36 . 57 l50.3 156. l
37 - 52 l20.0 l24.6
* Friedman, A.S., Trzeciak, M., and Johnston, H. L., J. Am. Chem. Soc.
#3, iáš’ (iššāj
IW-C-1
32O
HEAT of VAPORIZATION
of EQUILIBRIUM DEUTERIUM
3OO O - KERR (1951)
A - WHITE (1959)
28O
26O
24 O
22O
2O O
|8O
| 6O
|4O
| 20
2O 25 3O 35 4O 45
TEMPERATURE, *K
IV–C–2
V. PROPERTIES OF NEON
CONTENTS
Vapor Pressure
Density of Saturated Vapor and Liquid
Specific Heat
l. Saturated liquid
2. Gas
Enthalpy
l. Liquid
2. Gas
Dielectric Constant
l. Liquid
2. Gas
Surface Tension of Liquid
Viscosity
l. Liquid
2. Gas
Velocity of Sound
l. Gas
W– INDEX
VAPOR PRESSURE LIQUID NEON
Source of Data: R. D. McCarty Stewart, "Thermodynamic

and R. B.
Properties of Neon from25 to 300 K Between
0.l and 200 Atmospheres", Cryogenics Division
National Bureau of Standards
(atm)
°K
25 0. 50366
26 O . 70902
27 0. 97255
28 l. 3037
29 l. 7124
30 2 . 2088
31 2.803 l
32 3. 5061
33 4.3286
34 5. 28.18
35 6. 3773
36 7. 6271
37 9. O439
38 l0. 64l
39 12.432
40 l4.434
4l l6. 66l
42 l9. 133
43 21.867
44 24 . 887
44.4 26. 19
W–A–1
3O.O
2O,O
|O.O
9.O
8.O
7.O
6.O
5.O
4.O
3.O
2.O
:
VAPOR PRESSURE
|O L|QUID NEON
O.9
O.8
O.7
O.6
O.5
O4
25 3O 35 4O 45
TEMPERATURE , oK
V-A-2
DENSITY OF SATURATED WAPOR AND LIQUID NEON
Source of Data: R. D. McCarty and R. B. Stewart, "Thermodynamic

Properties of Neon from 25 to 300°K Between
0. l and 200 Atmospheres", Cryogenics Division
Saturated Saturated
Vapor Liquid
O O
T emperature
3 4 3
(g/cm ) x 10 (g/cm )
°K
25 5 l. Ol.9 l. 24020
26 69. 708 l. 223 70
27 93. 109 l. 20640
28 121.95 l. 18850
29 157.02 l. 17000
30 l99. 23
l, l'E080
3 l 249 .58 l. l.2 100
32 309 . 26 l. ll030
33 379 . 65 l. O8880
34 462.43 l. 06640
35 559 , 61 l. 04280
36 673 - 68 l. 01800
37 807. 73 0.99.156
38 965 67 O . 96.319
ll 52.6
-
39 O . 93 235
40 1375 -5 O - 89822
- 85944
4l l645. 1 O
1981 O .. 81338
42 .. 6
2434.5 O .. 753 63
43
44 3224.0 O . 65.096
44.4 4830 .O O .48300
W–B–1
DENSITY Of SATURATED
LIQUID NEON
2O 25 3O 35 4O 45
TEMPERATURE, *K
W–B–2
º
Hod3&nSSB Dļsd
Z
Z ‘80LOW3
‘HOLOW3
W–C–1
ALITIGISS38d WOO
ALITIGISS38dWOO
L
/\
HdWOO ISSE Tl||8 }}O_LOV/-]

HO-ſ NOEN
=
Z
| //\
d
_L}}
º
į
o
o
0
$
DNDuoſ
ang| no Sy pu på
o
3
į 4m
n
oquebo duseuſôuļ duoqoKuo,
º
uo
o
og„epin ſolo
op
|
º
3&nSS38d Sºuºudsouļo
SPECIFIC HEAT (C6) OF SATURATED LIQUID NEON
Source of Data: Gladun, Specific Heat at Constant

C. "The
Volume of Liquid Neon", Cryogenics, Vol.6,
27–30 (1966)
Temperature
C.
°K joules/g °K
25 1.80
26 l. 82
27 l. 85
28 l. 88 -
i
29 1.92
30 l. 96
3 l 2.0l
32 2.06
33 2. 12
34 2. l.9
35 2. 27
36 2.36
37 2.47
38 2.58
39 2.77
40 2 . 97
4l 3. 27
42 - 3. 77
43 4.96
V-D-1. 1
SPECIFIC HEAT (co-)
i
Of SATURATED
L|QUID NEON
25 3O 35 4O 45 5O
TEMPERATURE, * K
V–D–1.2
SPECIFIC HEAT of GASEOUS NEON
Source of Data : Keesom, W. H. and van Lammeren, J. A. ,

Physica l, llól-70 (1934).
Comments: Holborn, L. and Otto, J.,

Z. Physik 33, 1-12 (1925)
give a value of Cp /Cv at 0°C and atm of 1.66.
Michels, A. and Gibson, R. O., Ann. Physik (*), 87,
l
/cy at 0°C and Tatm
850-76 (1928) give a value of Cp
of l.65. Ramsay, W., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 86,
lOO gives a value of Cp /cy at 19°C and Tatm
(**)
of l. 614.
-:
C C
V C
Temp. Pressure P
* gal cal cal cal

ET"K |gºalsTºk
°K tm V
|g-male "K | | ET"K
l.7ll;
26.25
26.25
| O.6
O.l.
5.36
5.22
O.266
0.259
3.07
3. Oli
o.152
O. ljl l.T17
26.25 O. 2 5.08 0.252 3.00 0.149 l.692
l;.95 O.2l,8 2.97 O.ll,7 l.669

26.25 0.0
27.8O l.O 5.55 O.275 3.ll. O.156 l.TTl
27.80 O.8 5.l:3 0.269 3.ll 0.15l. 1.718
l;2
27.80
27.80
0.6
O. l;
5.31
5.19
0.263
O.257
3.07
3. Oli
O.
O. ljl l.T26
l.TO6
27.8O O. 2 5.07 0.25l. 3. Ol 0.149 l.687
27.80 O.O l.95 O.2k5 2.97 0.117 1.669

62.5l. O.978); 5. Ol O.2l;8 2.99 O. ll:8 l.677
7l.ll O.8152 l;.99 || 0.2i;7 2.98 O. ll:8 1.673
90.21; O.9581 l.97 0.216 2.97 O.ll,7 1.671,

17O.O O.9822 l!.96 0.2116 2.97 O.lk/ l.67O
273.1 O.8797 l.96 0.2116 2.98 O. ll:8 l. 668
Taken from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
V–D–2. 1
SPECIFIC HEAT
Of GAS EOUS NEON
::
2
Of On at mosphere
5C) 2OO 25O

150
M
E
T
PERATURE •K
HEAT OF WAPORIZATION OF NEON
SOurce of Data: R. D. McCarty and R. B. Stewart, "Thermodynamic

Properties of Neon from 25 to 300°K Between
0. l and 200 Atmospheres", Cryogenics Division
Temperature
°K joules/ g
25 88 . 67
26 87. 52
27 86. 23
28 84.80
29 83. 23
30 8l. 51
31 79.62
32 77.55
33 75 - 31
34 72.86
35 70 - 20
36 67.3 l
37 64. lº
38 60 . 69
39 -
56.90
40
-
52. 69
4l 47.91
42 42.23
43 34.8l
44 22. 12
44.4 O
W–E–1
i
HEAT of VAPORIZATION
Of NEON
25 3O 35 4O 45 50
TEMPERATURE 2K
NEON
Propertiesof SaturatedLiquid andVapor"
Temp Pressure (cm/g)

Volume Enthalpy(J/g) Entropy(j/g “K) Temp (cm”/g)
Pressure| Volume Enthalpy(J/g) Entropy(j/g °K.)
K atm Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat K atm Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat
Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid|| Vapor Liquid Vapor
2|,
.5ll,” l.273 .8016 227.9 .03 89.20 22.7l, 92.9l, .7l,8 2.75l,
O
3.633 35 6.377 .9590 17.87
|
. . .
.9823 ll. 81,
36
25 5037 .8063 196.0 .90 89.57 .035 3.582 7.627 25.19 92.50 .8ll, 2.683
T6
26 7090 .8172 ll;3.5 2.83 90.35 ..ll.0 Oll,
3.
37
9.
l.009 l2.38 27.7O 91.85 .878 2.612
l.
|
27 .9726 .8289 lo'7. .83 91.06 18, 3.378 38 lo.6l.
7 l;
l.038 lo. 36
l;
30.28 90.97 .9l 2.5l.O
3
.
b
27.092 l. OOO .83OO lol. 5.02 9l. l.2 ..l.9l 3.369 39 l2.h3 l;66
2.
l.073 8.676 32.93 89.83 l.OO7
| ||
28 30l. .8hll, 82.OO 6.89 91.69 .258 3.287 l;0 ll.l. l.ll3 7.27O| 35.69 88.38 O71 2.388
3
l.
l.
29 l. Til2 .85l,7 63.69 9.OO 92.23 .331 3.201 lil l6.66 l.l6l. lg8
3. l; 5.6.
OT3 38.67 86.58 2.307
l.
O5
3O 2.209 .8690 50.19 |ll. 16 92.67 .l,03 3.l.20 l;2 l9. l3 l. 229 Ol;6 l;2. 8l. 28 l.212 2.218
7l,
13
3l 2.803 .8812 O.O7 13.38 93.00 3.01.2 21.87 l. 327 2.lll:
.l;
.108 ||6.32
l,
8l. 30l.
3l,
| || | ||
|| ||
l. l.
.5ll, lil; l;57
l; 3.
32 506 .9007 32.3L 15.65 93.20 2.968 2.89 536 lo2 53.39 75.5l l.960
l.
33 .329 .9l8l. 26.3|| 17.96 93.27 .6l3 2.895 lil;..l.” 2.O70
31,
26.19 2.O7O
5.282 .9377 21.62 20.33 93.19 .681 2.82,
FromPublished, data, Advances Thermophysical

Properties Temperatures
andPressures,American
Society Engineers,
at
of
Extreme Mechanical
in
*
NewYork (1965)pp 81-97.

Triple point.
*
Normal boiling point.

Critical point.
Propertiesof Liquid andVapor"

Temp O. atm atºm atm a.fm’
=
ln atm
=
1
P
h =2
h =5
P
P
l
°K (Sat temp 27.09°K) (Sat temp 29.60°K) (Sat,temp 33.72°K) (Sat temp 37.61°K)
h =
h =
v V V v v
B
h
S
T
S
s
S
cm”/g j/g j/g°K cm”/g j/g j/g°K emº/g J/g j/g°K cm”/g j/g j/g°K cm”/g j/g j/g°K
(Sat Liq) .8300 5.0 .191
.3
.8632 LO .375 .932]. l9.7 .662 l.O26 29.3 .9l8
(Sat Vapor lol, 3.l;2 2.8ll, ll. O9
.7
9.l.l 3.369 55.09 92.5 22.84 93.2 91.3 2.568

25 1Oll 90.1 .259 .8061 .9 .03! l. .8Ol;2 l.l .8Ol.9 l.
O
O30 .025
l; H. l;
-1933–
H
.8056
9l;
59 l; l;"
.8669 ll .3
. .
1216
.2
li. l; l, l; l; li. 3.
30 95.2 ll'7.3 HT3 56.05 93.0 3.167 399 .8633I ll.5 .39].
l.
|
l,O 1621, los. .7ll, 159.6 3.781, 10l.O l;86 29.31, 3.061,
3.
lCl.9 78.27 lol. 2.68l.

ll. l2.77 95.7
6
3
50 2O3]. ll 5.9 .97 201.3 llS. Olg 99.6l 3.725 38.6l ll2.9 3.321, l8.26 109.7 2.991,
l;
l;
8
2h
60 2l;39 126.2 120.6 l;7.39 l21.0

l. 5.
162 2.6 l25.8 .209 l25.3 3.918 3.525 23.Ol 121.7 3.213
ll;6.8 ll;6.6
8O 32|, l62.0 ll;6.3 39 831,
5.5.
.508 llil.0
5.
3253 .219
3.
6l. 31.88
ll.
3.535
l; |, l; l; H. l; l;
| ||
l. 7
..
l.
90 3660 157.l 580 365.6 156.9 .630 l82.5 lj6.7 .31.2 72.75 156.0 3.958 36.17 15l.9 3.663
l; .
lCO l,067 l67. 5.689| HO6. l67. .739 203. l67.l H.5l 81.06 l66.5 O69 O.lil 165.6
l,
3.776
5. l, l, l, l; l, li. l;li. .l,

3
Tlil,
llO 177.7 5.787 ll:7.2 177.6 837 223.5 l77. .550 89.33 177.0 169 lil,.6l lT6.2 3.877
3
l.
l2O l,880 l88. 2. .6l;0 .260 l,8.79 186.8

li.
5.876| ||88.O l87. l.927 l87.8 l87.

O
97.58
O
3.969
l;
|
ll.0 569, 2O8.6 2O8.6 281.8 ll.0 l?l
l, h. l, ! H.
5.086 208.5 .800 208.2 H2O
6.
O35| 569.5 55.09 207.8

||
l60 6507 229.2 6.173| 65|l.O 229.2 5.22h 325.6 229. .938 130. 229.0 .558 65.35 228.7 .270
l;
|
l8O T32]. 2k9.9 6.291, 732. 21,9.8 5.31, 366. 21,9.8 5.059 ll,6.8 21,9.7 .680 73.58 Øl;9.5 .393
l;
2OO 813 270.5 6.l.02| 813.8 270. 1,51, l,07. 27O.

5.5.
5.168 l63.l 270.3 .789 8l. 79 "YO.2 502

3 l;
l;
l;
| |
:
22O 89, 291.1 6.5Ol 895.3 291.0 552 T.8 291.O 5.266 179.5 29.l.. .888 89.98 291.0 .60l
l,
l,
7 O
2l 97.0l 3.11.7 l,88.6 ll.

O
6.590 976.T 3ll. 5.6l.2 5.356 l25.8 3ll. .978 98.15 3.11.7 .691
7
3
T
'i. h i. |
260 721, ſ.ſ.l.,
5.
loş75 332.3 6.673|1058 332.3 529.3 332.3 5.h38 212. 332.3 O60 106.3 33%'.
l;
||
ll 388
lig
lll
.7 l.
28O 352.9 6.7 |ll39 352.9 5.8OO 570.O 352.9 5.515 228.H 353.0 5.137 373.O .850
5
..
3OO l22Ol 373.5 6.82O| 1221 373.5 5.87l 610.7 373.5 5.586 ſºll, 373.6 5.208 22.7 373.7 922
Temp 20atm l;0 atm 60atm 80atm 100atm

=
=
P
°K (Sat temp u2.33°K)

=
(Sat Liq) l.25 3.3 1.2110

||
||
7
(Sat Vapor) 732 83. 2.l86

l;
.l,
25 .7975 2. Oll,
O
. .
ll;
50
.7 .8
30 .8568 ll.9 377 .8l l2.9 350 .83/18 l3.8 325 .8258 302 8.177 lº.8 280
3];
.
.
.
.
.3,
1.Ol;2. .9966 31,

H.
liO l.089 35.2 l. O32 .97O .9l8 .97)5 .875 .9l89 35.2 .839
l;
50 8.060 102.5 2.607 2.602 79.8 l.959 l. 50l. 63.0 5,8 l.238 58.3 l. 39ö 19, 56.5 |l.3Ll
2.l.
l.
|
60 lO7. l;70 2.872 2.057 88.0 l.697 82.8 |l. 791

2.
lo.87 ll?.O 2.873 .856 96.6 ló5 l.940

l;
l;
||
8O 15.66 lil. 3.22h 7.623 l36.l. 2.89.l .987 l3l.9 2.679 3.693 l27.6 2.518 2.915 l23.7 2.3%
H
l;
1H
90 17.9l l;2.7 3.358 8.833 ll,8.8 3.037 5.847 5.3 2.837 .375 l!2.l 2.639 3.509 139.2 |2.568
5. l,
20.ll 6.660 lj7.9

Tº
lOO l60.7 2.970 Olo l35.3 2.828 .033 153.l 2.715

3.
l63.8 9.997 3.162

l, l,
l.
l].O 3.579 ll. 13 Lill, 169.9 3.081, 5.616 167.8 2.947 .530 166.l 2.838
7.
22.27 l?lk.8 lT2.2 3.271

l2O 21,lil 185.6 3.673 12.21, l83. 3.369 8,208 181.5 3.186 6.2Ol, 179.9 3.052 5.Olc lT 3.l, 2.91.6
l;
,
ll;0 3.838 ll. l;2 9.696 2Ol; 5.936 2O2.l

.2
28.6l.
3.
206.9 2O5.5 3.539 3.360 7.3/12 2O3. 3.23.l 29

l
l60 228.l 3.979 16.56 3.68, ll. 15 226.3

8.
3.
32.82 Ø27.l 3.508 50 ^25.6 381 6.832 323.0 |3.281

I,
.
l8O 2,8.5 3.800 12.58 Øl,8. 2,7.6 3.5ll

O
36.98 2H9.l li.lo3 18.68 3.636 9.537 7.7ll 7.3 3.}l3

l;
|| ||
| ||
12
7,
2OO ll.00 l().61

3.
H. l, 3.
lil. 270.0 .213 20.78 269.7 922 269.5 *99. 3.625 8.577 60.2 3.528
31.
35 21.
9
||
l, l, .l,li. l, ||
ll. 6”
1,
22O l;5. .313 22.86 .022 29O.8

9.
290.9 290.8 15.HO 290.8 3.850 3.727 290.9 3.631

21:0 HO3 2l;.9l; 16.80 10.28.
3.
3ll.8 lll: 3ll.9 2.73 312. 3.82O 312.3 25

9.
311.7 3.943
l;
T
l
26O 53.l;6 332.5 86 27.Ol 332.7 li.l.97 l8.19 333.0 .027 l3. T8 333.3 3.905 ll. 333.7 3.81C
l,
,
l3
28O 57.56 353.2 .563 29.08 353.6 .275 19.58 35l... H.loš ll. 82 35l. 3.983 ll.97 35l. 3.889
O
l; l;
|| ||
9
5
65
3OO 6l. 37l.O .635 3l.ll. 371,. .317 20.96 375.O H.l77 15.87 375.5 O56 l2.8l 376.1 3.962
.l,
5
Frompublisheddata, Advancesi Thermophysical Properties Extreme TemperaturesandPressures,American Engineers,

Societyof Mechanical
at
n
*
NewYork(1965)pp 81-97. -
Boldhorizontalline indicates phase change (liquid above, v aporbelowtheline).
for Units, to Equivalentin British System
Conversions of Units:
by
ToToToToTo
converttemperature degreesKelvin(“K) degressRankine(“R), multiply(“K)

to
l.8
ininin in
by
pressure atmospheres (psia), multiply (atm) ll. 696

to
convert (atm)
in
by
per gram(cm”/g) (cu ft/lb), multiply(cm/g)

to
convertvolume (v) cubiccentimeters .016018

by
convertenthalpy(h) joulesper gram(J/g) (Btu/lb), multiply(J/g)

to
l.2993
by
.
“K
convertentropy(s) joules per gram (j/g°K) (Btu/lb“R), multiply(j/g°K)

to
.23885
[B-62362
W–F–1
3OO
29O
28O
TURE –ENTROPY
FOR NEON
27O
PRESSURE, (P) O!m.
DENSITY, (p) g/cm3
ENTHALPY, (H) Joules /g
26O
Notional Buredu of Sfondords
CryogenicEngineeringLaboratory
Boulder,Colorado
25O
24O
23O
22O
2 O
2OO
×
• |9 O
| 8O
|70
i |6 O H#230Joules/g
22O
| 50
|4O
| 3O
| |O
|OO
90
2.O 3.O 4.O 5.O 6,O 7.O
ENT ROPY, Joules/g ° K

*k
tº:
H.printed
frºg,
"Therºdynamic
Propertiea
orNeod
from°5 3.xbetween
2premented 0.1and
200
by
aphores, McCarty Paper atthe Symposium

Third
R.
at
of B.
3.
and Stewart.
by L.
tº
There.physical
or. Prºperti
ee, 32-2t,
University,
Purdue March 1965,
Lafayette,
Indiana.
Thºreºphysical
fºrgºerties Tetºperatures,
Serge
Gratch,
ºn
Extreme
at
Published
Aazaaces
in
Engineers,
York, 1965).
N.
editor;
put: S3:1°ty New
Y.
1shedAzer:
can Mechanical
W–F–2
TEMPERATURE-ENTROPY
CHART FOR NEON
PRESSURE , (P) O1m.

DENSITY, (p) g/cm3
ENTHALPY , (H) Joules /g
Notionq| Burequ of Stondords
CryogenicEngineeringLaboratory
Boulder, Colorado
H=65 Joules /g
H=105 Joules/g
|O 2O 3O 4.O 50 5.6
ENT ROPY, Joules/g ° K
, Sergeh,
Gråtº
k,R.Y.#.
W–F–3
USCCºd
-MBS-BL
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF LIQUID NEON
Source of Data: Lochtermann, E., "Thermal Conductivity

of Liquid Neon", Cryogenics 3, 44–45
(1963)
Temperature K
°K 107° W/cm *k
25 l. 17
26 1.15
27 l. 13
27. 5 l. 125
28 l. 13
28 - 5 l, ll
29 l. 07
30 0.91
Table constructed from data taken

from smoothed curve in source.
W–G–1.1
|.2O
HERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
of LIQUID NEON
|..]5
|, |O
|.O5
i.OO
O.95
O.90
25 26 27 30 29
TEMPERATURE, *K
W–G–1. 2
(at One Atmosphere)
urces of Data 3
Amdur, I., J. Chem. Phys. 16, 190-l. (1918) -
Kannuluik, W. G. and Carman, E. H., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 65B,

701-9 (1952)
Srivastava, B. M. and Saxena, S. C., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) TOB
369-78 (1957)
Thomas, L. B. Golike, R. C.,
and J.
Chem. Phys. 22, 300-5 (195k)
Weber, S., Ann. Physik. 5k, 325, 137, h91 (1917)
Weber, S., Proc. Roy. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 21, 342 (1919(
Weber, S., Verslag Akad. Wetenschappen Amsterdam 26, 1338-53 (1918)
mments :
Conversions from 0°C to “K in the table below are based on a value of
the ice point of 273.09°K used by the Leiden Laboratory in 1917 and 1918.
The disagreement with the currently accepted value, 273.15°K is of no
consequence because of the small temperature dependence of thermal
conductivity and the relative uncertainty of the conductivity measurements.
Temperature Thermal Cond. Temperature Thermal Cond.
°C °K cal/cm-sec -*K °K cal/cm-sec -“K
-213.09 6O +3.79 10-5 173.09 8.13 x 10-5

*
x
1ſ
!{
53 17
–2O3.09 70 %l. 18O 7.32

+
!?
-l93.09 8O %l. 194.59 8.76

|1
-lö3 .09 %| ,86 +

8.85
||
90 1911.59
H!
8.79
||
-lô3.09 90 H.93 198.72

!{
8.82
|1
-182.97 90 12 .89 2OO

l;
-
7.78
||
-l92.97 90. 12
!I
%5.OO 2OO
–28l.
|?
!!
91.66 223.09 9.67

13
H.99
*
|
-181. *l.99 *ll.Ol;

||
91.69 273.09
H.
!I
|
ti
10.87
*!
-173.09 l_OO %5.19 273.09

ll. 10
1
l2O
!!
-l93.09
:
%5.78 273.09
*ll. 13
!}
!{
-150 l23.09 6.31 273.09

:
ll. Fºll.99
!{
-l93.09 *6.33
!!
3O8.7
O
11
|
|1
—ll3.09 160 +6.8l. 310 #12. Oló
Calculated Values Interpolated Values *

#:
.20%
*
* Presented ll.
at
as KT/Ko where Ko
Oli
= cal/cm-sec -*K 0°C
W–G–2.
1
O.50
O.45 of GASEOUS NEON
of one of mosphere
O4 O
|
O.35
O.30
i O.25
O.2O
O. : 5
| OO | 50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
W–G–2. 2
HERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of GASEOUS NEON
(at 271.79°K and 373.09°K)
Sources of Data ;
Kannuluik, W. G. and Carman, E. H., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 65B,

701-9 (1952)
Kannuluik, W. G. and Martin, L. H., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) Allº!,
cº-º-º:
l;96-513 (1934)
Weber, S., Ann. Physik. 82, h79-503 (1927)

Comments:
Values of the thermal conductivity at 273.09°K and atmosphere are

10.9l x 10-2 g-cal/cm Bec “K [Bannawitz, E., Ann. Physik. H8, 577-92
l
(1915)], 10.92 x 10-2 g-cal/cm sec “K [Curie, M. and Lepape, M.,
Compt. rend. 193, 842-3 (1931) 1, 11.10 x 1072 g-cal/cm, sec “K
[Kannuluik, W. G. and
Cºgn; E. G., Proc. Phys. Boc. (London) 65B,
701-9 (1952)], ll.12 x 1072 g-cal/cm sec “K [Kannuluik, W. G. and T
Martin, L. H., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) Allili, h96-513 (1934) 1, and
10.87 x 10” g-cal/cm sec “K [Weber, S., Verslag Akad. Wetenschappen
Amsterdam 26, 1338-53 (1918)].
A value of 11.0 x 10° g-cal/cm sec “K given by Weber is considered

to be the best value at 273.09°K and atmosphere. l
Table of Selected Walues
T = 27/1.79°K T = 373.09°K+
Press. Thermal Cond, Press. Thermal Cond.
cm/Hg cal/cm-sec-°K cm/Hg cal/cm-sec-‘K
67.0 ll. 28 x 10-5 75.07 l3.58 x 10-5
67.0 ll. 28 !!
66.13 l3.59
ſt
55.6 ll. 29 ſt
57, l;2 l3.59
!!
12. It ll. 29 " 50.15 l3.57 "

30.6 ll. 30 71
ll.89 13.17
ºt
19.l. ll. 30 1t
33.82 13.56
77
19. H. **ll. 31 f
25.56 13.58
11
77
17.10 l3.60
* mean gas temperature = 371.l.9°K

** mean gas temperature = 27/1.19%K
W–G–2.3
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT LIQUID NEON
Source of Data: Bewilogua, I., et al., "Measurements on

Liquid Neon", Cryogenics, Vol. 6, 21–24
(1966)
rising T fal
—tº O
T (‘’K) € T (‘K) €
26. 50 l. 1897 28.87 l. 1828

26 - 75 l. 1889 28. 61 l. 1836
27.00 l. 1883 28 . 37 l. l843
27. 25 l. 1876 28. 10 l. 1850
27. 50 l. 1868 27 - 86 l. 1858
27. 75 l. 1861 27. 62 l. 1865
28 l, l854 27 38 l. 1872
ll
. OO -
28 - 25 l. 1846 27. l. l880

28 - 5O l. 1839 26.86 l. 1887
28. 75 l. 183 l 26.62 l. 1893
29.00 l. 1824 26 - 38 l. 1900
26. ll l. 1907
W–H-1. 1
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LIQUID NEON
|
1-195
1.190
1.185 O
o Run 1
Q
e Run 2
O O
e Run 3
e Run 5
O
e Run 6
- O
1-18O
25 26 27 28 29
T (°K)
Dielectric constant of liquid neon (24.5–29.8° K)
|
1180
117O
N
toll—A
1.15O
* 1140
1.130He
o Run 2
• Run 4
º
e Run 5
1.12O
3O 35 4O 45°
T (°K)
Dielectric constant of liquid neon
(29.8–44.2° K)
V—H-1. 2
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS NEON
Sources of Data:
Bryan, A. B. (1929), The Dielectric Constants of Argon and Neon. , Phys. Rev. 3, 615-17;
C.A. 24, l259 (1930).
Watson, H. E., Rao, G. G., and Ramaswamy, K. L.

º
(1931), The Dielectric Coefficients of
Gases. Part I.
The Rare Gases and Hydrogen., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) l;2A,
tº 569-85;
C.A. 25, 5320 (1931).
Cuthbertson, C., and Cuthbertson, M. (1932), The Refraction and Dispersion of Neon and
Helium., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) l;5A, 40; C.A. 26, 2093 (1932).
Hector, L. G., and Woernley, D. L. (1916), The Dielectric Constants of Eight Gases. ,
Phys. Rev. 69, lol-5; C.A. 10, 2366 (1946).
Jelatis, J. G. (1948), Measurements of Dielectric Constant and Dipole Moment of Gases

by the Beat-Frequency Method. , J.
Appl. Phys. 19, 19-25; C.A. l.2, 6593 (1918).
Comments:
Using the heterodyne-beat method, Bryan found the value of the dielectric constant for
neon at one atmosphere and 0°C to be l.000ll;8 after calibrating his instrument with air
assuming its dielectric constant to be 1.000589. Using the same general method, Watson
et al. reported values of l.OOOl31, and 1.0001316 for O’C and l
atmosphere, determined
from measurements at 25 and -l91°C respectively. They also report values for 25°C of
l.000l.229 determined from measurements at 25°C and l.000l.233 determined from measurements
at -191°C.
Cuthbertson and Cuthbertson report an index of refraction which through the Cauchy
relation is equivalent to a dielectric constant of l.000133 at 0°C and l atmosphere.
Hector and Woernley made a study of dielectric constants primarily to determine whether
there was a marked difference between values obtained by static techniques and by high
frequency techniques. They observed no such difference. Measurements of the dielectric
constant of neon yielded the value of l.00012.7l f 0.000005 at 0°C and l atmosphere.
Jelatis concluded that the wide discrepancies in the data of previous observers are due
in part, at least, to the neglect of certain stray components in the circuits involved.
He gives values of l.0001337 and l.000131 l
resulting from six and five determinations
respectively at STP (Probably 0°C and l atmosphere).
Reprinted from NBS Report 8.252
W–H–2
SURFACE TENSION of SATURATED LIQUID NEON
Sources of Data:
Guggenheim, E. A. , J. Chem. Phys. 13, 253-6l (1915)
Wan Urk, A. T., Keesom, W. H. and Nijhoff, G. P. , Proc.

Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 35, 182-1 (1926)
Temperature Surface Tension

°K (ſ), dyne/cm
2l, 5.90%
21.8 5.6l3:
25 5.50++
25.7 5.33%
26 5.15%
26.6 l.99%
27 lº.8O ++
27.l. lº.69%
28
lº.
Bººk
l.
28.3 lº. lºl,

*
Experimental values
*
** Smoothed values
W-I-1
||| 62
|||
|||
NO
IS
N E
`NŲ
O
|||
N
E
`№
IL
|||
E
NqinonCJELLV/MITTILV/S
O
|||
V-J
`Q.
!!
0
S
||| J.
92Z
||| <ų
º
Xa
|||
38
>
/ -
—
|W
-
3
7.
Yºº
MELTING RANGE 1670- 173O KT
2
y
||
|
|
|
|
||
||
||
|
|
|
||
||
_1_
IO-5
2
|3
|O
5
|| 7
2
|3
5
|5
|| 7
2
|3
2
3
2
|3
| 1-
|5
|| 7
5
7
|
|O |O-2 IO-3
k
TEMPERATURE,
T
Y
|V|
THE RMAL CONDUCT OF STA|N LESS STEEL 3O4A

Temperature, F
- 450 - 400 – 30O – 200 -|OO 32

|OO
| | | |
2.
_T
O.
| |O |OO 3OO
Temperature, K
THERMAL conDucTIVITY VERSUs TEMPERATURE FORTYPE 316 STAINLEss stEEL
VII-Q–6
7O
2T \conotion
60 --~~~~
UNKNOWN
5O
21
`condition UNKNown
[317]
21 [1092]
4O
3O |----- -
2O H-—--- -
º
|O }---- -- - - - --- ~~~~~~<-----------
===--
- - ---— *~
**-***-** *--,– --a-----------
-------- ~~
-zoo -200 -ico o |OO 2CO 3OO 4CO 5CO

. TEMPERATURE, *F
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF 7O / 3O BRASS
VII-R-l
•“
8
WBL 8.3d n.Lv 38
8
6
|
2
|9
|8
|
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—
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Go
to O2
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|
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B\/S
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We to
|
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8Oº
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us/LLVM'All
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VII-S-1
Q
JOº/ ,3ųou2nO“
!2O
AllOſhCNOO
|
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8OO’
9OO
TVW83HL
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, BTU/hr ft.*R
9
OO.’
O
T
|ÅL
țz
OO’ OTvw !3HL NO /\|_LO
2
2OOO °-;
AJ
O
T
S
V/
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.O2O]89tz
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O8O9O OOº.OOZOO!
o
XI
83dW31 Lv ‘Bºn
VIII. SPECIFIC HEAT OF SOME SOLIDS
CONTENTS
Aluminum
Copper
Indium
Iron (a) , (Y)
Tan talum
Activated Charcoal
ICe
Polyethylene
Teflon
Rubber, Buna-s, Kel-F
Rubber, Natural
Quart Z
Vitreous Silica (Silica Glass, Quartz Glass)

Arald ite, Epoxies
Niobium, Niobium-Titanium, Titanium
Carbon
Stainless Steel
Beryllium
T in
Lead
Additional Reference to Entire Chapter: NBS Monograph 21.
VIII–INDEX
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of ALUMINUM
Sources of Data:
Giauque, and Meads, P. F.,
W. F. J.
Am. Chem. Soc. 63, 1897-1901 (1911)
Maier, C. G. and Anderson, C. T., J.
Chem. Phys. 2,513-27 (1934)
Phillips, N. E., Low Temperature Physics and Chemistry, Univ. Wisconsin
Press (1958)
Other References:
Behn, U., Ann. Physik Beiblatter 25, 178 (1901)
Goodman, B. B., Compt. rend. 2d., 2899 (1957)
Griffiths, E. G. and Griffiths, E., Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A90,
557 (1915 .
Kok, J. A. and Keesom, W. H., Physical, 835 (1937)-
Koref, F., Ann. Physik (li) 36, h9 (1911)
Nernst, W., Ann. Physik (li) 26, 395 (1911)
Nernst, W. and Lindemann, F.A., Z. Elektrochem. 17, 817 (1911)
Nernst, W. and Schwers, F., Sitzber. kgl. preuss. Akad. Wiss. 355 (1911)
Richards, T. W. and Jackson, F. G., Z. physik. Chem. 70, lill (1910)
Schmitz, H. E., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 72, 177 (1903)
Tilden, W. A., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) Tl, 220 (1903)
Temp. H Temp. H
Cp °p
°K J/gm-°K J/gm °K J/gm-‘K J/gm
l O.OOO LO+ 0.211. 3.6l,
l
6O
.OOO O5l || O.OOO O25 70 .287 6.15
2 .OOO 108 .000 loš 8O .357 9.37
3 OOO 176 .OOO 216 90 . l.22 l3.25
l, .OOO 26l .000 l;63 lOO . 1,81 lT. 76
6 .OOO 50 .OOl 21 l2O .58O 28. l;
8 .OOO 88 .002 6 ll.0 .65l. l,0.7
LO .OOl l; .001, 9 l6O . 713 5l. l;
l; .OOl; O .Ol& l8O . 760 69.2
2O .OO8 9 .Ol;8 2OO .797 81.8
25 . Ol'7 5 ..ll2 22O .826 1Ol.O
30 .031 5 .232 210 .8l. 9 ll7.8
35 .O.5l 5 .l.26 26O .869 l35.0
l;0 .O77 5 .755 28O .886 152.5
5O ..ll;2 l.85 300 .902 l7O. l.
* Superconducting
VIII—A-1
O8
HTT SPECIFIC HEAT
*
-
of ALUM NUM
-
|
O6 (I• - loo K )
—
º
O4
/ —
;
/
O3
O2H
/
/ ºs
*
–
. 7
*
/ /
—
/
:
O8
*
O6
Z
/ *
*
Z
2 3 4 |O
TEMPERATURE, *K
VIII—A-2
TEMPERATURE, *R
O
8
2O 4O 6O |OO 2OO 4OO
O.2
O.6
|
O.
O.4
SPECIFIC HEAT
.O6
O.2
A
|
OF LUM NUM
4
.O
-9
(IO 3OO°K)
O.
.O2
.O6
.OI
.O4
.OO6
i
.
O2
.OO4
|
.O
OO2
OO6
|
. .
OO4 .OO
6
.OOO
.OO2
4
OOO
|
.OO
O
O
4
8
2
2O 3O 6O |OO OO 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
TEMPERATURE, *R
4 6 8 |O
CD
ENTHALPY Of
ALUM | NUM
(a_OI
(,
Á
q OI
q
^
ÁId
!!
1 !!
ÁId
nu)
/ !/
nu)
u
6 q
i
sa n
La
noſ
“Aanw
d
“A
n
I3
(NJ•-8<ſ
w
H1N
H 3
OOO
CN=
C
N
.O6
.O2
O
|
TEMPERATURE, *k
VIII—A-4
W3L 83d ‘3&n.Lv Ho
O
O
O
2
O
O
ſº
ºO2 O9 OO!O8
OOI
OOI
E
dT\/H1N
A N
|
-JO TV7 Wºn WQ
|O
-o
•
(X
)
Ol OOº
o
B
|
©
~,
��
5C=
5°
ENTHALPY,
|
*
VIII—A-5
-u
r
]]>
·r·
-|
BTU/lb
2 o
rn
|’O
|
O’
|
ty
|
OºO2O O9O O8 OO OO2 OOº.

o XI
W31 J3d n.lv ‘38

SPECIFIC HEAT OF COPPER
cº,
K'
gº'
g’k
cº,
CK
cal
cal
T *K
300 23
9. 9.
10~
x
2.
70 1077
*
0.
x
1
0.2 5.30 400 46

0.3 7. 95 500 9."1
-
0.4 05 10 600 9.95
1. 1. 1. 1.
700 1.02 10
x
0. 32
|
6 5
04
1. 1.
0. 59 800
88 900 07
0.7
l, 1.
0.8 2. 15 1000 09
O. 2.46 1100 ll
9
1.
2.75 1200 14
l
16
l.
59 1300
6.
4 3 2
1.26 10 (s) 1356 18t

x
1.
2. 17 (1) 1356 (1.18)
3. 45 1400 (1.18)
5
5.45 1500 (1.18)

6
1600 (1.18)
1. 1. 8.
00
7
14 10 1700 1.18)
x
8
(
56 1800 (1.18)
9
10 2. 05 1900 (1.18)
63 2000 (1.18)
6.
15
1.76 1073 100 (1.18)
2
20
x
2200 (1.18)
6.
30 53
40 1.42 10 2300 (1.18)
x
50 2. 36 2400 (1.18)
60 3.45 2500 (1.18)
70 4. 10 2600 (1.18)
80 4. 35 2700 (1.18)
90 5. 50 2800 (1.18)
06 2900 (l. 18)
8. 6.
100
200 55 3000 (1.18)
(34) [373-1273K); Bell, (35) [288-701K);

P.
et A.
Investigators: Avramescu,
I.
Booker, J.,
(36) 727-1210K) Butler, C. P., and Inn,
al
;
(
C. Y. (37) [337–946K) Dockerty, M. (38) [201-38983

S.
E.
;
;
Dockerty, M. (39) [28–194K); Eder, F.X. (40) [30–300K)

S.
Esterman, I., (41) [2.2–3. 6K) Eucken, A., and Werth,

et
al
[94-219K); Fieldhouse, B., (43) [811-1311K);

al
H.
et
(42)
I.
Fieldhouse, B., (44) [1366–1922K] Giauque, W.

F.,
al
et
P. I.
Howse, T.,
P.
(46)
al
et
and Meads, (45) [15–300K)

F.
(366–544K); Jaeger, M., (47) [573–1173K);

F.
al
et
ºsm-ºsmºs
"Estimated (5)
VIII-B-1
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of COPPER
(l” to 10°K)
Sources of Data:
Corak, W. S., Garfunkel, M. P., Satterthwaite, C. B. and
Wexler, A., Phys. Rev. 98, lê99–1707 (1955)
Rayne, J. A., Australian J. Phys. 9, 189-97 (1956)
Other References: r
I.,
§
Esternann,
532
(1953;
Friedberg, S. A., and Goldman, J. E., Phys. Rev.
3,
Kok, and Keeson, H., Physica
A.
J.
W.
1035-15 (1936)
Phillips, ,Low_Temperature Physics and Chemistry, Univ.
E.
N.
,
Wisconsin Press (1958) pp. Ilu-7
Corºnents:
For the temperature range 0° to 10°K, the specific heat follows

the equation:
[sº]
3
lo -6
z
- 10.8 30.6 j/gm _o
+
T
K
x
ºp
:
Temp.
Cp
H.
*
*K J/gm-"K J/gn
O.OOO Ol2 O.OOO OO6
.OOO O28
2
.OOO O25
.000 053 .OOO O6);

3
l,
.OOO O91 .OOO l3

.OOO lil;
6
.OOO 23
.OOO l;7 .OOl l2

8
lC) .OOO 86 .002

l;
T
Cp
=
!.
dT
*
B
VIII-B-2
Temperature , F
–459 - 455 - 450

| | |
ſ
/
M–
: " 2%
/
||
/
24,/
*ºſ /
| |
i
º
Ž 99.999 Cu
J/ — O.
O.O4
ZJ/
O .I | |O
Temperature , K
SPECIFIC HEAT VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR COPPER
VIII-B-2. 1
SPECIFIC HEAT
of COPPER
( [• - || O 9 K )
TEMPERATURE, *k
VIII-B-3
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of COPPER
(lo” to 300°K)
Sources of Data:
Dockery, S. M., Can. J. Research 15A, 59-66 (1937)

Oth - r References:
Acyara, S. and Kanda, E., J. Chem. Soc. Japan 62, 312-15 (1911)
Seºn, U., Ann. Physik u. Chem. (3) 66, 237-lil (1898)
Bronson, H. L., Chisholm, H. M. and Doc':erty, S. M. , Can. J. -
Research 8, 282-303 (1933)
-
Eucken, A. and Werth, H., Z. anorg. allgem. Chem. l88,

*-* Schenck Fest
schrift, l;2-72 (1930)
Giauque, W. F. and Meads, P. F., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63, 1897-190l (1911)
Keesom, W. H. and Onnes, H. K. , Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden No.

li:Ta, 3 (1915)
Koref, F., Physik 36, h9-73 (1911)

Ann.
Neinst , W. , Sitzber. kgl. preuss. Akad. Wiss. 262 (lglO)
Nernst, W., Sitzber, kgl. preuss. Akad. Wiss. 306 (1911)
Nernst, W. and Lindemann, F. A. , Z. Elektrochen. lī, 817 (1911)
Schimpff, H., Z. physik. Chem. Ti, 257 (1910)
Temp. H+
Temp. Cp
H+ °p
°K j/cm-‘K j/gn °K j/gr-‘K j/gm
lO O.OOO 86 || O.OO2l, lOO 0.25l. 10.6

ls l2O .288 l6.l
2O
.OO2 7
.OO7 7
. Oloſſ
.034 ll.0 . 313 22. l
25 .016 .090 l60 .332 28.5
30 .O27 . 195 l8O .346 35.3

l;O . O60 .6l 2OO .356 l;2.l.
50 .099 l.lio 22O .36]; l;9.6
60 . 137 2.58 2lQ .37l 56.9
70 ..l73 li.l? 26O .376 6l.l.

8O .205 6.02 28O .381 72.O
90 .232 8.22 3OO .386 79.6
f T
* H = | C 5T
° o P
VIII–B–4
O4
O2
Ol
YQ
SPECIFIC HEAT
E gº
of COPPER
Uſ)
GA)
)K
T-5 C4 (IO*
-3OO°
.9.
oz
&
}
<ſ
lu
i
I
|
.O
Qu
O
ul
Cl
90
004
.OO2
|
OO
2O 3O 4O 60 8O |OO 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *k
SPECIFIC HEAT OF COPPER
|
I
II II
I
II
I
I
I
II
II II
ems
L.
I
m QUID
---
=
º
_-T
|-> em
2^
M- º
em
|-
/%
I
F
em
me
i
º
|-
ſ|
|- -
/
P.
K
|-> M. 356 t
|
º||
||
|
||
||
||
|
|
|
|
||
5.
5
3
3
5
7
I2
7
2
IO
3
7
3
2
5
2
O
..
|OO IOOO
K
TEMPERATURE,
TEMPERATURE, *R
ūğ á
5º
IC <£ –1 >=
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CN]-|
ÁIdųInuu)
ÁIdųInuu)
/n
ql
'
uuô/sæ|noſ
lg
Co<tCN–ÇO<r
Co.<r.CN]
OOOOO
OOOOOO
AdTv
“AdTVH1NE
H1N3
.O.
O2
OO6
O|
OO
4
.OOO6
O
|
TEMPERATURE, *K
VIII–B–7
TEMPERATURE, *R
s
2O 3O 4O 6O 8O |OO 2OO 3OO 40O
2O
O
4
2O
2
N
E
Y
THALP
4
OF COPPER
–
(IO* 3OO "K)
4
o
O4
i
O.2
4
O. .O
. 2
.O
4
.O
|
.O
.O2
|
.O
4
.OO
.OO2
OO4
|
.OO
.OO2
O
8
|O 2O 3O 4O 6O |OO 2OO 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
;i[.
|
|
|
ſo
9
2
8
5
6
3
4
1
Temperature,
K
SPECIFIC HEAT VERSUS TEMPERATURE

FOR COPPER ALLOY 90 CU– Nl
O
1
VIII-B-9
SPECIFIC HEAT and ENTHALPY of INDIUM
Sources of Data :
Cler-2nt, J. R. and Quinnell, E. H., Phys. Rev. 92, 258 (1953)

Clusius, K. and Schechinger, L., Z. Naturforsch. AT, 185 (1952)
Cther References :
clerent, J. R. and Quinnell, E. H., Naz. Bur. Standards Circ. 519, 89

(1952) and Phys. Rev. 79, 1028 (1950)
T Cp H T Cp H
°K :/gr-ºx 3/s: *K J/gm-*K j/gm
l 0.000 O29 O. OOO Oll 60 O. 176 5.73

l .OOO Olgº .OOO OO6% 7C . 186 7.53
9.l;2
2 .OOO 138 .OOO O85 80 . 193
2 .OOO lll:# .OOO O73% 90 . 198 il. 38
3 .OOO l;10 .OOO 3kl LOO .2O3 13. 39
3 .OOO l;6||34 .OOO 35.7% l2O .2ll 17.53
3. l. Ołł .OOO 58! .OOO 537 ll. O . 217 21.8l
3.110 .OOO 669% .OOO 581+ l60 . 22O 26.18
l, .000 95 .OOO 99 l8O .223 30.6l

6 .003 59 .OO5 20 2OO .225 35.08
8 .OO8 55 . Ol'7 O 22O .227 39.59
lO .015 5
.Ol;0 8 21:0 .229 lili.ll;
lS .036 7 . 170 260 . 230 l:3.72

2O .O6O 8 .kl3 28O .232 53.31,
25 .O85 7 .778 3OO . 233 58.0
30 ..l.08 l. 265
l:O .lkl 2.52
50 ..l62 li. Ol,
* Superconducting
** Superconducting transition temperature
VIII-C-1
4O
2O
SPECIFIC HEAT
Of ND|UM
|O (I• - IO 9 K )
3.
O5
O.4.
:
O.3
SUPER CON DU C T | NG N O R MA L
O.2
O.
i .O6
.O 4
O3
.O2
.O |
| 2 3 4.
TEMPERATURE, *k
VIII-C-2
§
3
×
& i
3
H.
<ſ
LL
Inſ
S.
:
fr)
C
— CO (D <! (NJ
3 S O C O C. C O o
Xo u 5/sal noſ ‘(*o) Lv3 H C) | 3 || O 3c S
VIII-C-3
TEMPERATURE, *R
2 3 4. 6 8 |O
4 OO
3 OO
2OO
ENTH AL PY -
of IND|UM
© - IO*o K
le.
)
(r | OO
6O
4O
3O
TO 2O
>
-D
> | O
S.
=
6
5 t
E
*Cº. 3
*->
•*
O
UPERCO
2
>
0.
—l
<ſ
|2
sº
O.6
Li)
OJ O.4
O.S
D6
O2
JO3
O
.O2
.O 1; 2 3. 4 6 8 IO
TEMPERATURE, *k
VIII-C-4
w
d
3
L
°
83 Lv 38'n 80
OO2OO|O9O9Oț»OºO2
O2
tz
O
T
N
H
E
d
\7
L
,\
|
O
2
ſn
W
|O
N
OO |J
-•OI) XoOO9 9(
|
{»O
9
2
ufi/sal noſ
ENTHALPY,
|
2
‘A 9.O
d
VIII-C-5
ţ»O|
BTU/lb
O
9
TV H1N3
2O
tº
O
|O
2O
9Oſ
‘O ț»|
9
O
2ț»C
|
2O2O ºO 9O |O8O OOº.OO2OO
Xa
3
1
º3
vº
&
BL d'W
SPECIFIC HEAT and ENTHALPY of Cy-IROM
Sources of Data :
Duyckaerts, G., Physica 6, 401-8 (1939)

Keesom, W. H. and Kurrelmayer, B., Physica. 6, 633 (1939)
Kelley, K. K., J. Chem. Phys, ll, 16-8 (1913)
Other References :
Austin, J. B., Ind. Eng. Chem. 2k, 1225 (1932)
Behn, U., Ann. Physik (3) 66, 237 (1898)

Duyckaerts, G., Mem. soc. roy. Bci. Liege 6, 193 (1995)
Eucken, A. and Werth, H., Z. enorg. u. aligem. Chem. 188, 152 (1930)
Griffiths, E. G. and Griffiths, E., Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A2lk,
eº º º
319 (19.j and Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A90, 557 (191b)
.Gunther, P., Ann. Physik (b) 51, 828 (1916)
Richards, T. W. and Jackson, F. G., Z. physik. Chem. To, lºll (1910)
Michalek, J. C., J.
T.,
Rodebush, W. H. and Am. Chem. Soc. 2117 (1925)
Schmitz, E., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) T2,
H.
177 (1903)
Simon, F., lil, lll:3
Z.
angew. Chem. (1928)

Swain, C., physik.
R.
Simon,
Z.
B28, 189 (1935)

F.
and Chem.
Comments
:
-Iron to the Curie point at 760°C. It

is
is
the form that stable up

o:
has body-centered cubic lattice.

a
Cp
H
T
°p
j/gm-*K j/gm
*K
°K j/gm-°K j/gm
l;6
2.
O.000 O90 O.OOO Ol;5 70 O. l.2

l
l83 .OOO 18l 8O .15k 3.81,

2
.OOO
.OOO 279 .000 hl.2 90 .186 5.55
3
.OOO 7l;2 lOO ,216 7.56

8 6 l,
.000 382
.OOO 615 .OOl 73 l2O .267 12.40
.OOO 90 .003 23 11:0 .307 18.16
10 .00l 21, .005 37 160 .339 21.63

15 .002 lºg .Oll, 18O .364 31.67
6 5
2O .OOl; .031 2OO .38l; 39.2

5
25 .OO7 .06l 22O .k0l. l;7.O

5
.012 .ll.O 2lQ 55.2

l;
3O .k15
l;O .029 .31 260 ..lp28 63.6
50 .055 .73 28O .k39 72.3

60 .087 l.l:3 3OO ..lºl,7 8l.l
VIII-D-1
O.
.O8
SPECIFIC HEAT
O7 of a | RON
: .O6
(I* - IO* K )
i º
.O5
|O4
.i .O 3
i O2
.O |5
2 3 4
TEMPERATURE, *K
VIII–D–2
QO
Of^)
ºR
SPECIFIC HEAT (COE), BTU/lb
Q9
3OO
·
OO
4 O
2O
O
2O
OO
O
8
,
*K
*R
O
6
|
O
RATURE
TEMPERATURE,
E
P O
M 8 ·H
E O
T <ſ
uJ 2
4
~~
O
O 0
|
6
C ©
3O
��→
O
SPECIF
4O
2O
O8C
rº)●- *
2O
|
O
O4
ıv
uſ
sa
Ino *(db) 1310 aas

H
=
»
O
/
º
VIII–D–3
TEIAPERATURE, *R
6 8 |O
I T
4. 18
55 TITI | | |
|
I | I | | I | II I I
5O
2O
* ENT HAL PY
—ls
of a | RON —
(1° - IO* K)
| T
3O
–
—lio
2O
i / T
i
/
y
—ls
—
Z *
L+T –
——TT ---
...”
2 3. 4 5 6 7 8 9
PERATURE, *k
M
E
T
VIII–D–4
Iºfſ IQ
•
B
mlwg3d.w3ı ‘38
O
ț»O2 OOț»OOZOO!O8O9
OOI
Ot»
O2Oț»
O
|O2
| O
d
LNB TV/H vÅ
MJ
||
p
30� 2NO
LI
•
I
-•OI)2B OO9 !(X

2•à.
2
E|
<£
șO5. –1
%
20$O75 >=
VIII–D–5
CD
TOZO|×
ºo
Pr
S
vol'Oș
„C)•{
2
O2
run ��Oſ
|
Oº2O
Off
t»OOº|
2OO
�OOſ
|
OO”2OOH
O’
|O |
O9OGOt»OºO2O O1 O0 O6 OOI
X
e
“Bunlww3dwal
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of y - IRON
Sources of Data:
Eucken A. and Werth, H., Z. anorg. u. allgem. Chem. 188, 152-72
(1930).
Comments :
The values of specific heat for pure y iron were calculated by

Eucken and Werth by application of the Kopp-Neumann principle to
their specific heat measurements on a 30% Min-Fe alloy and 19.1%
Mn-Fe alloy. In view of this procedure, the values tabulated below
should be regarded as an approximation only.
T Cp H-HoO
•K j/gm-‘K J/gm
2O O.OO7
3O .016 O.ll
l;O .0ll O. 39
50 .090 l.02
60 2•l6
.137
70 .180 3-75
8O .218 5.7;
90 .255 8.11
LOO .288 10.8

12O
.345 17 -l
ll:0 •386 24.
l60 .#2% 32.6
2OO .l76 50.6
R757JJG Issued: 9-2-59
VIII-D-6
TEMPERATURE, *R
4O 6O 8O |OO 2OO 3OO
O3
O2
O. :
SPECIFIC HEAT
O8 of
y - IRON
O6
O4
O3
O2
D!
()O8
2O 3O 4O 60 80 |OO 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
VIII-D-7
TEMPERATURE, *R
8O OO OO 3OO
2
6
|
60
O
4
~~
Li
>=
<[
–1
H
Cl
2
(NJ→
OO
2O
( (
×o Ho
02
9€
10
O 40
= O
)º
H =
)*
H
/s
6
uu
/
ql
|
0
n.Lg
º
noſ
QO<r.(NJ•CC
Adºn
Adil
(O<r.
v
OQO<r.(NJ•--QO
H1NE
H1N3
•O
O2
O4
O.
O2
O6
O
|
3O 8O |OO 2OO
O
O
6
4
EMPERATURE, *K
T
VIII–D–8
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of TANTALUM
Sources of Data:
Kelley, K. K. , J. Chem. Phys. 8, 3.16-22 (1910)
White, D., Chou, C. and Johnston, H. L., Phys. Rev. 109, 797-802 (1958)
Other References :
clusius, K. and Losa, G. L.,

loa, 939-43 (1955)
Z. Naturforsch.
Desirant, M., Rept. Intern. Conf. Fundamental Particles and Low Temp.
3."."{ij}
Keesom, W. H. and Desirant, M., Physica 8, 273 (1911)
Mendlesohn, K., Nature 1.8, 316 (1941) -
Wolcott, N. M., Conf. Physique Bases Temp., Paris (1955)
tº
Worley, R. D., Zemansky,
hy.’Rºuri.58
M. W. and
(1955)
Boorse, H. A., Phys. Rev. 91, 1567-8
Comments :
For temperatures less than h"K, the normal specific heat Cp

follows the
equation: .
(#)
3
c. - (31.1.0.5) x 16” to." ſº-º:
of Selected
*
Table Values
Temp.
l
°K
* Cp, j/gm-*K
super-
|comºting
o.oOo. 032 |0.000 OO63 |0.000 Oló |0.000 0021

.000 O65 | .000 O26
H, J/gm
super-
|comºting
Temp.
°K
To
8O
ſº
O.O879
Cº
j/gm-°K
O
|
H
J/gm
2.56
3.19
2 .000 O68 | .000 05l. .O976
.000 lj8
‘l;
3 .OOO 112 | .000 178 .OOO 155 90 .105 .50

.000 l;00 LOO •lll 5.58
l;
.OOO 171 .000 352 .OOO 295

lº.39 .000 201 .000 k33 .OOO 368 .000 553 l2O ..ll.9 7.88
|
.OOO 333 .OOO 776

ll;0 .125 10.1;
8 6
.OOO 6l. .001 73. 160 .128 12.9

8
1O .OOl 17 .003 52 18O .l3l 15.5

15 .003 60 .0ll, 2OO .13% 18.l
5
2O .OO8 23 .Ol;3 22O .136 2O.8

2
25 .015 .102 21:0 .137 23.6

l; 0 O 3
30 .02l .2O2 260 .138 26.3

l;O ..Ol;3 .5l;0 28O .l39 29.1
50 .060 l.06 300 .ll.0 3l.9
60 .O75 l.Th.
lº
Reprinted from WADD

TECH. REPORT 60-56
VIII–E–1
O8
O6
O4
O2
O8
O6
O4
SPECIFIC HEAT
of TANTALUM
( [• - IO* K )
C2.
.O |
OO 8
OO 6
3 4. 6
TEMPERATURE, *K
VIII–E–2
O.
O6
4
O
O2
SPECIFIC HEAT
i
OO6 of TANTALUM
o
(IO* 3OO K)
.OO4
.OO2
|
.OO
3OO
O
8
2OO
O
6
2O 3O 4O |OO
,
TEMPERATURE *K
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
Source of Data:
Simon, F. and Swain, R. C., Z. physik. Chem. B28, 189-98 (1935)
Comments:
The values in the table below do not represent precise measurements

and were made on a sample not fully characterized. The values are
much higher than those for graphite. Since activated charcoal
varies in structure and area, one may infer that the specific heat
might also vary considerably from Sample to Sample.
Temp. Cp H-H2O
°K j/gm-“K j/gm
2O 0.0l;2
.056 O. h9
l-l
30
l;O .OTO
50 .087 l.9
60 .l.0 2.8
TO .l2 3.9
8O .ll. 5.2
90 •l6 6.7
JJG/JRC Issued:
Revised: l% 9
/20/60
VIII–F–1
TEMPERATURE, *R
40 7O 8O 90 |OO 15O
SPECIFIC HEAT
Of
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
O3
O2
ois
() O
2O 3O 4O 5O 60 7O 8O 90
TEMPERATURE. "K
VIII-F–2
TEMPERATURE, *R
6O 7O 8O 90 |OO 2OO
E N T HAL PY
Of
ACTIVATE D CHARCOAL
;
:
i
O.8
O.6
O4
3O 4O 5O 6O 7O 8O 90
TEMPERATURE . *K
VIII–F–3
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of ICE
Sources of Data:
Giauque, W. F. and Stout, J. W., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58, ll”
(1936)
Simon, F., unpublished (1923). Data reproduced in Giauque and
Stout (see above).
Other References :
Barnes, W. H. and Maas, O., Can. J. Research 3, 205 (1930)

Duyckaerts, G., Mem. soc. roy. sci. Liege 6, 325 (1945)
Nernst, W., Ann. physik, ser. H, 36, 395 (1911)
Pollitzer, F., Z. Elektrochem. 19, 513 (1913)
Temp. Cp H Temp. Cp
H
°K j/gm-"K j/gm “K j/gm-*K| j/gm
l 0.000 Olj | 0.000 OOl; 60 O. 535 13.97

2 O.OCO lº O.OOO O61 70 O. 627 19.78
3 0.000 hl O.OOO 31 80 O.716 || 26.l.9
l, O.OOO 98 O.OOO 98 90 O.801 31.06

6 0.003 3 0.00l. 9 LOO O.882 l;2.l7
8 O.OO7 8 O.Ol; 6 12O l.03 61.6
1O O.Ol; 2 O.038 11:0 l. 16 83.5

l2
ll;
O.O26 5 0.079 l60 l. 29 lC3.0
O.Ol;3 O. ll:8 18O l.h3 l35.2
l6 O.O65 O.255 2OO l. 57 l65.l
18 O.O90 O.k10 22O l.T2 l97.9
2O O. lll: O.615 2lQ l.86 233.7
30 O.229 2.33 260 2. Ol 272.l.

l;O O.310 5.18 2.08
27O 292.8
5O O. lil;0 9.09 273.15 2.10 299.l.
VIII-G-l
ºg
º
».
013103&s 1v3H (ºo) ub/seľnoſ Kıdışınu) ønıda („ol
OO (N)«
O2
4O
| OO
6O
OO(O<! -CN)«…--->Q<r.
SPECIF
|
C
Tr
<[
Lu
| |
VIII–G–2
TEMPERATURE
,
o
K
3oo
2OO
|
OO
O
8
K
*
6O
TEMPERATURE,
O
4
3O
|----
<ſ
Luj
)K
ir:
2O
-9
300°
C
Fi
(1O
SPEC:
(\;----©
C)C)CC)CD
CO<ț.|- <†
|
O
.O2
C
Lw
uuô/ søſnoſ (ºo) BH OIB10Ba

--
»
S
º
VIII–G-3
§º Hº
Source of pºta:
Sochava, I. V. and Trapeznikovº, O. M., Sov, Phys. Doklady 2,
16k-6 (1957).
Comments:
Since no specific heat measurements existed below 60°K, enthalpy

values are given referenced to this temperature.
T Cp H-Hôo
*g J/gm-°K 3/gm
60 O. ii.18 g
70 lºë lº.57
...
80 .56l 9.8l.
9C .63.9 15.7
10C; .676 22.2
12C .778 36.8

lic .872
-
53.2
160 ,971 71.7
18C l.07 92.l
200 1.17
-
lll:
22C, 1.28 139
24() 2...h3 166
-
250 3.6% 195
•º
J.
Hº
CP
ºr
H
ºr
-
VIII-ii-i
Temperature , F
— 450 – 400 –3OO–2OO-|OO 32
/2.
| | || ||
|OOO
yZº
/
T
X
tºº
g
|OO
/
//
/ & T
"
/
={O.O.
(ſ)
Q) ºo
Amorpho us
is
/ =
//
OO
S
gº .
I
o
q} |O / I
5.
# / º
o
Q)
C.
/ Crystal line
T. O.OO!
§
G.
(ſ)
(ſ)
I
/
/ / I.O.OOO!
/
/
| |O | OO 3OO
Temper at ure , K
SPECIFIC HEAT VERSUs TEMPERATURE FOR CRYSTALLINE AND

AMORPHOUS POLYETHYLENE
VIII–H–2
SPECIFIC HEAT
Of
POLY ETHYLE NE
60 8O |OO 2OO
TEMPERATURE , "K
VIII–H–2. 1
SPECIFIC HEAT and ETHALPY of TEFLO: (MOLDED)
Source of Data:
Furukawa, G. T., McCoskey, R. E. and King, G. J., J. Research Natl.
Bur. Standards lig, 273 (1952)
Other References:
Noer, R. J., Dempsey, C. W. and Gordon, J. E., Bull. Phys. Soc.
l,
Am.
108 (1959)
Comments:
The above reference (Furukawa, et al.),

also gives data on molded
and annealed, molded and quenched, and powdered teflon. The effects
of heat treatment do not exceed 3% and are not significant below ljo’K.
The data indicate a second-order transition at about 160°K and two
first-order transitions between 280°K and 310°K. Thermal hysteresis
occurs in these regions. Because of this effect, data are not pre
sented for the region 280°K to 310 °K. Specific heat values at 5 °K
and 10°K were obtained through computation involving the Debye
temperature, 9o values extrapolated from the lj-30°K range.
Noer, et al. report an approximate formula for the specific heat of
teflon between l. l; “K and l; .2°K which is not in good agreement with
the extrapolated value of Furukawa, et al. tabulated below. Their
approximate formula is given as
C = h x lot” Tº J/gº-K
f
Temp. Cp H Temp. Cp H
°K j/ga"K J/g: °K J/gn"K j/gn
5
0.002; 0.003 lOO O.386 l9.5l
lO ..Ol& O.Ol;7 l2O O. l;57 27.9
15 ..Olſº 0.21 || 1:0 O. 525 37.7
2O .O76 O. 52 l60 O. 598 l;9.0
102 O.97 18O O.677 61.7

...
25
30 125 l.5l. 2OO O.7ll 75.9
.
l;O 2.99
.165 22O O.798 91.3
50 202 .83 21:0 O.853 107.8
l;
.
.
6O .238 7.O2 26O O. 193 l25.5

7O .27); 9.59 28O l. Ol lly!.6
8O 312 12.52 310 l. O2 lT9.3
.
99
||
350 15.83 ºf e-º-

sº
wººs.
º.ººrººººse *
ºr
tº
__
_
$
*
||
.
.
VIII-I-1
3OO
2OO
|
O'O
8O
6O
*K
TEMPERATURE,
3O
H
<ſ
LLJ 2
T O
–1
C)
Li LLI
C) |
O
C2
LLI
Li –1
H CD
CD >
LJ ��■■>
O
Cl
(/)
CN-<r.CN]•
CDCDOOC) 4
u()
O2
O4
OC
O
Xła uuÕ/ Sºlnoſ (d) WEH O|-4|OE &S
L
º
VIII–I–2
SPECIFIC HEAT AND ENTHALPY OF
GR-S (BUNA s) RUBBER (1-3 BUTADTENE, 25 WT. # STYRENE)
Source of Data :
Rands, R. D. Jr., Ferguson, W. T. and Prather, J. L., J. Research

Natl. Bur. Standards 33, 63-70 (19b];)
Comments :
A second-order transition which indicates a change of slope occurs

at about 212 °K. Hysteresis occurs in the region immediately below
this transition.
Temp. C H Temp. cp H
P
°K j/gm-°K j/gm *K j/gm-*K j/gm
5 O.OOl; O.005 l2O 0.7ll l;5.0

10 .028 .07 ll;0 .8ll 60.2
15 .O70 .31 l60 .9ll 77.l.
O
2O •ll3 .77 18O l. Ol 96.7
25 .155 l.lºl, 2OO l.l2 ll&.0
30 .l.96 2.32 210 l. 34 l30.0
liO .272 lº.66 212 1.66 l33.3

5O .338 7.72 22O 1.68 ll;6.l
60 .399 ll. HO 21:0 l.T3 180.1
B5
70 260 1.78 215.2

.l.
15.68
80 .509 20.50 28O 1.8l. 25l.l.
90 .562 25.86 3OO l.90 288.7
LOO .6l2 31.7l,
Reprinted from WADD TECH.REPORT 60-56
VIII—J–1
B
H
O|-||O3c}S L\7
S
8 )
-
–
40 89 VNQ (S
×e
tº
O
J388n8
u5/
Z'O
sainoſ
(°o)lva
H
VIII—J-2
t»
O'
O
2
ol-loads
ț»OO
|
O
|
O2 tºOº O9 O8 OO OOZ OOº.

m.
W31 83d Lv X-'38

Temperature, F
- 450 – 400 – 30O – 2 OO – |OO 32
|O -
| | | I |
/
X
:
9.
/ — IO-"
ã
I
º
/
10-8
ool; |O |OO 3OO

Temperature, K
- SPECIFIC HEAT versus TEMPERATURE FOR

POLY CHLOROTRIFLUOROETHYLENE (KEL-F)
VIII—J–3
SPECIFIC HEAT and ENTHALPY of NATURAL
RUBEER HYDROCARBON (Amorphous)
Source of Data:
Bekkedahl, N., and Matheson, H. J., Research Nat. Bur. Standards 15, 503
(1931.)
Comments :
These data apply to pure hydrocarbon polymer extracted from latex. Commerical
natural rubber differs from this by containing various additives and having
been vulcanized. No low-temperature data for vulcanized rubber have been
found, and the data on this sheet are presented as being the closest
available
approximation thereto. A second-order transformation (glass transformation)
occurs at about 200°K. The data in this region are the least applicable
to other forms of rubber since the temperature and shape of the transition
in Cp will be rather strongly affected by vulcanization and additives.
T Cp H T Cp H
°K j/gm-“K j/gm “K j/gm-*K j/gm

lj O.O73 0.32 l8O l.03 lCO.7
2O •ll'7 O.80 l90 l.08
30 .2Ol; 2. lil 195 l. 10
l;O .282 l!.8l. 2OO% l.lil:
50 . 352 8. Ol 205 || l.60
6O .kl8 ll.87 21O l.6l
70 .l;80 16.36 22O l.64 l;5.0
8O .537 2l.l;5 21:0 l.TO 188. l;
90 .596 27.12 260 l. 75 222.9
1OO .6l,6 33.3% 28O l.8l 258.l.
l2O .75 l;7.3 290 l.8l. 276.6
lºo .8l. 63.2 3OO l.89 295.3
l60 .9l, 81.0
* Second-order transition
VIII-K–1
dS O|-||OB} BH LV/ 40
&
\!
E
}+
0
B
T\/\ſ][^_L\/N
NOE?JVOO}}C},\H (SnOHdBOWV)
Xo-u5
o
o
|)
(X
4
/ 09 OOº
Sanoſ
‘LV3H
VIII-K-2
91.3
[03d
S
G
9
2
|
|
O9OtzOºO O8O OO OO2 OOº.
J3dWBL n.lv ‘38 Xa

SPECIFIC HEAT and ENTHALPY of QUARTZ
Sources of Data :
Anderson, C. T., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58, 568 (1936)

Westrum, E. F.; data reproduced in Lord, R.C. and Morrow, J. C., J. Chem.
Phys. 26, 230 (1957)
Other References :
Gunther, P., Z. anorg. u allgem. Chem. llé, 71 (1921)

Nernst, W., Ann. Physik (k) 36, 395 (1911)
T Cp H T Cp H
°K j/gm-°K j/gm °K j/gm-°K j/gm
1O O.OOO7 O.OOl lOO o.261 lC).5l

l; .OOl;0 O.Olz 12O . 325 16.37
2O . Oll3 O.Ol.9 ll;0 .385 23.18
25 .O22l O. l?l l60 .lill 31.75
3O .O.353 O.273 l8O .l.9l; Hl.l

liO .0653 O.773 2OO .5l;3 5l. 5
5O .0969 l.583 22O .588 62.8
60 . 129 2.7l 2l/O .63l 75.0
.67l 88.
li.
70 .162 17 26O
O
8O 195 5.95 28O .709 101.8

.
90 228 8.O7 3OO .7l;5 ll6.l.

.
VIII–L-1
§
3.
H.
I N 2
<ſ
LL]
t Sº
202 # 3
O
Q -> r,
Li c
O
Lil
Cl
4-
C -9
Oſ)
(NJ (NJ
9
—e CO (O Sf
st 3 3
C Q 3
O 3
o o o
x. uſ / sainoſ
a
(40)
9 g g
‘lväH
g
91.4103ds
g g
:
VIII–L–2
SPECIFIC HEAT and ENTHALPY of WITREOUS SILICA
(Silica Glass, Quartz Glass)
Sources of Data:
(,)
Simon, F., Ann. Physik 58, 241-80 (1922)
Simon, F. and Lange, F., physik. 38, 227-36
Z.
(1926)
Westrum, E. F., data reproduced in Lord, and Morrow,
C.
R.
C., Phys. 26, 230 (1957)
J.
J.
Chem.
Other References:
Nernst, W. Sitzber. kgl. preuss. Akad. Wiss. 306 (1911)
,
,
Temp. Temp.
*
Cp
H. H.
-
°K j/gm-°K J/gm °K J/gm-“K J/gm
lO O.OOl;5 O. Oll LOO O.268 ll. 57

15 .01.26 O.O52 l2O .33l l". 56
.02kl; ll.0 2l.
O.
2O ll:3 .391 77
25 .0379 0.299 l6O lil,6 33.ll.
...
l8O l;2.6
O.
30 .0519 521, ..l.97

l:0 .O8O8 l. 186 2OO .5ll, 53.0
50 •lll, 2. l; 22O .588 61.3
.lkl lil 76.5
3.
6O 21:0 .629
70 ..l72 .97 260 668 89.5
l;
8O .2Ol; 6.85 28O .7Ol; lC3.2

90 .236 9.05 300 .738 ll 7.6
VIII–M-1
6
O.
SPECIFIC HEAT
Of VITREOUS SILI
-
(IO* 3OO K)
O.O
24.
O.
O
6
iO
| 2
.O
.OO6
.OO4
| O
2O 3O 4O 6O 8O |OO 2OO 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
2.
TTTTTTTTIII TTTTTTTT| || I
| | | | | ||
—
=
— –
— PIOT'
– –
- E
– T]-10-2
- – .
– )
– 7
lo' ă
ſº E.
gºmºsºm.
: I
T —l - ?
F-
—
Pºmºmº I–HIO*: &
Oſ)
T –
T To
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | |
| |Ol | O2 |O3
Temperature, *K
SPECIFIC HEAT OF UNFILLED EPOXY RESINS
VIII-N-1
Al
8 OO T-T-TTTTTTTT || T-I-T-TTTTTTTT I I
6O O
4 OO
2OO
Z
ºm *
|O O
:
3 :
2O
-
| O
| . EPON 828
GLASSFIBER 55991,
HTS FINISH
NOM. DENSITY = 1.83 gem";
: GLASSFILL O.636 VOL.
Fº *
O.5
O.4
O.3
O.2
º *
O. :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 3 4 5 |O 2O |OO 200 3OO

Temperature , K
SPECIFIC HEAT VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR

GLASSFIBER REINFORCED EPOX|ES
VIII-N-2
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of ARALDITE
(TYPE I)
Source of Data :
Parkinson, D. H. and Quarrington, J. E., Brit. J. Appl.

Phys. 5, 219–20 (1951)
Comments :
Sample prepared according to manufacturer's directions.
Temp. Cp H
*K J/gn—"K J/gm.
l. 5 O.OOO O6 O.OOO Ol
2 .OOO 21, .OOO O3
3 .OOO 89 .OOO 60
l;
.OO2 25 .OO2 lo
6 .OO8 2 .0ll 7
8 .016 9 .036 7
lO .027 2 .080 7
15 .05l. 2 .284
2O .081 l .623
RJC/JJG Issued: 12-18-59
VIII-N-3. 1
X.,
Áq
u
/ 6
OL-logas Lv3H "(ºo) noſ sal Kid!}|nu) onIda (ç_OI
<?(\ ]«- »OOOO3

¤ --> OOOQ<r.ÇNJ Q<r.ÇNJ==
QN)
ſº
CNI
<?
rº)
<r.
O
O<ſ
(/)CC
VIII-N-3.
Q-<ſ
TEMPERATURE,
2 |–1
S2Lu
TEMPERATURE, *k
*R
Q_)a5©
Li-H
*=
u
º
}=QO
JE>=
Li
]Cl
<ſLJS2
2
¥
£
(N)H-€
O•
ÇNJ
O
(O<?C\ æ•OOOOOO |
O2
CO<r.ÇNJ-QO<
2O
O
ºn
ql
Kº
/n
&&
OIB10Bas Lv3H '(do) lg Kid!\lnu) 10^ (c Ol

(
H1NE "Ad-Tv uuô/sæ|noſ KİdųInuu) ºnIDA Kq ç-OI
...
.O
O <r.CN]� <r.Oo
.O2
| OO
4OO
2OO
| 4 <tCN OOO<r.CN]£
| <ſ 0 < –1 C)
LJ
ENT HALPY
>=©_
| iu
VIII-N-3.
3
TEMPERATURE, "K
TEMPERATURE,”R
CNJ
Ol
O4
O2
4O
Q<r.CNJ�■■>.■OOO
<tCN
|OO
2OO
Kq
'AdTvALNE lg qI/ įInuu) ÁIdį enIDA (ç-OI

SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of NIOBIUM
;,”
Source of Data:
l958
White, P. and Johnston, H. L., Phys. Rev. 109, 788-796
Other References:
A.,
and Boorse, A., Phys. Rev. 86, 134 (1952)
M.
Brown, Zemansky,
H.
W.
Richards, Jackson, G., physik. TO, lll:
T.
F.
Z.
W.
and Chem. (1910)
Comments:
The data of Chou, White and Johnston cover the range, l.5° to 30°K
while the compilation Kelley (1919) gives best values for room
of
temperature and above. Between 30° and room temperature no modern

experimental data are to be found. The values in this region given
here are estimates. While the accuracy at to 30° and at 300°K
is
2
order 1%, the estimated values between 30° and 300°K are more un
of
by
in
be
the region lo”
in
certain and may error
as
as
to
much 10%
lOO "K.
emp. Joules/gram-"K joules/gram J/gm-“K J/g,

Cp
Cp
Temp:
H
H
|
°K Normal Supercond. Normal Supercond. “K Normal Normal
.09 x10−3 .0l. xlo-3 lºT 2.76

l
6O ...
.Olj x1O-3| .l7 xlo-3| ..lj2 .2
70
..l.9 .005
2
l,
" "
" "
.28 .088 liO .Ol;9 8O ..l73 5.8

...
"
l, 3
ºf "
ºt
l;O .27 .73 .22 90 7.6
"
.
.189
"
.56 .56 |l.2O .62 loo .2O2 9.6

"
6 5
" " "
" " " "
;
" "
.77 .98 |l. 86 l3.8

l.
38 l.2O .221
" " "
;
l.O2
l, l. |2.75 2.6 Llſo .231. l8.3
8 7
|
" "
2.3
º
|3.93 160
l;
.5
.213 23.
l,
||
l
l.T Q?
3.2 |5.5 7.2 18O .21:9 28.0
9
||
"
"
"
!" $1
lO 2.2
lj .0055
7.
.026
2OO
22O
.25l.
.258
33.l
38.2
2O Oll3 .066 2l;0 .26l l;3.
H
.
25 .O2l .ll.j 26O .26; l,8.6

30 .035 .28 28O .266 53.9
l:0 .O68 .8O 300 .268 59.2
l.
50 .099 63
wº Issued: 10–21.59
VIII–0–1.
1
».
H
KQ
103,3s 01.3 Ivº "(ºo) u.5/sainoſ KidųInu) ºnIda (401
.O
OOOOOOQ
O2
i
•CO<r.rn(NĮ•QO<r.
(/)
Cl
~º O
Li
]
*** 4.-
O
C_X
|
E|
C2
3
$
Q
2
< -> JE
>
u
J
~
<C
}==
VIII–0–1.
2
TEMPERATURE,
"K
|8
O OOO.O.OO
O6
O.3
O.4
OO3
QN-vo<r.rr)CN]•
.OO4
OO6
(
H
de
)
KQ
oi
01.4103&s Ivº '(ºo) nie ql/ Kıdışınu ºnida

SPECIFIC HEAT, (Cp), BTU/lb "K
<! N
(W) gº O O
O O O O g
§
3
3
3.
§ |
iI
8
3.
3
3
3
Ş
3
3
9
§
§
o
<! . (NJ
Š o O O O
§ §
× cub/sonoſ (“o) lyaH olaloads
VIII–0–1. 3
ºg
(s
OI
'AanvH1N3 seinoſ uuð/ Kıdışınu) ønıda
ſo OOOO
O2
I
<r.CN==<r. <?(N ;©
/?$
Scy
ſºſ
J//
9/y
VIII–0–1.
TEMPERATURE,
4
*K
(19
T EMPERATURE, *R
|O
|O
ENT HALP
K
of NIO BIUM
) Y
|O
18
|O (NJ•OOCOO
OO
|
4 --><r.(N -<r.CN]
ºn
ql
/n
q
10
Á
a
a
HLN TV ‘Ad La ſinuu) Ald! (ç_OI

W31ø 3d Ivº Bºn Boº
2
O
ț»OºO 9O 8O |O OO!»OOº.OO 2O
O2
O
ț»
|O
2
O
|
�O
°
TVH1N3| Åd 240
-ț»
|8 f\
O
IN |W uU
2•-2
X
-o
o
OI) OOº Ē(
uff/Soſnoſ
<ſ
tº
O| –)
O.
>=
zo
VIII–0–1.
O
OţO
5
|P
I’O ~
"Ad TVH1N3
·2O �~~~~
-º
t»
O'l'O
zo
O'
-t»
|
Oſ
ZO
Oſ
OO|
�»
|
£
OzO ț»O OOº.OOZOO|O8O9O
º
W3L dBd Bºniv >ło

L I
TT|T|| || || I ITTTTTTIII TTTTTTTT =
Eº ameQ
º …• * –*º
— A4"
ſºme
As -
smºs —
A.
|O2
- O
/ T
-
lºgº
—
ºmºsºme
ſºme
Mºmº
–
tºº.
O
|O
–k- T
—
O *
==
*l
º
ºss
f —
—
= *
O —
*=
s' —
ºms Q mm.
O
O
O
|O
–H. Q
3.
&
-–
gºme sº
*
O
|- ()
— ?
E
}*s
/ —
f
*m.
gººms.
d *
/
O
–H. 0
I E
I
O *=
l sm
–
}* ammº
0.
ºmº O
|
|
—
jº O
|O
2
| *
| | | || |O
| | | | | | | | | | |
|OO
| | | | | |
4 OO
| | |
Temperature, *K
SPECIFIC HEAT VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR NB 51 Ti 49
VIII–0–2
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of TITANIUM
Sources of Data :
Aven, M. H., Craig, R. S., Waite, T. R. and Wallace, W. E.,

Phys. Rev. 102, 1263 (1956)
;”
Kothen, C. W. and Johnston, H. L., Am. Chem. Soc. 75,
cº- 31Ol - J.
(1953)
N. M., Conf. de Physique des Basses Teººperatures, Paris
1955
Other References :
Estermann, I., Friedberg, S. A. and Gold:can, J. E., Phys. Rev.

à,
332
(1953)
Kelley, K., Ind. Eng.
K.
Chem. 36, 865 (19b];)
Table of Selected Velues
Temp.
Cp
Temp. Cp
H
H
°K J/gm-*K J/gn °K J/g-"K J/g,
O.OOO O7] 70
|
l
O.OOO O35 O.189 l; .27

.OOO ll:6 .OOO 1113 8O .230 6.37
2
.OOO 226 .OOO 329 90 .267 8.86

3
ll.69
8 6 l,
.OOO 317 .OOO 599 lOO 3OO

.
l8.2i;
l;5
.OOO 5l. .OOl l2O 352

•
.OOO 81, .OO2 81 ll;0 .39l 25.69

lO .OOl 26 .OOl; 89 l60 .l;22 33.8l;
|
15 .003 ..Ol; l8O ..lil;6 l;2.5l.

6
O 3
2O .OO7 .Ol;0 200 ...h65 51.66
25 .013 .090 22O l;8O 6l.ll

l;
30 .O21, 182 2l;O

.l.93 70.8;
5
l;O .057 .58l 260 .5Ol; 8O.82

l
.5ll,
l.
50 .099 358 28O 91.Ol

7 2
6O ..ll;6 2. 592 3OO .522 101.39

||
RJC lssued: 2-lé-59

l
VIII–0–3.
1
TEMPERATURE, * R
|8
2.O
O. 4
SPECI FI C I LJ <ſ H O.3
of H H <ſ2 =2 >
(
( O
ç
|K
O
!A
ç_O
O CN
O oo q
q
|d|
Á
|d|
Á
|
4
|n
nuu)
uu)
\{
a,
!/
q
X.,
u
/
co<r.
6 n
OO
|
S
3 1
g
n
‘(d
OO
CO
oſ
‘(
d )
O
L
ÇO
v
O)
O
L B
w H
3
roCN]
H
Od
|B
3)
|B
O |O
|D O
<r.
B
d
3 S
d.
S
.O3
O,
.O2
O
8
|O
AT E,
K
o
M
R
U
P
T
R
E
E
VIII–O –33,
2
SPECIFIC HEAT (Cp), BTU/lb “R (multiply by IO")
O o <! CN. — O <r {\} - O 3
4- O C) O O 3
ºr)
O
O
Qr O
O
(\]
C.
3
C
O
(N
8
O
QC.
§:
O
...
Q
8
i
O
CO
O
<!
O
O
O
fr)
H.
9
tº
5
L1ſ +- C
II 2. (NJ
‘
e
E
u-
:
C)
LLI
0.
(/)
C
(N
C
C Uſ: (N * CC, <r (NJ _ -
*
st (N — <!.
O O © C, O C O Q O O O O
O O O
O
ut/ noſ oads

on
So
>e ‘(*2) wa
H
3
1
I
VIII-0-3.
3
ÇÃO
|Q £
~~
}=
>^
|
~)
O.
~
UJ
|
–)
2
O O 1
|
O Oſ
OOº.OO2OO|O8ſ
8 X
•
•
’
OOț»OOÇOOZOO
‘3
&
n
n.L 38
1
w
8 J3
v
d.
Bd
W
W31
31
(X
|Ö8O9O
i}^N
(|
OSOț»OºO
/\ o
t>
d O
Ti N O 2
V V £
H
L 1
|-
L
·O
£
N o
3 } O
0
1
)
O2
O - |
O
!
OO
div H1N3
6/
no
“A
u
a
s
VIII–0–3.
4
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of CARBOR (GRAPHITE)
Sources of Data:
Keesom, P. H. and Pearlman, N.; Phys. Rev. 99, lll:9-21, (1955)

De Sorbo, W. and Tyler, W., J.
Chem. Phys. 21, 1660-3 (1953)
Other References:
Bergenlid, V. , Hill, R. W., Webb, F. J. and Wilks, J., Phil. Mag.
* , -
H5, 85l-l. (1954)
Dever, J.,
Proc. Foy. Soc. (London) A76, 325 (1901)
Ewald, R., Ann. phys. (k) 1213 (1911)
Jacobs, C. J. and Parks, G. S., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56, 1513 (1931.)
Koref, F., Ann. Phys. (li) 36, h9 (1911)
Richards, T. W. and
-
Jackson, F. G., Z. physik.
-
Chem. TO, lill (1910)
-
Comments:
For O 3 T 3 2 °K
= l62 (T/391)? + 2.6 x lo-6 T j/gm-“K
°p
Temp. H Temp. - H
Cp °p
°K 3/gº-'k | }/gm || “K 3/sn-ºk 3/s:
l .OOO OO5 .OOO OO2 TO .oT7 l. 87
2.7l,
2 .OOO O27 .OOO Ol6 8O .097
3 .OOO O70 .OOO O62 90 .ll.8 3.8l
l, .OOO lll: .OOO l68 LOO .ll.0 5. 10
6 .OOO 33 .000 6l l2O .188 8.37
8 .OOO 6l. .OOl 56 ll.0 .2l;0 l2.65
lO .OOl ll, .003 3 l60 .296 l8.0
l; .003 3 . Oll; 2 l8O .355 2l;.5
lill, 32.2
...
2O .OO6 3 .038 2OO
25 ..Old .O79 22O l;71, ll.l

3
30 Olj .ll.3 2lQ .535 5l.

2
5
.
l;0 .O27 .36 260 .595 62.5

.Ol;2 70 28O .656 75.0
50
l, 2O
.
6O .O58 3OO 716 88.7

.
KJC/JJGTIssued; i3-ić;
T
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VIII-P–2
TEMPERATURE,
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TEMPERATURE,
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- 455 - 450 – 425 – 4 OO
|OO
| | | |
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T
Li
T
B
is:
in
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|
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40
| - -
Temperature , K
ECIFIC HEAT VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR TYPE 31 OS STAINLESS STEEL
VIII-Q-5
Temperature, F
-450 – 4 OO -300 -200-100 32
| | | T |
/|
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/
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z = |OOO
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|OO 3OO
Temperature, K
ECIFIC HEAT VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR TYPE 3 10s STAINLESS STEEL
VIII-Q-7
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of BERYLLIUM
Source of Data ;
Hill, R. W. and Smith, P. L., Phil. Mag. bk, 636-4" (1953)
Other Reference 8 :
cristescu, s. and Simon, F., Z. physik. Chem. B25, 273 (1934)
Kelley, K. K., U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. No. 476 (1949)
J., 3,
(2)
Lewis, E. Phys. Rev. 1575 (1929)
M., physik.
F.
Simon, and Ruhemann, Chem. 129, 321 (1927)
Z.
Comments
:
For the temperature range from specific heat

O"
20°K, the
to
follows the equation:
Cp
3
tº
º
10°t j/gm-"K
cº
(2.5.0.h) 215.7
(mºs)
x
-

Cp
Temp. Temp.
w
Gr
H
B
°K j/gri-‘K j/gm °K j/gm-*K J/gm
O.OOO O25 O.OOO Ols 70 O.O562 O.97l

l
||
.OOO O5l .OOO O51 8O .0906 l.69

l, 3 2
.OOO O79 .OOO 116 90 .139 2.82

.OOO 109 .OOO 209 lOO .l.99 .5l
l;
.OOO l8O .OOO l;96 l2O .3k.5 9.87

6
.OOO 271 9ll; ll;0 .525 18.5

8
.OOO
LO .OOO 389 .OOl 60 l60 .723 3l.0
18O l;7.l.
57
l.ll
15 .000 81.2 .oOl: .921
|
2O .OOl 6l ..Old 2OO 67.8

5
25 .OO2 79 .O2l 22O l. 29 91.8

2
l.l7
30
2lQ
50
.OOl; .039 l2O

2
l,O .009 96 .109 260 l.6l, lSl

50 .019 .253 28O l.8l 185
2
60 .03; .523 3OO l.97 223

l
RJC/JJG Issued: 10-13-59
VIII-R-1
TEMPERATURE, • R.
8 |O |8
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SPECIFIC HEAT
01.4103&s
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BERYLLIUM
S (1* IO* K)
·
-
<r.
O
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O.2
|O
TEMPERATURE,
K
*
VIII-R-2
SPECIFIC HEAT, (Cp), BTU "R
Ib
/
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Tx
J §A
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of (white
102, 662 (1953)

Kee SCC. W. and Van den Ende, N., Proc. Acad. Sci.
H.
J.
ll.3 (lg32)
Lange, F. , Z. physik. Chem. llo, 343 (1921.)
Rodeoush, W. H., J. Ar. Cheſ. Soc. Its, lll:3 (1923)
Other Reference S :
ry
Brönsted, J. N., Z. physik.
Chem. 83, l;79 (1911.)
Keeson, W. and Kok, J. A. , Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 35,
(l
ºs--- 71.3 932)
Keeson, W. and Van Laer, P. H., Physica 3, 37l (1936)
Keeson, W. and Van Laer, P. H., Physica
5, II,
l,87 (1937)
Keeson, W. and Van Leer, H., Physica
:
P.
193 (1938)
Ramanathan K. and Srinivasan, M., Phil. Mag. lić,
G.
T. 338 (1955)
Richards, Jackson, G., physik. To,
T.
Z. lili,
W.
R.
and Chem. (1910)

Schizitz, E., Proc.
l’ſ
Roy. (London) 72,
H.
Soc. (1903)
7
of
Table Selected values
j/E-‘K j/gn
H,
j/E-‘K
sº- Teip.
Cp, Cp,
---------|-
Normal super-
Super-"
Sup:
Normal e °K Norººl
conducting conducting
-
O.OOO Ol"O O.OOO OOl;l O.OOO OO79 0.000 OOO9 60 O. ll:8

||
||
||
.OOO Ol;7 .OOO Ol;3 .OOO O333 .OOO O228 70 .162

||
.OOO 109 .OOO lºl .OOO ll3 .OOO ll6 8O 173

.
.OOO 198 .OOO 285 OOO 22] .OOO 270 90 .162

.
.OOO 245 .OOO 283 LOO 189

51;
.COO .OOO 65 l2O ..l.93
.OOl 27 .OO] 5l. ll.O .2Ol;

.OO6 l60 .2O3
8
.OOl.
l2
.OO3
;
Ol.9 18O 212

O
.
.022 .093 .2ll;

6
2OO
Ol;O
.25l. 22C) .216
.
O58 .l.98 24O .213

.
.076 .831; 26O 220

.
106 l.T 23O 22]

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.
130 2.93 3CO .222

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|
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TEMPERATURE, * R
4 6 8
SPECIFIC HEAT
(,
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)
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3
TEMPERATURE, *K
VIII-S-2
SPECIFIC HEAT, (Cp), BT ibº
R
/
O
OO O
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O
C)
3OO
4OO
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TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE,
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VIII–S–3
TEMPERATURE, *R
3 4. 6 8 |O
2O
ENTHALPY
of T|N
(19 - 100 K)
i O4
O.2
i O.I
NORMAL SUPER CONDUCT NG

O4
i O2 i
O !
.OO 4
.OO 2
.OO |
2 3 4.
T E MPERATURE, *K
VIII-S-4
ENTHALPY, BTU / Ib
ZO
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TEMPERATURE, * R
2 3 4 6 8 |O
O6
O.4
SPECIFIC HEAT
of LEAD
| (I• - 10°k )
O.2
O6
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T
9
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TEMPERATURE, *K
VIII-T-1
SPECIFIC HEAT (q.),
g BTU/lb "RUſ)
§ O
<! fºr)
C
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VIII-T-2
TEMPERATURE, •R
2 3 4. 6 8 |O
2OO
| OO
ENT HAL PY Of LEAD
(1° - Io e K) 6O
40
2O
O
2
Oſb
NORMAL SU P E R CON DUCT | NG 24

O4
; O2
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O. |
O.4
i
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O.2
.O4
JO2
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O4
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.OO4
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| 2 3 4 6
TEMPERATURE, •K
VIII-T-3
ENTHALPY, BTU/lb
9
<!
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2Oſ
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VIII-T-4
IX - THERMAL EXPANSIVITY OF SOLIDS
CONTENTS
Introduction
Aluminum
Beryllium
Beryllium Copper
Brass (Yellow )
Constan tan
Copper
Glas S
l. Crown C-l
2 . Borosilicate Crown BSC-l
3 BSC-2
4 . Light Bar ium LBC- 2
Crown
5. Dense Barium Crown DBC-l
6 DBC – 3
7 Dense Flint DF-2

8 . Extra Dense Flint EDF-3
9. Bar ium Flint BF-l
10. Crown Flint CF-l
ll. Eastman Kodak No.
l2. Eastman Kodak No. 32
l3. Eastman Kodak No. 33
l 4. Eastman Kodak No. 45

15. Pyrex
16. Silica -
17. Glass and Copper

In C One l
Indium
In Var
I r On
Lead
Magnesium
MO nel
Nickel
Niobium, Niobium-Titanium
IX—INDEX-1
Plastics
l. Araldite No. 501
2. Flurothene
3. Lucite
4. Nylon
5. Plexiglas
6. Polystyrene
7. Polythene
8 . Teflon
9. Kel-F , '
l(). Plastics and Copper
Platinum
Quartz
Silver
Soft Solder
. Stain less Steels .
l. AISI 304
2
|||
3 lC
3. ||
3 l6
4. |||
34.7
5
| 321
Steel SAE 1020, 9 Ni Steel

Tantalum
Tin (White)
Zinc
IX-INDEX-2
INTRODUCTION TO THERMAL EXPANSIVITY OF SOLIDS
Values of thermal expansion are given in the

form of
a) total fractional expansion, *293 ºr- PT ; and (b) by coefficient
L
dL 293
:
expansion . GT change per unit length per °K. For example
he total fractional expansion (or contraction) for copper for
temperature change from 293. 15 O K (20- O C) O-- .
to 50 K is .00321
1./in . , i.e., a bar will be .003 2.l inches shorter at 50°K per
lch of length than it was at 293. 15 °k. However, the co
fficient of expansion for copper at 50°K is .0000038 in./in.-‘’K,
e. it will expand (or contract) .0000038 inches per inch per
O
K temperature change from 50 K.
printed from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
January 9, 1967
IX—A-1
THERMAL EXPANSION OF ALUMINUM
Source of Data ; Altman, Rubin and Johnston l954 •
Other References: Ayres 1950, Bijl

and Pullan 1955, Buffington
and Latimer l926, Ebert l'928, Gibbons l'958,
Henning 1907, Hume–Rothery and Strawbridge
l947, Lindemann l9 ll, Nix and MacNair lº! l.
sº +293 - PT
# # tºº. *293 - "T
# #
‘’K
*293 per *293
‘’K
per
415 107* 120 343 x 10^* 1.46 10^*

x
o
×
0
||
|
|
|
LO 415 -.005 16°ll 140 312

|1
65
x
1
||
..
||
"
"
2O LS O2 160 277 1.79

4
||
||
''
"
"
.
"
4l O9 l80 240
| l. 90
4
O
||
3
"
"
"
40 413 22 200 20
| OO
2
l
||
"
"
"
50 410 38 220 60 2. O8
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ll l
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"
"
.
60 405 55 240 | 2. lº
8
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"
"
.
7O 399 74 260 75 2. 21
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"
"
"
.
80 39 91. 273 45 2. 25
||
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.
90 381 l. 2. 27
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7
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l. 22
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O
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3
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| IC
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C2
2
O
3
Of ALUMINUM
-30
|OO |5 25O
O
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O
5
O
O
2
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-B-2
a
1
1
1
uſ ad
D.
In
–
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|||||
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loula ul
-
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O
–
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Lºr
„ærſ
—
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2
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uu
L
un
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W
BEH1
O
įĶĮ
TV XE Vd NOIS’N HEA STIS HECHWEL LV EHn HO-, NIWTTW Wn OTTIV O-O

THERMAL EXPANSION OF BERYLLIUM
Sources of Data: Erfling 1939

Hidnert and Sweeney l927
Other References: Head and Laquer l952
Discussion: Anisotropic. The above values were cal

culated from the relation, Mean Value = 1/3
(l)+2/3 (-L ), where ( 11) and ( L ) signify the
the same property measured parallel and per
pendicular, respectively, to the trigonal
(Sb, Bi) or hexagonal (Be, Cd) axis.
º: º - PT
#
per
*g.
º - PT
# #
‘’K
293 K 293 per
0.
|131 107* 140 |119 10-3 .34 10-4

x
0
x
|
|
llll
11
20 13 0.001 16° 160 .47
||
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l
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|
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;
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.
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.
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TI
IX-C-2
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|50
Of
CC
TEMPERATURE,
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uJ
><
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0
?
BERYLLIUM
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C
2
25O
3OO
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<! №(o
O.[5
|,35
|.05
|.2O
UOO
O.90
LO
O. 3O
Tp
Áq
».
Jød ÁſdųInuu) ønıda (3_OI

-|
ºLP
THERMAL EXPANSION OF BERYLLIUM COPPER
Sources of Data ; Beenakker and Swenson l955
Other References:
Discussion: 2 Be, 0.3 Co, bal. Cu (BERYLCO 25).

Originally half-hagd, treated then he at
for 2 hours at 200 C. No observable
difference was found in the thermal
expansions for the two states of hardness.
-
Temp.
°k
L – L
T lL dB Temp.
°K
L - L
T l dB
|
#.‘293 per OK
d'T
#.293 L GT
- ~er 9K
–5
O 316 x lo 0. l40 23 l x lo
–5
l. 24 x 10
–5
lO || 316 " 0.004 x 10* || 160 | 206 l. 32 !I
20 316 |||
. OO 9
|||
180 179- |||
l. 38 |||
30 3 l6 |||
.05 ||
200 l61 !I
l .45 |1
40 315 ||
. 14
|||
220 l2l ||
l. 52 !I
50 | 313 " . 27
|||
240 90 " l. 60 |
60 309 |||
. 43 |1
260 57 | 1. 67 D
| 70 304 |||
. 65 |||
273 35 |||
l. 72 I
8O 296 |||
.84 ||
28O 23
| l. 74 ||
90 287 I
. 96 !I
293 O
!I
l. 79 |1
100 277 | l.04 | 3OO — lº !I

l. 81 ||
120 255 ||
l. lo ||
*aken from NBS 29
IX-D-1
34O |.7O
3OO |.5O
25O |, 25
2OO |.OO
|50 O.75 o
s
_J|H.
~5ITU
; #
|OO O.5C)
—|—||
5O THERMAL EXPANSION O.25
of BERYLLIUM COPPER
– 20
5O |OO |5O 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE , *K
IX-D-2
--
I
r
emperature,
–4
–
—
OO 30O –2OO OO
O.
32
|
|
T.
|
|
2^
2:
–O. 2.
~~
P’
J’
—O.2
;
LT
-
_LT
_L-T
O
4
|
8O |20 6O 2OO 24O 28O 32O
K
Temperature,
THERMAL EXPANSION VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR COPPER ALLOY 98 CU-2 BE

soo, ſo:
80O
7OO
6CO H---
5OO --- -- ----

---------- --- --- - ------------4-----
+- –
4 OO
— —--— — -—-—
...
——
.----- --- -----——l------------
—— +
1
3OO }--——
.
.
.
H, A,
[137]
[137]
ORIGINALLY THEN HEAT TREATE
Tº
/2
H
FOR 2 HR AT 392 °F (1088]

CONDITION UNKNOWN, [333, 768,
625, 627]
`s
-
A
Vº
`s
- --------------
----------
-
--
2
------ •-º----->
~~~~~
.
r
…
3OO
+
}
–
- ---- ---- - - - ---- - --

J
-
- -- --
}
-
-
-
--
200 |OO |OO 2OO 3CO OO sco
4
O
-
-
TEMPERATURE,
F
*
THERMAL EXPANSION OF BERYLCO” 25

%
THE BE FRYL.L.1UM, CORFORAT CN OF AM,'ER1CA
TX-D-4
THERMAL EXPANSION OF BRASS (YELLOW)
Sources of Data: Altman, Rubin, and Johnston l954
Other References: Beenakker and Swenson 1955

Fraser and Hollis-Hallet lºs 5
Henning l907
Keyston, MacPherson, and Guptill l959
Discussion: 65 Cu, 35 Zn.
ºp. +293 - PT
# # tºp. P293 - PT
# #
---
*293 per 9K *293 per ‘’K
O 384 x 107* | 0 140 269 x 10−9 |1.54 x 10-5
1O || 384 ° 0.001 x 10° || 160 |237 " l. 63 ''
20 383 " . 05
||
l80 204 '' l. 69 "
30 382 " . l8 |I
2OO | 169 '' l. T 4. ''
40 380 " . 37 | 220 | 134 " l. 78 "
50 375 " . 58 240 || 98.4 " l. 81. "
60 3.68 " . 76 ||
260 | 61.8 " L. 85 "
|||
70 360 " . 92 273 || 37.3 " 1. 87 "
80 350 " l.06

|||
280 | 24. 6 " L. 88 "
90 339 " l. 18 ||
293 L. 90
...
O
O
"
"
lOO 3.26 l. 29 | 300

1
l9
–
l 3
3
"
"
''
-
-
|
l2O 299 l. 44
"
Taken from NBS 29
IX-E-1
-ı_26z-ı
KĻdųInuu)l anĮDA (g_O|Áq
gez-ı
–2O
3OO
|OO
25O
5O
2OO
350
15O
390
5O
O
H
»
© ~~
|OO
lu
0 2
CO
CC >
<[ <ſ
C/> –1
(/)
LLI
|50
IX-E-2
><
>t
TEMPERATURE
C\
|Lu
, –1
ā
–1
O CO
•K
C
2
2OO
25O
3OO
----CD
|.75
ON;
|.25
|,50
|.95
O.5O
O.25
OU(T)
Tp
Áq
ÁIdųInuu) øn|DA (g_OI

LP
».,Jądº
600, 16%
5CO
(*- // Z
4 OO }
-
COND|T |ON UNKNOWN
2OO }… -- ! -----------4-----
|OO } – ---4---------- H -----—# -------------
§ 2^s. tº
J
- 200 F. --- - -- ----- - - --*
:.. .<--------> *
2T T-
| |-
-
-
T-------
-- - - -- - -e-. -,-,
- 3 OOH - ---------- ~~~~
2* ----------------------------
-- -------------~~~~~
*-**
--*:*~*---------~~~~~ .---------
~~~~$-------~~~.
=
------
..
--- - - ------ -----------|--------->
--... -----...-
--.
º CO X- --w .--*******
*-* --- *-**-*
**-** *-*-*-*
--* *-* -3.
*. ------
-~
*
**
**
--
--
--
*-
-
.
4
sº *--->
- ---.- -- - -º-º-º-º-º-º:
5OO
“
*:*
:*
*
*-
--
-
-
--
--
--
--
-
--
--
6GO --------
~** - - --- --- ------
-*
:*
*
*
gº ---– --- -- --...= ***-**-**.*...

}*
y.
...
*s
→
a
7CO
*
--
-
-
--
--
-
-:
º ,-------—------J
...
8CO ***-*-**
*-- -----
- $-----------
~~~~ --------------
$...
---...-
--------.§ ----------------
→
•
**
**
**
---
-
-
--
-
--
-
--
.
..
..
..
.
- ** * -ºº
ºmºsº. *-: *** ***
****-* . *
•
SC1) –!--...
•
*
*
**
*
- *
*
*
*-
-
sco sco
4,
460 CO -200 |OO 3CO OO

-
|OO 2OO
O
4
-
TEMPERATURE, *F
•
THERMAL, EXPANSION OF 70/30 BfNASS
IX-E-3
THERMAL, EXPANSION OF CONSTANTAN
Sources of Data ; Adyama and Ito l939

Krupkowski and dePiaas l928
Other References: Henning 1907

Krupkowski l929
Discussion: 50 Cu, 50 Ni. The name Constantan is

applied to binary alloys in the range,
60 to 45 Cu, 40 to 55 Ni. The most common
composition is 55 Cu, 45 Ni. The above ex
pansion data should represent all Constantan
within a few percent. Small expansion anoma
of magnetic origin occur in this system . Th
fegromagnetic Curie points rangg from about
0 K for 40% Ni to roughly 150 K for 55% Ni
º: º 293
T
#
per 9K
# *. º 293
PT
per
#
20 269 x 107* 180 148 x 107* | 1.21 × 107
60 258 " 0.46 × 10^* || 200 | 124 1 - 26 ''
70 253 " , 56 " 220 98 - 1 '' l. 30 "
80 24, 7 " .66 " 240 7] e8 " l. 33 "
90 240 " . 75 " 260 45 - O " 1 - 35 "
100 232 " , 83 " 273 27, 3 " l. 36 "
i.20 | 214 " , 96 " 280 17 - 8 " 1 - 37 ''
140 || || 94. " 1.06 293 1.37

...
O
O
"
"
"
1.60 1.72 l, lºſ. 300 l. 38

9
–
"
6
"
|
''
''
-
Taken from NBS 29
IX-F-1
27O |,35
25O |.25
2OO |.OO
(5_OI
Áq
(g-OIKq
en
|50
LO
da G
N
ÁſdųInu)
enĮDAÁIdųInuu)yļa,
1
|OO O,50
2 C`º …--
º
262-
uºd
ºLP
]
Li
źQ 1
><
LLI
TC
OL
>
<[
–1
(f)
H
2
0
5O O.25
Of CONSTANTAN
O
--_.
|O
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
--
TEMPERATURE,
K
o
IX-F-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF COPPER
Source of Data :
Rubin, T., Altman, H.W. and Johnston, H. L., J. Am. Chem • Soc. 76,
5289–93 (1954)
Other References:
Simmons, R.O. and Balluffi, R.W., Phys. Rev. loS, 278-80 (1957)
Beenakker, J.
J.M. and Swenson, C.A., Rev. Sci. Instr. 26 l2O4 (1955)
Bijl, D. and Pullan H. , Physica 21, 285 (1955)
Fraser, D. B. and Hollis-Hallet, A. C., Proc. 9th Intern . Congr.
Refrig. 1, 1065 (1955)
Nix, F.C. and MacNair, D., Phys. Rev. 60, 597–605 (1941)
Adyama, S. and Ito, T., Sci. Repts. Tohoku Univ. 27, 348-64 (lº 39)
Adenstedt, H., Ann. Physik 26, 69–96 (1936)
Simon, F. and Bergmann, R., Z. Physik Chem. 8, 255–80 (1930)
Krupkowski, A. and DeHaas, W. , Communs. Phys. Lab . Univ. J.
Leiden l94b (1928)
Keesom, W.H., Van Agt, F. P.G. and Jansen, A.T. Proc. J.,
Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 29, 786–91 (1926)
Buffington, R.M. and Latimer, W.M., Am. Chem. Soc. 48 J.
2305–19 (1926) -
Borelius, G. and Johansson, C. H., Ann. Physik 75, 23–36 (1924)
Lindemann, C. L., Phys. Z. l.2, ll.97–99 (1911)
Henning, F. , Ann. Physik (4) 22, 631-39 (1907)
Dorsey, H. G., Phys. Rev. 25, 88–102 (1907)
Keyston, MacPherson and Gupstill (1959)
mp - L
293
– L
T l
L
di. Temp.
°k
L - L
T l
L
dI.
293 per
dº #.293 per
d;
K K
-5
O 3.26 x 10 O l2O | 260 x 10
--5
l. 20 x lo
–5
O 3.26 ||
0.004 x 10
–5
l40 || 235 |?
l. 32 ||
O 3.26 §{ , 0.3 $8
l60 | 208 |||
l. 4l i
O 3 25
§{
• 10
1
l80 l79 §
l. 47 ||||
O 3.24 11 • 23
||
200 || 149 iſ$
l. 52 |||
O 3.21 !I
• 38 11 220 ll8 §{ l, 56 |||
O 3 l6 !I
, 55 §{
240 87 §j
l. 59 |||
O 3 l O . TO
|
260 55 I
l. 62 |1
O 3O 2
I
.84 ||
273 33 |1
l. 64 I
O 293
, I
, 95 ||
280 22 †: l, 65 |1
O 283 |||
| l . O5 |1
293 l, 67 i1
ll
O
|? 1I
300 — - 1 - 68
en from NBS 29
IX—G-1
34O | 70
3OO | 50
25O |.25
(o (
!
o
OO
|
2
g_O|Á
q
– |DA
----–-
a
----
Kq
n
anſ
da
|d|
Á
|
O№
C)C
LO
|50
ÁId
)
!!!nu
nuu)»,
uad‘
|OO O,50
T=T
çez
19
=ī5T
sz+
TT
O.25
O
5
] ]
<!C
C/O
Q
><
Li Li
<ſ
>
–1
Cr
IC
H
Cl
Of COPPER
–2O
50 2OO 25O 3OO
|5
|OO
O
TEMPERATURE ,°K
IX-G-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF CROWN C-1 GLASS
Sources of Data: Molby l949.
Other References: Dorsey 1907.
Discussion: Bausch and Lomb Co. designation.

Composition was not given.
Tâmp.
R
P293 - PT ||Tâmp.
K
1293 - PT
L L
293 293
-5 –5
80 | 134 x 10 220 || 55 x 10
90 || 130 " 240 || 4 l "
100 l26 " 260 || 26 "
l2O ll 6 '' 273 || 16 "
14 O | 105 " 280 | LO "
l60 95 " 293 O "
l80 82 " 3OO || -- 6 "
2O O 69 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-1. 1
|35
|25
|OO
75
|
5O
; #
25
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of OPTICAL GLASS
CROWN
C-1 (BAUSCH & LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
50 |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO

TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—H-1. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS BSC-l
Sources of Data: Molby 1949.
Other References: Dorsey l907.

º: *293 -
*293
"T
º: *293 -
*293
PT
80 133 x 107* || 220 53 x 10 Tº
90 l 28 240 39
'''
" ||
lOO 124 260 25
"
''
|
l2O ll 273 15
4
||
"
"
l40 LO4 280 10

"
"
|
l60 92 293
0
||
"
"
18O 80 300
–
6
||
"
"
200 67
"
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-2.
1
|35
|25
|OO
75
5O
f#
25
THERMAL EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
BOROSILICATE CROWN
BSC-I (BAUSCH 8 LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO

TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—H-2. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL, GLASS BSC-2

L
–
t- tº
"3"|P:
K
º
P293 - PT ||"E.P.
©
P293 - PT
L K |
293 293
80 ll 2 x 10
–5
220 45 x 10
-5
90 109 " 240 33 "
100 105 " 260 2l "
l2O 97 " 273 13 "
l40 88 " 280 8 "
l60 77 m 293 O "
l80 66 " 3OO –5 "
200 57 m
Taken from NBS 29
IX-H-3.1
||5
|OO
75
5O
; #
25
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of OPTICAL GLASS
BOROSILICATE CROWN
BSC-2 (BAUSCH & LOMB Co., DESIGNATION)
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—H-3. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL, GLASS LBC- 2
Other References: Dorsey 1907.

*. *293
*293
- "T
*. *293
*293
- "T
80 137 x 107* || 220 54 x 10^*
90 132 " 240 40 "
100 128 " 260 25 "
l20 117 " 273 15 "
lAO 106 " 280 10 ”
l60 95 " 293 O "
l80 82 " 300 –5 "
200 68 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-4. 1
|40
|25
|OO
75
|
5O
; #
25 THERMAL EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
LIGHT BARIUM CROWN
LBC-2 (BAUSCH 8 LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
|OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—H-4. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS DBC-l

Tâmp.
K
P293 - *T Tamp.
K
*293 - PT
L L
293 293
so | 110 × 10^* | 220 || 44 x 10–9

90 107 " 240 || 33 "
100 | 104 " 260 21 ''
l2O 95 " 273 || 13 "
l40 87 " 280 8 "
l60 77 m 293 O "
180 67 " 300 –5 "
200 56 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX–H–5. 1
|||O
|OO
75
50
|
; #
25
THERMAL EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
DENSE BARIUM CROWN
DBC-I (BAUSCH 8 LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, 2K
IX—H-5. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS DBC-3
Other Reference S : Dorsey l907.

Tâmp.
K
P293 - PT || TºmP: P293
K
- PT
L L
293 293
–5 –5
80 lO5 x 10 220 || 42 x lo
90 | 101. " 240 || 3 | "
l OO 98 " 26O 20 "
120 90 " 273 || 12 "
l40 82 " 280. 8 "
l60 73 " 293 O "
180 63 " 300 | –4 "
200 53 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-6. 1
|||O
|OO
75
|
5O
;;
25
THERMAL EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
DENSE BARIUM CROWN
DBC-3 (BAUSCH & LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
TEMPERATURE, "K
IX—H-6. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS DF2
Other References: Dorsey loo7.

Composition was not given .
tºp. *293
*293
- PT
º: *293 -
*293
PT
80 | 136 × 107* || 220 52 x 107*

90 | 131 " 240 38 ''
LOO | 126 " 260 || 24 "
120 115 " 273 || 15 "
l40 l04 " 280

||
L60 92 '' 293 O "
18O || 79 " 3 OO | –5 "
200 | 66 ''
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-7. 1
|40
| 25
|OO
| 75
; #
5O
Of OPTICAL GLASS
DENSE FLINT
DF2 (BAUSCH 8 LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—H-7. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS EDF-3
Sources of Data : Molby lo/9
Other References: Dorsey l907

TºmP.
K
P293 - PT ||Tâmp.
K
P293 - PT
L L
293 293
–5 –5
80 | 139 x 10 220 | 53 x 10
90 l35 " 24O || 39 ''
LOO || 130 " 260 25 "
12 O ll 8 '' 273 || 15 "
140 l06 " 280 | LO "
160 94 " 293 O "
180 || 8 l " 3OO | –5 "
2OO || 67 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-8. 1
|40
|25
|OO
75
|
5O
; #
of OPTICAL GLASS
EXTRA DENSE FLINT
EDF-3 (BAUSCH 8 LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO

TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—H-8. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS BF-l


L – L L – L
Temp. 293 T Temp. 29.3 T
°K L °K L
293 293
–5 —5
8O l42 x 10 220 56 x 10
90 137 |1
240 4l ||
100 l33 | 260 26
l2O l22 |||

273 l6 !I
l40 lll | 280 10

|||
| |
l60 98 293 O
|| |||
18O 85 300 –5
||
200 71
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-9. 1
|60
|25
|OO
75
| 5O
†
#
—l
25
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of OPTICAL GLASS
BARIUM FLINT
BF-1 (BAUSCH & LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
–2O
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—H-9. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS CF-l

tºp.
º -
293
PT
º: º -
293
PT
80 |llo x 10^* 220 44 x 107*
90 | 107 " 240 33 "
lOO | 104 " 260 21 "
l2O | 95 " 273 13 "
l4O | 87 " 280 . 8 "
l60 77 " 293 o "

180 || 67 " 3 OO –5 "
200 || 56 "
Taken from NBS 29
Ix-H-10.1
|||O
|OO
75
| 5O
#
*
25
THERMAL EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
CROWN FLINT
CF-1 (BAUSCH & LOMB Co., DESIGNATION.)
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO

TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—H-10. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS NO. ll
Sources of Data: Molby 1949
Discussion: Eastman Kodak Co. designation.

Temp. *293 - PT Temp. |*293 "T

°K L °k L
293 293
–5 –5
80 l00 x 10 220 42 x 10
90 97
|||
240 3 l ||
loo 94 " 260 20

||
l2O | 88 ||
273 l2 |
14 O | 80 | 28O 8
|||
160 | 72
I
293 O
|
l80 | 63
|||
300 –4
||
200 || 53
Taken from NBS 29
IX-H-11. 1
|||O
|OO
75
|
5O
; #
25
THERMAL EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
GLASS
No. 1 (EASTMAN KODAK CO., DESIGNATION)
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO

TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—H-11.2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS NO. 32

tºp. *293 -
*293
PT
º: *293 -
*293
PT
80 |102 x 107* 220 42 x 107*
90 99 " 240 3 l "
lOO 96 " 260 2O "
l2O 89 " 273 12 "
l40 81 " 280 || 8 "
l60 72 m
293 O "
18O 63 " 300 –4 "
200 53 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-12. I
|||O
|OO
75
| 5O
; #
25
THERMAL, EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
GLASS
NO. 32 (EASTMAN KODAK CO., DESIGNATION)
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO

TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-H-12.2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS NO 33

TÉ P.
K |
P293
– -
293
PT || Tºp:
K
I.293
L
-
293
IT
–5 –5
80 || 92 x 10 220 || 39 x 10
90 90 " 240 || 29 "
LOO 87 " 260 18 "
120 | 83 " 273 || 11 "
140 || 74 " 280 || 7 "
160 | 66 " 293 O "
l80 58 !I
300 –4 |
200 || 49 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-13. 1
|||O
|OO
75
5O
i #
25
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of OPTICAL GLASS
NO, 33
(EASTMAN KODAK CO, , DESIGNATION)
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—H-13. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS NO. 45

-
ºne.
K
*293 PT ºp.
K
*293
– PT
*293 *293
80 96 x 10^* 220 42 x 10"?

90 94 " 240 31 "
LOO || 9 || " 260 | 20 "
l2O 85 " 273 12 "
140 78 " 8 "

280
160 70 m 293 O "
l80 62 " 300 –4 "
200 52 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-14. 1
|||O
|OO
75
iº 5O
;;
25
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of OPTICAL GLASS
GLASS
No. 45 (EASTMAN KODAK CO., DESIGNATION)
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—H-14. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF PYREX
Sources of Data: Head and Laquer l952
Other References: Buffington and Latimer l926

Tool and Saunders l948
Winter-Klein l950
Discussion:
º
ºp. *293 - PT *293 - PT
*293 *293
o |54.7 x 107* || 180 |32.2 x 10"?

20 55.7 " 2OO 27 . 2 "
40 || 56 - 7 " 220 |21. 7 ''
60 || 56 - 2 " 24 O | 15 - 7 "
BO 53. 7 " 260 | 10. 2 "
100 || 50 - 2 " 273 || 6-2 "
120 || 46. 2 " 280 || 4 - 2 "
140 || 4 l. 7 " 293

...
|| O
O
"
160 37.2 300 2.

–
3
''
"
|
|
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-15.
1
66
6O
5O
4O
3O
*#
2O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of PYREX
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
THERMAL EXPANSION OF SILICA GLASS
Sources of Data: Keesom and Doborzynski l934

Scheel and Heuse l'914
Discussion: The thermal expansion of silica glass

(fused silica, vitreous silica) quartz
glass), though small, is variable from
sample to sample. The above values are
thought to be fairly representative of
average behavior. The temperature of
minimum length can vary from 180 to 230 K.
Variations from the above values as large
as 2x107* below 180°K and 50% from 180 to
300°K are possible -
Other References: Beattie et al. 194l

Dorsey lºC)7.
Head and Laquer lºS2, Henning l907, Scheel
1907, Scott lº 33, Sosman l927, Souder and
Hidnert lº26, Valentiner and Wallot l915.
º
L
293
- L
T
O L -
PT
L
293 293
–8 x 10-9 || 180 | 2.32 x 10-5

20 –6. 60 |
200 2. 36 !I
40 –4. 90 |
220 2. l8
60 –3.02 !|
240 l. 81 ||
8O -l. 4l ||
260 l. 26
lOO –0. l.2 ||
273 0.8l !I
l2O +O . 87 |||
28O 0.54 1
l40 l. 6l ||
293 0.0
l60 2. O8 ||
300 |-0 . 29 !I
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-16. 1
tº 2
|: - ,
4
; #
THERMAL EXPANSION
of SILICA GLASS
-
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—H-16.2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF INCONEL
Sources of Data: Altman, Rubin, and Johnston l952
Other References: Lucks and Deem l958
Discussion: 80 Ni, la Cr, 6 Fe.
tºp. *293 - "T

## tºp. *293 - PT
##
‘’K
*293 per 9K *293 per
.91 10"?
0.
229 107* 140 174 107*
x
x
x
o
|
|
LO 229 16O lS4 1. OO
"
"
"
20 229 0.003 16°|| 180 | 134 l.

x
O
7
"
"
|
"
3O 229 .03 200 112 l. 12
"
"
"
"
40 228 lo 220 89. l. 16

...
l.
"
"
"
"
50 227 19 240 65 l. 20
6
||
"
"
"
"
-
.
4l.
60
224 28 260 1.23

4
"
||
"
"
"
7O 22 38 273 25
1
25
"
2
||
l
"
-
"
"
-
.
80 217 48 280 16. l. 26

6.
"
"
"
"
90 2ll. 57 293 l. 29
O
''
"
"
"
-
.
LOO 205 65 300 30

...
1
9
O
"
–
"
"
-
"
-
|
|
120 19 79
...
l
"
"
|
Taken from NBST29
IX-I-1
23O |.38
225 |,35
2OO |.20
|75 |.O5
|50 O.90
|25 O,75
|OO O 6O
; #
75 O,45
= s
—|| —
5O O.30
THERMAL EXPANSION
25 Of INCONEL O, 5
— O, O6
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—I-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF INDIUM
Source of Data: Swenson l955.

Other References: Hidnert and Blair 1943.
Discussion: In the two investigations above, the ex
perimental methods and sample purities were
very similar. Yet the two points by Hidnert
tº
Blair, tº- L L d (L - L
and
(+273 º 95% 273 an
(
s3)/
are respéâtively 7% afid 4% less 2ZE a ſl
*273'
Swenson's corresponding points. Swenson's
data have been adopted solely because they
include more points over a wider temperature
range .
L º l, di.
-- L l
—H
Temp: P293- PT Temp.O L293 PT di.
L d; L dT
°K °K L
per
293 per K 293 OK
–5 -
–5 * –5
O 706 x 10 0. l2O 500 x 10 2.52 x 10
10 ||706 " o.2 x 107* l40 || 448 ||

2 . 63 "
|
2O 7 Ol
!!
O .. 7 l60 394 ||
2. 72
30 69 l | l. 3 |||
18O 339 2 . 79
40 |676 " l. 7 |||

200 282 | 2 . 86 "
50 658 !I
l.9l I
220 224 I
2.93 !I
60 638 | 2.04 | 240 l65 |1

3. Ol ||||
70 617 |||
2. lb ||
260 lC4 I
3. O 8
||| ||
8O 595 |||
2.24 ||
273 63 3. l.2
90 572 |||
2. 32 280 42 ||
3. lS
||
10 O 549 !.
2. 39
||||
293 O 3. 20
|1
300 –22 3. 22
Taken from WADD 60-56
IX-J-1
85 O 3, 4
8 OO 3.2
7 OO 2.8
6O O 2 4
:
500 2 O
|
4 OO 6
3OO
i #
2 OO O. 8
THERMAL EXPANSION
|OO
of IND|UM
-5 O
5 O |O O |5 O 2OO 25 O 3O O
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—J-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF INVAR
Sources of Data : Beenakker and Swenson l955
Other References: Chevenard l9 la

Gregg l954
Masumoto l934
Molby 1912
Scheel l92l
Discussion: The expansions of the Invar alloys are

sensitive to composition and he at treat
ment. The above data are for an alloy
believed to be 42 Ni, 0.8 Mn, bal. Fe,
annealed (Lloyd B. Nesbitt, Private
Communication). Although Beenakker and
Swenson referred to this as "Invar", this
composition approximates the alloy, Dumet,
used for sealing to glass. In the iron
nickel alloy system, the minimum value of
room temperature expansion coefficient
occurs at about 36% Ni .
tºp.
º
52
-
29.3
x 10"?
PT tºp.
º 29.3
- LT
O
l40 39 x 10^*
l0 52 !!
l60 34 |1
20 52 | || ||
18O 29
30 !I
52 20 O 23
40 52 | !I
220 18
50 §1
52 240 l4 ||
60 52 |||
260 8 . 6 ''
70 |||
51 273 5. 2 "
80 50 |1
28O 3.4 "
90 |||
49 293 O
lOO 47 ||
300 —l. 8 ''
l2O 43 |||
Taken from NBS 29

IX-K–1
56
5O
40
3O
;
2O
#
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of |NVAR
5O |OO |50 2OO 3OO

TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-K-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF IRON
Sources of Data: Ebert l928, Nix and MacNair l94l

Other References: Adenstedt l936, Dorsey l907, Simon and
-
Bergmann l930
Owen and Williams lºs4.
ºp.
º -
293
PT
##
perOK
º: º - 293
PT
#
per ‘’K
#
o 198 x 107* | 0 l40 156 × 10^*| 0.76 x 107*

2O | 198 " 0.01 x 10° || 160 l40 |1
O - 86 "
3O | 198 " 18O l22 .94

...
|
O
3
"
"
40 197 200 102 l. OO
...
||
O
7
"
"
"
196 13 220 82 l. O5
O
||
5
"
"
''
.
60 195 20 240 60 ||| l.
9
"
O
"
"
.
70 192 28 260 38 1.13

"
|
"
.
|
8O 189 35 273 23 l. la
|
"
"
|
"
.
90 185 42 28O 15 l. 15
"
"
.
49 l. 16
|||
100 181 293

O
"
"
.
"
|
12O 170 63 300 –8 | l. 17

"
"
.
Taken from NBS 29
IX-L-1
225 |.35
2OO |.2O
|75 |.O5
|50 O90
|25 O.75
| §:
|OO
; #
75
5O O,3O
THERMAL EXPANSION
25 O.15
Of IRON
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-L-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF LEAD
Sources of Data: Dheer and Surange l958, Ebert l928, Nix and
MacNair l942, Olsen and Rohrer 1957.
Other References: Dorsey l908, Gruneisen l910, Head and Laquer
l952, Lindemann l9 ll, McLennan, Allen and
Wilhelm lº 3 l .
Discussion: Superconducting lead has a slightly greater
volume and a slightly smaller expansion coeffi
cient than normal lead according to data by
Olsen and Rohrer covering the region from lo
to the transititon temperature, 7.2°K. For
example, the difference in expansion coeffi
cients at 5°K is about 10%.
of Selected Values
º
Table
tºp. - PT
# # tºp. *293 - PT
##
293 per OK *293 per OK
o 708 x 107* | 0 120 477 x 107* | 2.56 × 107°

||
5 708 " 0.03 x 10^*|| 140 425 2.63 "
|||
10 || 707 '' O - 32 '' L60 | 372 2 . 68 ''
2O || 7 OO " l. 1 !I
180 || 318 |||
2 . 72 "
3O | 686 " l. 7 |||

200 || 263
|1
2. 75 "
4O | 667 '' 2.0 |I

220 | 208 ||
2. 78 "
2.2 []
240 l52 | 82
50 | 646 " 2 . ''
|I
60 | 624. " 2.3 !I
260 96 2.85 "
70 | 60 l " 2.4 |||

273 58
||
2.88 ''
|
80 577 " 2.4 28O 38 !I
2.89 ''
|||
90 552 " 2.5 |||
293 O 2.9
28 2.5 | 300 – 20 2.9 ||
LOO || 5 " ||
Taken from NBS 29
IX-M-1
85O 3.4
8OO 3.2
7OO 2.8
6OO
(5_OI
(4_Oſ
5OO 2O ÁG
enĮDA
Áq
ønIda
Áļdų[nuu)
OO
4
KidųInu)
ył.,
3OO
uºdº
~] 1.
p P.
L-|-
| l.
262-
262-
oo
2OO
] 3
>.<
Li
Q
LLI
>
��~ <ſ
–1
(/)
|I
Cl
O,4
0
|OO
|
Lu
CD
<[
–1
O
—50
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-M-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF MAGNESIUM
Sources of Data ; Ebert 1928

Goens and Schmid l936
Head and Laquer l952
Other References: Gruneisen l9 lo

Hidnert and Sweeney lº28
Discussion: Anisotropic. The above values were

calculated from the relation, Mean Value =
l/3 ( || ) + 2/3 (–L), where ( || ) and (-L)
signify the same property measured parallel
and perpendicular, respectively, to the
hexagonal axis.
Temp.
°k
L. - L
T lL di. Temp.
°k
L - L
T l
du
L dT
#.293 per 9K
d'T
#.293
‘’K
per
–5 –5 –5
490 10 0. l40 356 10 l. 94 lo
x
0
x
||
||
lC) 490 0.005 10° 160 316 2. lo

x
||
||
"
"
"
|
2O 4.90 | .04 l80 273

||
22
||
2
-
30 489 lé 200 227

in
32
|
||
"
''
.
40 48 220 180 2. 39
§{
33
|
||
||
6
482 | 240 l32 |

57 2.44
O
||
5
|
.
| |
60 4.75 .8l 260 82.9 2.48
||
"
70 466 l. 03 273 2.5l

|||
tº
4
||
O
5
"
-
80 454 l. 22 28O 32 2.52 |

in
9
f:
||
90 44l l. 39 | 293 2.54

...
O
O
||
||
iſ
lOO 427 l. 54 3OO 2. 55

|}
|||
8
–
l7
||
''
.
l2O 393 l. 76
|||
||
Taken from NBS 29
IX-N-1
54O 2.7
500 2.5
4OO 2.O
3OO
|º
2OO |.O i
# s
; # —| —
|OO O,5
THERMAL EXPANSION
of MAGNESIUM
– 4O
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-N-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF MONEL
Sources of Data : Altman, Rubin, and Johnston l952
Other References: Ackerman l936

Aoyama and Ito l939
Fraser and Hollis-Hallet l'955
Krupkowski and de Haas lº28
Discussion: 67 Ni, 30 Cu, l. 5 Fe, "cold-rolled".
º
tºp.
º -
293
PT
per
# K
º: 293
- PT
#
per K
O 251 x 107* | 0. 140 | 187 x 107* | 0.99 x 10"?

10 || 25l. " 0.003 x 107*|| 160 | 167 " l. O8 ''
20 25l. !!
.02 ||
18O l44 I
l. lº ||
30 251 ||
.06 ||
200 l2l ||
l. 20 |||
40 250 ||
. 14
||
220 96.4 " l. 25 ||
50 248 |||
. 23 ||
240 70.9 " l. 29 ||
60 245 !{
. 34 I
260 44 . 7 '' l. 33
70 244 ||
.46 ||
273 27. 1 " l. 35 !I
80 236
j}
. 57 ||
28O l5. 1 '' l. 36 |
90 230 | . 67 ||
293 l. 38
...
O
|
O
"
lOO 223 l. 39
||
75 300
1
|
||
|
–
9
7
.
''
-
l2O 206 89
|||
||
.
Taken from NBS 29
IX-0–1
28O |,40
25O 25
|,
2OO |,OO
Kq
I
(5_ol
ºn
(g–OlQſeº,|d|4|nuu)
Kq |50 N DA
ÁIdi
ønıda
11
nuuu
O,50
ºd•
|OO
yła,Tp
LP
| la
KidųInu)Tī£5ā
c6z
O,
25
2
] $ C
><
<C
Li
(Á)
>
C
–1
H
2
2
LJ
0
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-0-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF NICKEL
Sources of Data: Krupkowski and DeHaas lº28, Nix and

MacNair lº! l.
Other References: Adenstedt l936, Altman, Rubin and Johnston
l954, Aoyama and Ito l939, Disch l92l, Henning
l907, Simon and Bergmann l930.
Tâmp.
K
P293 - PT
l
di.
L d'T
TÉmp
K
: P293 - PT | 1 dB
L O L L dº
293 per K 293 per K
-
–5 –5 –5
0 |224 x lo 0. 140 l71 x lo 0.88 x lo
20 224 |||
0.02 × 10^* l60 l52 | O . 98 ''
3O 224. " .05 " 180 l32 ||

l. O5 "
40 223 | 10 200 lll | 1. 10

...
"
"
.
22 220 88 l. LS
|1
50 19
l
"
"
''
.
60 219 28 240 65 l. 19
!I
"
''
''
70 216 38 260 4l l. 22
|||
''
"
"
.
80 ll. 47
|||
273 25 23
2
1
||
"
"
''
.
90 206 55 28O l6 l. 24
|
"
"
"
.
LOO 6l. l. 26
|1
20 293
!I
O
l
"
"
.
|
l2O 187 75 300 –9 l. 26

|
||
"
"
|
Taken from NBS 29
IX-P-1
225 |.35
2OO |.2O
I75 |O5
|5O O.90
|25 O.75
|OO O,6O
|
75 O45
; #
5O O.30
e s
l—
THERMAL EXPANSION
25 O.[5
of NICKEL
|OO |50 2OO 3OO

TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-P-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF NIOBIUM
Sources of Data: Erfling l942.
Other References: Hidnert and Krider lº 33.

Discussion: Also termed columbium.
sº º - PT
# # *. *293 - PT
##
‘’K
293 per"K *293 per
99.4 10°l .56

0.
143 107* 140 10^*
×
x
o
|
|
lO 16O 87.7 59
°
||
"
.
20 143 .03 107*|| 180 75.5 62
x
"
''
.
"
|
143 2OO 63.0 64

...
O
tº
9
3
O
||
''
"
.
|
40 14 17 220 50.0 66
m
l
||
||
.
"
"
.
50 139
|
24.
"
"
.
60 137 31. 240 36.7 67
"
||
||
"
.
"
"
'
.
7O 133 36 260 23 68
"
l
||
"
"
.
"
|
80 129 40 273 14 69 "

1
||
"
"
"
.
|
.
.
90 125 44 28O 69
"
9
2
.
"
"
"
.
|
OO 121 .47 293 70

...
"
m
.
"
|
2O lll. 52 300 70
–
"
O
5
"
.
-
|
.
|Ken from NBS 29
IX-Q–1
17O |,O2
|50 O.90
|25 O.75
|OO O,6O
75 O,45 –
:
;# #5
~ ||“O
5O O.30
25 O. 5
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of NIOBIUM
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-Q-2
i
T
r—ſ T-IT-TTTT T-I-T-I-T-I-TTT I-I-I-I
2
|
O.O
O.O2 }*-*s s
— tºº
4
O.O
6
O
O
O. O.8 sº —
Ti
Nb 33 °/o
* *4
-|
*=
f
Nb 26 % Ti
Gº
§
$8°/o Ti
-b -
|-- Nb 9%. Ti —ſ
–
|-sº Nb 45%. Ti —
-
*
3- -
|- nº-asy, Tſ –
1
|
I
||
|
|
|
||
|
||
|--|--|--|--|--|-
|
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4
|| |
O
|2
4
|O 2O 3O 50 OO OO 3OO OO
K
Temper of ure,
THERMAL EXPANSION VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR NB-T I-A LLC) YS

THERMAL EXPANSION OF ARALDITE NO. 501
Sources of Data: Laquer and Head l952.
Other References:
Discussion: Epoxy casting resin made by Ciba Co.

40 g of the material was catalyzed with
2 ml triethanolamine . Cured 8 hr. at
l20° C and then 24 hr. at 180° C.
º
tºº. -
293
PT *gº.
º 293
- PT
O |1061 x 10-5 200 | 505 x 10-5
20 1051. " 220 || 4 lo "
40 ||1022 " 240 || 308 "
60 983 " 260 | 199 "
8O 935 " 273 || 122 "
l00 880 " 280 81 "
l2O 819 " 293 O "
l40 75l. " 300 || – 46 "
l60 676 "
l80 594 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-l. 1
|[5O
|||OO
|OOO
900
8OO
7OO
| 6OO
5OO
;
f 4OO
3OO
2OO
THERMAL EXPANSION
of ARALDITE NO, 50|

|OO
–5O
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, * K
IX-R-1. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF FLUCROTHENE or KEL-F
Other References:
Discussion: Polychlorotrifluoroethylene. The

samples were , respectively, from a
5 in . diameter rod of Fluorothene made
by Union Carbon and Carbide and from a
l/16 in . thick sheet of Kel-F made by
M.W. Kellog and Co.
-
Table of Selected values
*gº.
º 293
- PT
º: º 293
- PT
0 |1135 x 107* || 180 604 x 107*
20 lll.4 " 200 517 "
40 1070 " 220 424. "
60 ||1019 '' 240 3.24. "
80 962 " 260 214 "
lOO 900 " 273 134 "
l2O 834 . " 280 90 "
l40 763 " 293 O "
l60 686 " 300 - 52 ''
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-2. 1
||50
|||OO
|OOO
900
8OO
7OO
6OO
|.
5OO
i #
40O
3OO
2OO
THERMAL EXPANSION
of FLUOROTHENE or KEL-F
– 5O
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-R-2. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF LUCITE
Other References:
Discussion: Polymethylmethacrylate. "Probably

DuPont Lucite". Average of two samples
from rod stock.
º: *293
*293
"T º: *293
*293
"T
o 1134 x 107*|| 180 | 632 x 107*
2O ll 23 '' 2OO || 54 O "
40 | LO 92 '' 220 || 44 l "
60 | 1048 " 240 || 335 "
80 995 " 26O 22O "
100 936 " 273 || 136 "
120 869 " 280 91. "
140 796. " 293 O "
l60 717 m 3OO | – 53 ''
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-3. 1
||5O
|||OO
|OOO
900
8OO
7OO
| 6OO
5OO
;; 40O
3OO
2OO
THERMAL EXPANSION
of LUCITE
|OO
–5O
50 |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-R-3. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF NYLON
Sources of Data ; Laquer and Head l952.
Other Reference S :
Discussion : From 3/4 inch diameter rod. "Probably

E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co. grade FM-l".
tºp.
º -
293
PT tºp.
º -
293
PT
o 1389 x 10^* || 180 789 x 10−9
2O |l 379 " 2OO || 673 "
40 ||1352 '' 22O 548 "
6O || 1308 " 240 || 4 l2 "
80 | 1247 ''
260 265 "
100 |1172 " || 273 161 "
l2O ||1088 " 280 | LO 7 "
l40 996 " 30 O O "
160 | 896 " – 6l. "
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-4. 1
|7OO
|6OO
|400
|200
|OOO
8OO
|
600
; #
4OO
THERMAL EXPANSION
2OO
Of NYLON
— |OO
O 5O |OO |5O 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-R-4. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF PIEXIGLAS
Sources of Data: Data from Laquer and Head l952. (In

addition to the substances listed in
the table, data have been given for lo
specially compounded rubbers by Dunsmoor
et al. 1958 and Trepus et al. 1959. These
data consist mainly of values of (L 293 -L-...)
T78
L
293
Other References: Wood, Bekkedahl and Peters l939 a
Discussion: Polymethylmethacrylate made by Rohm and

Haas CO . Data from Giauque, Geballe,
Lyon and Fritz lºs 2.
tºp. *293 T *T tºp. *293 - PT
*293 *293
0 |1220 x 10"? 200 590 x 10−9
2O | 1210 " 22 O || 490 "
40 ll 60 " 240 370 "
60 lll O " 260 24 O "
80 | 1050 " 273 15 O "
1OO || 990 " 28 O || 99 "
l2O 93 O " 293 O "
140 || 860 " 298
160 780 " 3O O || – 55 "
18O 690 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-5. 1
|350
|2OO
|OOO
8OO
| 6OO
;
| 4OO
2OO
THERMAL EXPANSION
of PLEXIGLAS
—IOO
50 |OO |50 2OO 25O
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-R-5. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF POLYSTYRENE
Sources of Data: Laquer and Head l952. (In addition to

the substances listed in the table, data
have been given for lo specially compounded
rubbers by Dunsmoor et al. 1958 and Trepus
et al. 1959. These data consist mainly of
values of
(*293-47s)/*293.
Other References: Wood, Bekkedahl and Peters l939.
Discussion: Average of two samples from rod stock,

both "probably American Phenolic Corp.
grade 912A.
Tamp.
K
P293 - PT || Tân P: P293
K
PT -
L L
293 293
0 1550 x 107* || 200 626 x 1075
2O | 1552 " 220 499 "
40 || 1466 " 240 3.68 "
60 1394 " 260 232 "
80 lº O8 " 273 l4 l "
l00 l2ll " 28O 93 "
l2O || 1105 " 293 O "
l40 992 '' 298
160 | 874 " 300 –5 l "
l60 752 "

Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-6. 1
7OO
| 6OO
4OO
200
|OOO
8OO
i.
6OO
;; 400
2OO H. THERMAL EXPANSION
of POLYSTYRENE
—|OO
O 5O |OO |5O 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-R-6. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF POLY THENE
-
jources of Data: Laquer and Head l952. (In addition to
the substances listed in the table, data
have been given for lo specially compounded
rubbers by Dunsmoor et al. 1958 and Trepus
et al. l.959. These data consist mainly of
values of
(+293-178)/*293
)ther References: Wood, Bekkedahl and Peters lº 39.
)iscussion: Polyethylene made by E. Du Pont de Nemours I.
and Co. . Molded under 2000 psi pressure at
150°C for 10 min. Directional variations
were negligible. See also Hunter and Oakes
l945. Five filled polythenes were measured
by Head and Laquer l952.
*.
O
º
244.9
-
293
PT
x 10-5
º:
200 1439
º 293
x
-
10−9
PT
2O 2439 !I
22O |ll 99 "
||
40 2404 240 || 919 "
60 ||
23.49 260 594 "
8O 2279 |?
273 || 359 "
!!
lOO 2194 280 239 "
l20 2089 tºJ

293 O "
l40 l964 |||

298
|160 l8l4
| 300 – 13 l "
l60 1639 ||
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-7. 1
27OO
25OO
2OOO
|500
| |OOO
; #
500
THERMAL EXPANSION
of POLYTHENE
–2OO
O 5O |OO 150 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
F
Temper at ure
—
,|
4
OO 30 –2OO OO 32
e
O.5
|
|
|
|
O
Jº
–
O.5
S
Tron verse
k-mm
º
O
—
—r __
:
in
a
Longitud
_T
—
|.5
–2.O
O
O
O
6
2
O
O
4
8
O
|2 OO 24 28O 32O
,K
a
Temper ture
THERMAL ExPANSION VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR POLYETHYLENE

THERMAL EXPANSION OF TEFLON
Sources of Data: Laquer and Head l952
Other References: Dunsmoor et al. l.958

Trepus et al.
1959 -
Wood, Bekkedahl and Peters l939.
Discussion: Polytetrafluoroethylene. Extruded and

annealed sample measured by Kirby lºS 6.
He found that strained samples could have
expansions larger or smaller than those of
annealed Teflon, the differences being as
large as 20%. Laquer and Head (1952) measured two
samples of DuPont Teflon rod taken normal
and parallel to the extrusion direction.
The expansions parallel were roughly lS7%
larger than those normal, and the average
is lo to l8% larger than the the above data
by Kirby. The data of Laquer and Head were
used only to guide the extrapolation of Kirby's
values below 80°K. Teflon has a first order
transition at 20°C. Therefore we use 25° C
as a reference temperature and tabulate 105
above .
(+29s-PT) *298
Temp. tº º
*293 PT Tâmp. *293 PT
O K
L L
293 293
–5 –5
O 2l 40 x lo l60 l540 x 10
20 2ll0 !{
l80 l400 |||
40 ||
2060 200 l240 ||
60 2000 | 220 ||
lO50
80 1930 |||
240 85.5 |||
lOO ||
1850 260 645 ||
l20 1760 | 273 500 |
l40 l660 |1
298 O
|||
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-8. 1
22OO
2OOO
|75O
|500
|250
|OOO
|
750
; 3.
5OO
25O THERMAL EXPANSION
of TEFLON
–2OO
O 5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-R-8.2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF PIATINUM
Sources of Data: Nix and MacNair l942.

Henning loo7.
Onnes Clay log 6.
and
Scheel lS07.
Scheel and Heuse lºC)7.
Valentiner and Wallot l915.
Discussion:
º
. L – L
#.293
T
l
I, at
per OK
dI. Temp.
sº º 293
– L
T
per
#
dL
O 195 x 10^* ! 0. 140 | 132 x 107* | 0.77 x 10"?

|||
lO L95 0.008 x 10^*|| 160 | 116 '' . 80 . "
|||
20 195 . O5 ||
l80 99 - 4 " . 83 ''
30 194 I
. lS J1
200 82.4 " . 85 "
40 l92 |
. 26
||
220 65 86
...
O
"
"
.
50 189 38 47.5 87
|||
|||
240
"
"
.
60 185 .47 260 88

|||
29
|
''
"
.
-
70 l80 .54 273 l3 88

||
!I
...
O
''
"
80 l'74 60 | 28O ll. 89

6
"
"
.
.
90 168 65 293 89
||
...
O
"
"
.
l00 l6l | 68 300 6.4 89

|
"
"
.
.
l2O l47 73
!I
||
.
Taken from NBS 29
IX—S-1
23O O.92
225 O,90
2OO O.80
| 75 O,7O
|50 O,6O
|25 O.5O
|OO O,4O
|
75
;;
50
THERMAL EXPANSION
25 of PLATINUM O.[O
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-S-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF QUARTZ (CRYSTALLINE || )
Sources of Data: Buffington and Latimer l926
Other References: Dorsey 1908

Lindemann l912
Nix and MacNair l94l
Scheel l907
Sosman l927
Discussion: Measured parallel to optic axis. Nix the

and MacNair measured expansions perpendi—
cular to the optic axis but presented only
a coarse graph of the results, from which
the following values of lo (dL/LdT) were
taken: 7 at loo°K, 10 at 150°, 12 at 2009,
13 at 250°, 14 at 300°K.
tºp.
º 293
tºº
PT
#
per 9K
# tºp.
º 293
tº-e
PT
##
per ‘’
90 | 107 x 107* | 0.27 x 10" 240 || 36.7 x 10T 0.64 x 10"

lOO | 104 " •3 l " 260 || 23 - 6 " 68 "
l2O 97.7 " . 37 " 273 || 14. 6 " 7 l. "
l40 89. 8 '' . 42 " 280 9. 6. " 72 "
l60 80. 9 " . 47 '' 293 75

...
O
O
"
"
.
l80 l. 51. 3OO 5.3 76

7
2
"
"
"
"
.
200 60 55
5
"
"
.
-
220 49. 59
L.
"
"
Taken from NBS 29
IX-T-1
|||O O,88
|OO O.80
75 o,60”
ºO C
>
-C,
>
-C, Q)
Q) E
E g
O
>
_2^
> 2.
S. Tº
+
-, *E
5 5O O.4 O
X.
O
5
H.
—l a.
#| |_|
3
El's
||
CN
—l
-|_|
25 O, 20
THERMAL EXPANSION
of QUARTZ
CRYSTALLINE,
or
(MEASURED PARALLEL TO OPTIC AXIS)

O
O
–O,O8
- O

O
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-T-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF SILVER
Sources of Data: Ebert l928, Nix and MacNair l942.

Other References: Ayres 1905, Buffington and Latimer l926,
Dorsey l907, Henning l907, Keesom and
Jansen l927, Lindemann l9 ll.
Keesom and Kohler l933 .
Owen and Williams l954.
Shearer l950.
º: º 293
*T
#
per
tºp.
º 293
*T
##
per 9K
o 413 x 107* | 0 120 308 x 107* | 1.59 x 107*

10 || 4 13 " 0.01 x 10^*|| 140 276 ||
l. 65 "
2O || 412 '' •l ſºI

l60 | 242 | l. 69 "
l80 l.
|||
|||
3O || 4 10 " 2:08
Tº
...
3
3
||
''
40 405 200 173 |||
l. 77
!!
...
6
"
"
.
398 l37 l. 81
|||
220
||
||
50
...
8
||
"
''
60 389 l.0 240 100 85
||
!I
1
"
"
|
7O 378 l. 260 63 88
2
1
"
''
-
80 366 l.
|||
|||
273 38
9
3
O
||
1
"
"
-
90 353 l. 36 28O 25 l.
||
9
l
"
"
"
lOO 339 l. 46 293 l. 92

I
O
||
"
"
''
300 l3 l. 93
|
''
Taken from NBS 29
IX—U-1
45O 2,25
40O 2,OO
35O 1.75
3OO
ºC
F 250 |.25
|
Q)
E
d
>
_>
2OO |.OO
2.
Tr;
E
—l{H
*
s
|50 O,75
H.
—l ro
...]
&
3|
}
(NJ
—
|OO O.5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
50 O.25
of SILVER
O
–2O
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—U-2
THE MAL EXPANSION OF SOFT SOLDER
Sources of Data ; Dorsey l907
Other References:
Discussion: 50 Pb, 50 Sn.
Temp. L – L
T l di. Temp. L - L
T l di.
°K
#:293 L dT
per OK
°K
# 293
L dT
per 9K
90 467 x lo
–5
l. 96 x lo
–5
220 182 x 10
–5
2.41 x 10
–5
Ji ||
l00 447 ||
2.00 240 l33 2.46
l2O 407 DD
2.07 260 83 | 2 .50 |
l40 3.65
||
2. l., ||
273 5 l | 2. 52
!I
160 321 | 2. 22
| | 2.53 ||
280 33
l80 276 | 2. 29 | 293 O

| 2.54 |
200 229 | 2.35 ||

300 — l8 | 2. 55
Taken from NBS 29
IX-V-1
46O
450
400 4,OO
350 3,50
3OO 3,OO
250 2.50
2OO 2,OO
§:
|50 |.5C) §
; #
º
|OO |.OO
THERMAL EXPANSION
O,50
5O of SOFT SOLDER
–2O
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-V-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF STEEL AISI 304
Sources of Data ; Altman, Rubin, and Johnston l954

Beenakker and Swenson l955
Other References: Fontana lº & 8
Fontana, Bishop, and Spretnak l953
Furman l950
Discussion : Composition limits for this alloy are:
0.08 max. C, 2 max. Mn, max. Si, l8-20 Cr, 8– l
ll Ni. Altman et al., found small irreversible
effects and, below 35°K, small negative values
of expansion coefficient. While we have given
their results inferior weight in this region,
the effects were undoubtedly real and attribut
able to martensitic transformation on cooling
(Reed and Mike sell, l958). In this alloy the
extent of transformation that is produced by
cooling is sensitive to composition and has
been found to vary from zero to about 50%.
(R. P. Reed, private communication) . Complete
transformation would be accompanied by a mean
increase in linear dimension of roughly 1%
(Ward, Jepson, and Rait, l052; and Fiedler,
Averbach, and Cohen, l055.)
**. º -
293
PT
##
per TK
º: º 293
- PT
#
per 9K
#
O | 296 x 1075 0. 140 218 x 107* 1.20 x 10"?

10 || 296 " 0.001 x 10°ll 160 | 193
| l. 28 ''
20 296 " ,002 " 18O l 67 I

l. 34 "
200 l39 40
|||
296 62
...
30 "
"
a
O
"
ll lll l. 45
!}
220
|||
40 296
"
||
"
240 l. l. 49
|||
294 23
8
"
||
''
O
5
"
260 l. 53
|||
60 29]. .43 51
4
||
''
"
-
”
7O 285 .6l | 273 l. 55

4
l
3
"
||
"
||
-
"
280 20 1. 56
|||
80 279 75
5
||
"
"
||
"
-
.
87 293 l. 59
|||
90 271
...
O
O
"
"
"
lOO 26l. .96 300 ll. l. 60

|
l
||
||
"
"
"
120 24 l.09 |
l
"
Taken from NBS 29

IX—W-1.
1
32O |,92
3OO | 80
25O |.5O
2OO |.2O
|50 O.90
| |OO O.6O
—i.
~5 ~5
; —|| —l
5O O3O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of STEEL A. l. S. I. 3O4
– 40
O 5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—W-1. 2
§
:
§
s
CJ
****
***
**-*----
•
O
of---------- ---------
:
|
11
*:
ſ}•
;
| C
C ---
- *-- - --- ---, •*-*.
...
*****
*...
•*- *-*****------sº --------
CJ H------- - - - -- - ------
.
i.
|
; º
C **,*-**
O
rC)
*~~~ -------
*
9
|
i#.
- --- ***
.
Ç. ()
H
K;
i
|
|
|
f
CNJ
c
O
g
;
|
judo od ‘uoſsu DJ: Dull ot!...I.

3
a
IX—W-l.
3
Sources of Data: Furman l950
Other References:
si,
Discussion: ll l. 5l Mn, 0.42 0.0l S, 0.02
P,
0. C,
27. Cr, 21.6 Ni, bal. Fe. Annealed 30
2
min. at 1950° and water quenched
.
º
tºp. tºp.
PT
º
PT
;
#
#
#
293 per 29.3 per
K
K
90
246 107* |0.89 107* 220 101 107* 1.32 10^*

||
x
x
|
|
lCO 237 .9l 74.5 l. 36
|||
240
"
"
"
l2O 218 98 260 46 l. 40
I
9
"
''
"
.
-
l4O 198 l. 07 28 l. 42
||
273 6
''
''
"
|
l60 176 l. 14 l8. 1.43

|||
280
||
7
"
"
"
180 152 l. 21 293 .45
I
...
O
1
"
''
"
200 127 l. 27 -10.2 l. 46
||
300
"
"
"
''
Taken from NBS 29
IX—W-2.
1
26O |,56
25O |,50
2OO |.2O
|50 O.90
|
|OO O.6O
#5
"C "cy
;;
50 O.30
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of STEEL A. J. S. I. 3|O
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX—W-2. 2
t | .. i:\ : t }!
-
: i.º
STEEL
| | | !i i O
| { ! !3. i . - t ; !ſ t º f B
2
–
.
LESS
32
|: :
P
I t Y| | tl | } ${ N
2^
i ſ
STA
O
} ſ |: { | i 2
to
a
: *. t : *- } !* |
pr:
I!
2T
TY
O
! it ! : . .: - }t O
(OO
tt } : } t -
-=
2
-
or,
—
|
_^
F !- : g i : y& ‘. $ł ! ! ; !: ! K
−
cture,
Ii
lure,
_^
| | { :.
SO
. |\ i; -
PA+,
2-
g* - . i -}
-
=
Tempero
Temper
n
_^
| i i ;! - ",
-
200
Y - -
| h -t -
--
s
~
O
I - - . $ 2
o
~,
: =
y f
V
Y
I
i
30O
– i -$ - i
Cº
i- .i
CO
: $t -* tt !
G
N
i A
>
y *
-
exp
: O
_T
.: i *: t -
& º
-
A'
y
OO
I
I-
4
–
- tº
:- .
-T
.: i
T-*_ººr
$ n
f
=
:
O
- -
O.4
-
O.3
O.2
O.
-ol
-
3!
Sources of Data: Beenakker and Swenson 1955.
Other References Furman l950

Lucks and Deem lºS8
Discussion: Composition and heat treatment of sample

not stated. Composition limits for this
alloy are : 0.10 (max.) C, 2 (max.) Mn, l
(max.) Si, lo-l9 Cr, l0–l4 Ni, 2-3 Mo,
bal. Fe.
l l
*
Temp. L – L dB Temp. L. – L dB
T T
°k L dT °k L d;
#.293 per Ok 293 per K
–5
O 297 x lo 0. 140 214 x lo
–5
l. 21 x lo
–5
lO 297 " 0.004 x 10°ll 160 | 189 " l. 27 . "
20 297 |||
. OO 9
|||
18O l63 |1
l. 32 ||
30 297 |||
. O5
|||
200 l36 ||
l. 36 ||
40 296 ||
. 14 | 220 lO9 |||
l. 4l |1
5O 2.94
|||
. 27 |1
240 80 - 1 '' l. 45 |
60 290 .43 | 260 50 - 6 " l. 50 !{
70 285 ||
. 65 273 30.9 " l. 53 ||
8O 277 |||
. 82 ||
28O 20. 2 " l. 54 ||
90 269 |||
.94 |||
l. 57
|||
293
...
O
O
"
259 1.02 300 —ll. l. 58

|||
lC)0
|1
||
O
"
l2O 23.7 l. 13
!
||
Taken from NBS 29
IX—W-3.
1
32O 1.92
3OO |.8O
25O |,50
2OO
|
15O O.90
| |OO O.6O
—J|H
~5Iro
;
—|—|
#
50 O3O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of STEEL A.I.S.I. 3|6
5O |OO |50 2OO 250 3OO

TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-W-3. 2
O29
TBELS
|
O
SSET
--- --~~~
ſº-º-º-
iS9
NIV
--
|8
Q?O
- --- - - wº-- tº
-
\
=
--- *------------
c.
Al
2OC)
22O
!! H
O
-i
ył =
+ º9 &
|
'3
→ u
n
fil.
n
0
|| *- - -
* *.*-- -- - we )a
≠
0 V
...
•--*
,,
*
*
***
3
--
--
--
-
d'Ed
du
duu
O|-OO2
9
li
}||-
-
|į|
31. W.
ZO9||O
El
1|||–|||
2
!|-|
||-
Sf.
S
{
ti
|{||}}-
=
A
... ?-,
-- *** --...
-
---------
a
•
**~~
------
-
}*-----------
.
--
O2 -O
}-}-}!
|--
m.-{!
NO
|O
~-
famº ***
---------------
||}|__ +”
ISN
V
#|}:|
∈
}{
-ºs---
|||
--- - -
}** - --~...
----
{4&·Lºrſd!
-
--
--
--
-
--
--
-
-
|{t■—*}
{;!·w*|
XE
{-}*{
}||{:
T,
8O
•}į
|---- - * iz
v
Oſº -O
w
,,
_ ~~
}}}||·
~
M---------
ŁE,
____^.í;|
||:Lºr:*+
|{į*!į!«
:||}}}|
•
}}{
|i;!
vºo
OO Jºd Jaul
(3
|U
‘uo!3 uod |Du
IX-W-3.
3
Sources of Data: Furman l950.
Other References: Lucks and Deem l958.
Discussion: 0.07 C, 0.56 Si, 0.006 S,

l. 74 Mn,
0.019 P, 18.65 Cr, 3 Ni, 0.77 Nb, ll.
bal. Fe. Annealed 30 min. at 1950° F
and water quenched .
Temp. L – L
T lL di. Temp.
°k
L – L
T l dB
L dT
°k #2
dT
#.293
293 per ‘’K per ‘’K
–5 –5 –5 –5
90 262 x 10 0.94 x lo 220 lO9 x 10 1.40 x 10
1 OO 253 . 98 |||
240 80 - 2 '' l. 46 !I
l2O 233
| l. O5 ||
260 5O -6 " l. 50 |1
14 O || 2 ll. " 1. 13 '' 273 3O - 9 '' 1.53 "
l60 187 ||
l. 21 280 20 -2 " l. 54 ||
l. 28 l. 56
|||
!I ||
l8O 163 293
...
O
O
"
136 l. 34 300 —ll l. 57 |||

...
20
O
||
"
O
Taken from NBS 29
IX-W-4.
1
270 |.62
25O |,50
2OO |,2O
|5O O.90
| |
|OO O,6O
; # tle
~5 to
5O O.30
THERMAL EXPANSION
of STEEL. A.I.S. ſ. 347
–2O
() 50 |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-W-4. 2
1
.
a
º
-
ula ad in un
–
2
O
Ot» -O
OZ-O
|
–O 29.OO
ro
i|–|—
|}} –i ||
|||
0 |
4uaoua
d
|
' 1:0
uols updx
E
|
--
D ‘O
IX-W-5
u _º^2.
uaul
Ç’O
| }
-|
'O' |*țz
vO
2
|O8O
O
O
ț7
2O9||O
2
2O
O??O8
3
O
I.
9 ||
‘9
| n
X
a
du
,
T,
ci
I
L-LI-, VA
=
SNV
O
XE
E
NO BEA STIS WEL

I
E&HfI_LVE
S
Ed AL Ed 39 VLS SETNI T331S

THERMAL EXPANSION OF STEEL, S.A. E. lo20
Sources of Data: Altman, Rubin and Johnston l952
Other References: Beenakker and Swenson 1955

Dorsey l910
Gregg l954
Discussion: 0.18 C, 0.33 Mn, 0.0l Si, bal. Fe.

According to Beenakker and Swenson, Cast
iron had the same thermal expansion as lo20
steel within their experimental uncertainty
of #3x107° in AL/L.
Temp. L — L
T l di. Temp. L – L l di.
T
#
°k d'T
#:
d'ſ,
L
°K L
293 per 293 per ‘’K
K
–5 —5 –5
202 10 0. l40 l55
x
10 78
O
x 10
x
O
.
lO 160 138 "
87
"
|
.
{
–
5
| |
30 20 200 lCl 99
|
03
||
l
.
.
40 201 220 80. l.04

|1
O8
|
7
"
.
240 59. l. 08 |
6.
200
|||
14
"
||
O
5
l. ll
.
U
60 198 260 37.7
|l
23
|
"
•
70 195 31
| 273 22.9 l. 14
"
"
"
lS. l. 15
||
||
80 l92 28O
|||
40
|||
l
"
.
l. 17
|||
90 187 293
...
48
|
"
.
–8. l. l.9
||
lOO 182 3OO

|}
!{
55
3
''
.
20 170 68 DJ
I
l.
Taken from NBS 29
IX-X-1
(g
Kq
Á{d}|}|nuu)TF26z 9nĮDA _O!
262-1
Q\!CN}<æ»-•--•
OC\fO Q\!ON-U
!
5O
75
25
—|O
O OO! OOuſ)CD
O
uſ)
CD
H−
+3Q
TOEO
I u
C/D
H Or
Lų >
u
<[
–
]–1
IX-X-2
(/)3 LL]
TEMPERATURE,
<ſLu
§!
.
2
C/O----
*K
8Q
5z
92O
25O
3OO
•----• OOOOOOO
ĻOO\OOuſ)
Tp
».
Kq
KidųInu) enība (4_OI

LP} Jød•
–
4
–
O
– 2
OO 30 OO —IOO 32
O.
|
|
_T
->
I
—O.
:
—O.
Double norm
aſized and tempered
—
O.3
—O.4
O
4
|O2
|
2
8O
O
6O OO 24 28O 32O
-
K
Temperature,
9
NI
THERMAL EXPANSION VERSUs TEMPERATURE FOR STEEL

THERMAL EXPANSION OF TANTALUM
Sources of Data: Nix and MacNair l942
Other References: Disch l92l

Hidnert l'º 29
º: º -
293
PT
#
per K
tºp.
º -
293
PT
per
# K
O 143 x 10-9 || 0. 140 95.1 x 10^*lo.58 x 10^*
l0 143 '' 0.005 x 16°ll 160 | 83.5 59 "
|
20 143 " .04 180 || 71.5 " . 60 "
30 lA 2 •ll !I
200 59.3 " 61
...
''
"
40 14 20 220 47 62
...
O
l
''
"
.
"
.
50 34.4
!}
138 28 240. 63
''
"
''
.
.
60 135 35 260 21.6 65

||
"
"
.
.
70 l31 13.1 65
|1
41 273
||
"
"
"
.
.
80 | .45 280 8.5

|||
127 66
''
"
.
293
|||
90 122 49 66
O
''
"
"
-
.
lOO 300 66
|1
117 52
4
–
6
''
"
.
"
-
.
l2O 106 55
||
.
Taken from NBS 29
IX-Y-1
17O O.68
15O O,6O
|25 O,5O
ºC
>
-Cl
$ OO O,40
TS
>
P
.0
T-5
E
75 O3O
;# El's
To TC
5O O.2O
25 O,O
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of TANTALUM.
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
IX-Y-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF TIN (WHITE)
Sources of Data : Erfling l939
Other References: Cohen and Olie l910

Dorsey 1907
Gruneisen l910
Discussion: Anisotropic. The above values were calculated

from the relation, Mean Value = 1/3 ( !! ) +
2/3 ( L ), where ( || ) and (-L) signify the same

property measured parallel and perpendicular,
respect L yely, to the tetragonal axis.
Thewlis and Davey (1954) measured the lattice
parameter of grey tin, a brittle form with
diamond-type lattice that is stable below 18°C.
Their data cover the range , 30 to +20°C, and -l
are, represented by a constant expansion co
efficient, dT/LdT = 4.7 x 107°deg-lc. See also
Cohen and Olie (1910). The ordinary ductile
variety (white tin) if pure may transform to
grey tin at low ambient temperatures, but -is
stabilized by impurities.
Table of Selected Value S
º: º 293
- "T
#
per
#
O K
º: *293
*293
"T
# #
per 9K
O 447 x 10"? 140 290 x 107* | 1.71 x 107*

lC) 447 | 07 x 107*|| 160 255 " l. 77 "
l. 82
§1.
|||
20 445 180 219
...
3
''
"
30 44l 200 183 l. 87

||
...
||
''
''
|
l. 9]
|||
40 22O 1.45
||
43.3
9
"
"
|
.
423 •l | 240 l. 95
1
LO
|
"
O
"
5
60 412 260 66 l. 99
||
||
''
e
2
•
"
l. 2. Ol
|||
70 399 273
4
||
7
3
"
"
-
l. 42 26
|||
8O 385 28O
O
5
3
"
''
"
90 37
| l. 29.3 O5
...
O
O
O
2
5
"
l
"
"
lOO 356 l. 56 300 –l4.4

||
6
O
2
"
"
"
-
|
l2O l. 64
|||
3.24
"
Taken from NBS 29

IX-Z—l
45O 2.25
4 OO 2.OO
350 |.75
(e_O!
(5_Oſ
Kq
1,50
Áq
ønIda
anſ
da
CN]
•■
LO
Kid!\nu)
•
ÁIdųInu)
».
º
2OO O
Jød
pp
H.
#
26z
l-i_26z
—|—||
15O O.75
|OO O.5O
] ?
<!C
Q
><
~~
Li
LLI
–1
>
(/)
H
Cr
Cl
5O O,25
–3O
5O |OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE,
K
*
IX—Z-2
THERMAL ExPANSICN of ZINC (Cont.)
Table II
AVERACE EXPA:SIC; of ZIłC+
Teip.
*K
Tº - L293
a ſlai, º, ..]|Teº ||23 F
|| L dT *K
=
L233
| lar,
L dT
r. º.
92, loº
120
685
||
2.53
||
o 10-3 10^9
|
0
||
-
ll;0
og
10° 2.63
w
||O
||
||
"
"
10 633
X
2.73
.3
160 336
20
"
"
"
|
682
"
|
t?
.8 33l 2.8.l.
!.
§1
()
18X)
30 677
l. 2.87
l;0
§1
667 2CO 27]
"
"
3
"
|
1.7 22O 216 2.9l

50
"
"
652
"
||
"
*}
|1
2. 2.9};
||
157
!
60
633 2.0
i
6l. 2.2 260 98 2.96

70
!I
"
"
"
588 2.3 273 60 2.9'ſ
"
80
"
||
|
"
"
$$.
2.93
*:
§7
||
2.36 2&O 39
90 565
§§ !{
2. l;2 2.99
§1
loo 293
O
5.1
3CO -2l 3.CO

"
"
--
|
tº tº
º,
W. G.
G.
:)
cassº
tº
ºn
IX-AA-1
700 35
6OO 3O
5OO 2.5
'o
P- *
* 400 20 0
g C
s >
> -O
2. g
.9. S
*- >
>
3OO 1,5 >
5 5.
=}
*E
H.
7|3: Y
|-
—l
-
O
th
2OO I.O. §
—J H.
"O -o
- || –
| OO O.5
THERMAL EXPANSION
of
Z N C
O O
-4O - O2
* O | OO 2OO 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *k
IX-AA-2

Brookhaven National Laboratory Selected Volume 1

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Brookhaven National Laboratory selected cryogenic data notebook

/ compiled and edited by J.E. Jensen ... [et al.].

We have determined this work to be in the public domain,

A.G. Prode|| MAY 21 1981

Worcester Inst. and National Bureau Division

Revised August 1980

UNDER CONTRACT NO. DE-ACO2-76CHOOO16 WITH THE

9015 08645 41.65

tus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that

service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, otherwise, does not necessarily

imply endorsement, recommendation, favoring

constitute the United

States Government subcontractor thereof.The views and

reflect those the

United States Government subcontractor thereof.

Printed in the United States of America

VI. PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN

TheSelected Cryogenic Data Notebook has been designed to

The editors wish to give particular recognition to the Data

*A Compendium of the Properties of Mater ials at Low Temperatures

This notebook is composed of a series of individual data

be given. extensive tabulations, and

In this issue of this notebook, it has been necessary to

The editors acknowledge the necessity to revise many of those data

SOdV/\ SSE3d 38ſ, ‘O |OO

Temp. Pressure Temp. Pressure

O. 0.002 3.2 5.76 213

2.16 O.62 O. Oll 3.l. 6. 12 6.09

l.H. 2. 52 2.l O.OliO 3.6 6.18 l,02 7.71,

l.6 2.88 5.7 O. lol 3.8 6.7l. 503 9.68

23.8 l;58 7.56

2.2 3.96 Hl. O.790 H.H. 7.82 900 lT.

2. lº.6 8.28 2O.8

2.8 5.0l 134 2.58 5.0 9.00 ll.90 28.7

Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56

Keller, W. E., Phys. Rev. 91, No. 1, 1–8 (Jan. 1955)

Temp. Density Temp. Density

2.3 0.11:6 l.00 O. l.29

2.l. o.16 lº.2 O. l.25

2.6 O.lkl; l.l. O. l.22

2.8 O.lk3 l;.6 O.ll.T

.961; 6.630 7.1.6l 8.292 9.953 ll.6l

619 2.037 3.292 .129 5.798 13.27 ll.93

l;23 l;.956 lºël, 8.71,3 32.5i,

8.095 lo. 12.57 17.O6 2.l.52 34.7l,

O2l;0 9.75l l?. 84.67 95.29 O2lQ

ll. 30.85 37.21, 1,3.57 l;9.88

.67 l7.92 2k. 56.l7 62. 7l.99 87.5l.

.9957 l.022 l.0lo l.087 l.088 l.089 l.089

O36O log l.ll3 O360

l6.6l, l;5.8O 55.32 6l. 76

Ol;OO 21.5l 26. 36.16 7l. 83.52 92.88 Ol;00

l.015 l.019 1.073 102 l.28 l.20 lx2

Ol;8O 20.29 26.31; 32.43 blº.5l, 56.l;7 68.26 79.93 91.5l.

l.031 l.07l l.099 lx2 ll:8 l j6 l.lé0 lé3

22.17 28.85 35.57 l;8.9l 62.06 75.02 87.85

26.07 31.07 l;2.10 58.07 73.73 89.16

31.22 lºl.Ol 50.86 70.31, 89.10

l;2.66 56.65 TO.66 98.21

1.9.10 65.52 8l.96

loCO lg8 ..]OOO

..ll.OO l.2kl; llOO

..l.3OO 72.38 98.13 l.200

..ll:00 81.93 ..ll.00