1 hardware 2 software

Hardware :- Processing Unit , input output devices , storage .

software

1) operating system dos windows mac os linux android ios windows phone

2) programs software which is used to do perticular tasks word for document writting explorer for
internet navigation calculator for mathematical opertions paint for image drawing

3) data

operating sytem windows xp . in 2001

vista in 2007

windows 7 in 2009

windows 8 in 2013 and

finally windows 10.

Operating system is interace which appers when user turns on pc.

In true words, without operating systems there is nothing more than a computer tin box, the operating
systems are the means by which we are able to access the computer hardware or give commands to the
hardware Huh. But was running a computer always as easy as it is today? So the answer will be no, it has
not always been easy since GUI-based Operating Systems have come, so you would not want to know
what is this GUI and how did it make the computer easier So let's know about GUI-based operating
systems - Introduction of GUI-based Operating Systems

In the types of software, we had read that the operating system is a system software , ie the operating
system controls all the internal activities of your computer. and you, the user of a service to which the
large can easily operate the computer operating system interface computer such as the Resources
Memory computer , C Controls a trickle processing unit , hard disk or other software. This is the first
program thatis loaded from the room into the computer's main memory after the computer is switched
on.Is called booting

But all this was possible when GUI-based Operating Systems came into existence. Before that it was not
so easy to run the computer. In the initial days, whether the computer worked in Console Mode or not,
we would only Keyboard there were able to give commands from the mouse ( mouse) has had no or
none of today's so not an option OS (operating systems) are
What is a GUI

The GUI is a full-fledged graphical user interface as displayed in its name. It is based on the operating
system graphics, ie you can give input to the computer through the mouse and keyboard and there The
interface you are given is graphical or there are menus with all kinds of buttons which is a very easy
interface which is completely WE can also operate user graphical user interface (Graphical User
Interface) has grown rapidly since the operating system to come

Operating system functions - work of operating system

Operating system computer such as the Resources collection of computers , central processing units ,
hard disk or that control other software is the first program that the room after having switched on the
computer 's main memory of computers that process is loaded into booting (Booting) called the
operating system provides an interface between user and hardware which are all user computers Rdveyr
is Risarsej could use

The main functions of the operating system are classified as follows -

Resource Management

Process Management

Data Management

Security Management

The operating systems of old time computers were based on CUI ie Character User Interface like MS DOC
which used to work only from keyboard but since operating system based on Graphical User Interface
(GUI) like Windows 95, Windows 98 Aane they are difficult to work with the keyboard and then lying
needs can be anywhere on a device that allows the screen and the mouse (mouse) Avi's Kar was in 1960
Douglas Engelbart by the invention of the mouse was and you will be surprised that the first one was
made of wood mouse, which were engaged two wheels of metal. It was at that time that the first
generation of computers were running and the size of the computer was equal to a room.

computer locking problem

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User interfaces

The user interface (UI), in the industrial design field of human-computer interaction, is the space where
interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective
operation and control of the machine from the human end.

The Windows Desktop

Similar in concept to a physical desktop upon which you might work with tools and documents, the
Windows desktop is a general term for the background graphical interface upon which icons, tools, and
applications appear in Windows. The desktop includes the taskbar and Start button, as well as desktop
icons and shortcuts that users can click to launch programs and documents. The remainder of the screen
can display graphic images, patterns, or simply a background color. The desktop is highly configurable, so
the specific appearance of it will depend upon the Windows version in use and the user’s preferences.

Taskbar is a bar at the edge of the display of a graphical user interface that allows quick access to
current or favourite applications.

The icon An icon is a simplified image serving as an intuitive symbol that is used to help users to navigate
the system . UI icons. Interface Arrow Ui User Communication File Document Web Text Direction
Message Music Tool Delete Interaction Design Add Media Navigation Right.

The Start menu is a graphical user interface element used in Microsoft Windows since Windows 95 and
in some other operating systems. It provides a central launching point for computer programs and
performing other tasks.The Start menu is an important part of the Windows user interface since it
provides shortcuts to many commonly accessed items.

The Taskbar

The taskbar is usually located at the bottom of the Windows screen, although it can be repositioned. It
contains:

The Start button.

Buttons for any open programs.

And, the notification area, which includes the clock icon plus icons for various system tools and utilities.
You can interact with these utilities in various ways by clicking or right-clicking the icons.

Taskbar

Figure: The taskbar.

The Start Menu

The Start menu is the main entry point into the Windows user interface. You can access programs, tools,
and documents by choosing them directly from the Start menu or from one of its submenus. The Start
menu can display the name of the current user or the Windows version in use. You can open the Start
menu by clicking the Start button on the taskbar.

Start menu

Figure: The Start menu.

Start Menu Contents and Views

The default installations of the different Windows operating systems will arrange the Start menu in
slightly different ways. Some programs also add icons to the Start menu when they are installed. The
following table shows the default Start menu con- tents for Windows 2000 Professional, Windows XP
Professional, Windows Vista Business, and Windows 7 Ultimate.

Running the application

Simple settings of operating system

Change display properties

Change date and time

Windows component

Tip 1 :

Short cut keys : i.e Ctrl+P A plus sign between two keys indicates that you must select

those keys at the same time. For example, “press Ctrl+P” directs

you to hold down the Ctrl key while you press the P key Function Printing.

Tip 2 To display the Start menu (default configuration)

a ) Select the Start button.

b) Press the Windows logo key.

c) Press Ctrl+Esc.

Tip 3 : - Alternate Keys :- i.e ALT+P A plus sign between two keys indicates that you must select

those keys at the same time. For example, “press ALT+ f ” directs

you to hold down the ALT key while you press the f key Function Printing. Function Open File menu in
application or explorer.

function keys are in top first row from f1 to f12

Tip 4 :- To dismiss the Lock screen

Click or tap a blank area of the screen.

Flick the screen upward by using your finger.

Press any keyboard key.

To sign in to Windows 10

1. Dismiss the Lock screen.

If the computer has multiple user accounts, the Welcome screen displays a

link to each account in the lower-left corner.

2. If the user account picture and name in the center of the screen aren’t for

the account you want to sign in to, select the account in the lower-left corner of the Welcome screen.

Tip5 :- To search for content on the computer or internet

1. Activate the taskbar search box by doing either of the following:

Click or tap the search box.

Press the Windows logo key.

Tip 6 :- To open the Settings window

On the left side of the Start menu, select the Settings icon.

Press Win+I.

Tip 7 :- To display the Quick Link menu

Right-click the Start button.

Press Win+X.

To display the Control Panel home page

In the taskbar search box, enter control, and then in the search results list,

select Control Panel.

Tip 8 :- End a computing session

If you’re going to stop working with your computer for any length of time, you

can use one of these four options to leave the Windows session:

Lock the computer This leaves your Windows computing session active,

saves the state of any running apps and open files, and displays the Lock

screen. Signing in to Windows resumes your computing session.

Sign out of Windows This exits any running apps, ends your Windows

computing session, and displays the Lock screen. Signing in to Windows

starts a new computing session.

Put the computer to sleep This leaves your Windows computing session

active, saves the state of any running apps and open files, turns off the

monitor, and puts the computer into a power-saving mode. When you wake

the computer up, the monitor turns on, the Lock screen appears, and signing

in to Windows resumes your computing session.

Shut down the computer This signs all active users out of Windows, shuts

down the computer processes in an orderly fashion, and turns off the

computer.

You can access these processes from your account button and the Power button

on the Start menu and full-size Start screen. The Sign Out, Sleep, and Shut

Down processes are also available from the Quick Link menu.

Excercise Question 1:-what are Shortcut keys for 1 )Lock Screen 2) goto desktop ?
Question 2 ) which combination keys are used to close application?

Question 3) change theme to High Contrast black , white and then back to oiginal theme .

Question 4 ) which are steps involved in end task running app?

Question 5 ) How to change Date and Time of computer ? write down steps .

Question 6 ) How to see properties of your computer i.e which processor , amount of ram ..?

question 7 ) What you will find on your desktop ?

question 8 ) Where to find your start button, taskbar, menu bar and toolbar