Problems on Surds

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We will solve different types of problems on surds.

1. State whether the following are surds or not with reasons:

(i) √5 × √10

(ii) √8 × √6

(iii) √27 × √3

(iv) √16 × √4

(v) 5√8 × 2√6

(vi) √125 × √5

(vii) √100 × √2

(viii) 6√2 × 9√3

(ix) √120 × √45

(x) √15 × √6
(xi) ∛5 × ∛25

Solution:

(i) √5 × √10

= √ −5−− −
⋅ 10 5⋅10

= √ −5−−−− −
⋅ 5 ⋅ 2 5⋅5⋅2

= 5√2, which is an irrational number. Hence, it is a surd.

(ii) √8 × √6

= √ −8−⋅ −6 8⋅6

= √ −2−−−−−−−− −
⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 2⋅2⋅2⋅2⋅3

= 4√3, which is an irrational number. Hence, it is a surd.

(iii) √27 × √3

= √ −27
−− −
⋅ 3 27⋅3
= √ −3−−−−−− −
⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 3⋅3⋅3⋅3

=3×3

= 9, which is a rational number. Hence, it is not a surd.

(iv) √16 × √4

= √ −16
−− −
⋅ 4 16⋅4

= √ −2−−−−−−−−−− −
⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 2⋅2⋅2⋅2⋅2⋅2

=2×2×2

= 8, which is a rational number. Hence, it is not a surd.

(v) 5√8 × 2√6

=5×2 √ −2−−−−−−−− −
⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 2⋅2⋅2⋅2⋅3

= 10 × 2 × 2 × √3

= 40√3, which is an irrational number. Hence, it is a surd.

(vi) √125 × √5

= √ −125
−−−−
⋅ 5 125⋅5
= √ −5−−−−−− −
⋅ 5 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 5 5⋅5⋅5⋅5

=5×5

= 25, which is a rational number. Hence, it is not a surd.

(vii) √100 × √2

= √ −100
−−−−
⋅ 2 100⋅2

= √ −2−−−−−−−− −
⋅ 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 2 2⋅2⋅5⋅5⋅2

= 2 × 5 × √2

= 10√2, which is an irrational number. Hence, it is a surd.

(viii) 6√2 × 9√3

=6×9 √ −2−⋅ −3 2⋅3

= 54 × √6

= 54√6, which is an irrational number. Hence, it is a surd.

(ix) √120 × √45

= √ −120
−−−−−
⋅ 45 120⋅45
= √ −2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 2⋅2⋅2⋅3⋅5⋅3⋅3⋅5

= 2 × 3 × 5 × √6

= 30√6, which is an irrational number. Hence, it is a surd.

(x) √15 × √6

= √ −15
−− −
⋅ 6 15⋅6

= √ −3−−−−−− −
⋅ 5 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 3⋅5⋅2⋅3

= 3√10, which is an irrational number. Hence, it is a surd.

(xi) ∛5 × ∛25

= √3 −5−−−−
× 25 5×253
3 −−−−−−−
= √ 5 × 5 × 5 5×5×53

= 5, which is a rational number. Hence, it is not a surd.

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√5
2. Rationalize the denominator of the surd √53√3 .
3√3

Solution:

√5
√53√3
3√3

√5 √3
= √53√3 × √3√3
3√3 √3

√ 5×3
= 5×33×3×3
3×√ 3×3

√15
= 3×3 √153×3

1
= 9 19 √15

2
3. Rationalize the denominator of the surd 2√7−√3
√7−√3

Solution:
2
2√7−√3
√7−√3

2×(√7+√3)
= 2×(√7+√3)(√7−√3)×(√7+√3)
(√7−√3)×(√7+√3)
 2(√7+√3)
= 7−3
2(√7+√3)7−3

2(√7+√3)
= 4
2(√7+√3)4

(√7+√3)
= 2
(√7+√3)2

√3
4. Express the surd √35√2 in the simplest form.
5√2

Solution:

√3
√35√2
5√2

√3 √2
= √35√2 × √2√2
5√2 √2

√ 3×2
= 3×25×2×2
5×√ 2×2

√6
= 5×2 √65×2

1
= 10 110 √6, is the required simplest form of the given surd.

5. Expand (2√2 - √6)(2√2 + √6), expressing the result in the simplest form of surd:

Solution:

(2√2 - √6)(2√2 + √6)

= (2√2)2 2 - (√6)2 2 , [Since, (x + y)(x - y) = x2 2 - y2 2 ]

=8-6

=2

6. Fill in the blanks:

(i) Surds having the same irrational factors are called ____________ surds.

(ii) √50 is a surd of order ____________.

5 −−−
(iii) √9 −−
19 199 × √ 100 1005 = ____________.
(iv) 6√5 is a ____________ surd.
(v) √18 is a ____________ surd.

(vi) 2√7 + 3√7 = ____________.

(vii) The order of the surd 3∜5 is a ____________.

(viii) ∛4 × ∛2 in the simplest form is = ____________.

Solution:

(i) similar.

(ii) 2

(iii) √9 −−
19 199, [Since, we know, 100 0 = 1]
(iv) mixed

(v) pure

(vi) 5√7

(vii) 4

(viii) 2