Chapter 5

Exponents

Introduction:
99,000,000,000
1596,000,000,000
870,000,000,000,000
6784,083,000,000,000
The numbers which are given above, are very large and not so easy to understand. These numbers are
not so easy to compare for this kind of problem, we have to learn the use of exponents.

(i) 6+6+6+6+6+6+6+6 = 8×6

(ii)(-7)+(-7)+(-7)+(-7)+(-7)+(-7)+(-7)+(-7)+(-7) = 9×(-7)
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
(iii) + + + + + = 6 ×
5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Above examples are continued sum. In ex.(i), 6 is added to itself 8 times can be explained as the product
of 6 (the number itself) and 8 (the number of times it is added).
Similarly, it can be say for ex(ii) and ex(iii).

We can write 43 as 4×4×4 , where 4 is the base and 3 is the index or exponent. It can be said that the
value of 4 to the 4th power is 43 or 4×4×4. Here 4 is multiplied with itself 3 times.
Similarly,
(i) 4×4×4×4×4×4×4×4 = (4)8
(ii) (-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3) = (-3)7
2 2 2 2 2
(iii) (5) × (5) × (5) = (5)3 [in the place of 5 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 ]
−3 −3 −3 −3
(iv) ( 4 ) × ( 4 ) × ( 4 ) = ( 4 )3

𝑝
We can write, for any rational number (𝑞 ):
𝑝 𝑝3 𝑝×𝑝×𝑝 𝑝 𝑝4 𝑝×𝑝×𝑝×𝑝
(𝑞 )3 = 𝑞 3 =𝑞×𝑞×𝑞
; (𝑞 )4 = 𝑞4 = 𝑞×𝑞×𝑞×𝑞 etc.
𝑝 𝑝𝑛 𝑝
In other words, (𝑞 )n = 𝑞𝑛 [where, n and 𝑞
are any natural number and rational number respectively]

43 = 4×4×4 = 64, Here power notation or exponential form of 64 is 43.

Similarly, exponential form of 100, 1000 and 10000 is 102, 103 and 104 respectively.
[100 = 10×10, 1000 =10×10×10, 10000 =10×10×10×10]

Square and cube are some special names of power. When a number is raised to its 2nd power, then it is
called squared and when a number is raised to its 3rd power, it is called cubed.
For example: p × p = p2 [consider as p ‘squared’ or p raised to its 2nd power]
 p × p × p = p3 [consider as p ‘cubed’ or p raised to its 3rd power]
p × p × p × p = p4 [p is raised to its 4th power ]
and so on.

Some important points:

(i) b × b × b × …. × b = bn, here ‘n’ means n times and n is a natural number.
(ii) p × p × p × p × b × b × b = p4b3
(iii) a = 0 and, a1 = a [Where a may be any of the rational number and a≠0 ]

Example 1: What is the value of : (i) 132, (ii) 73, (iii)44, (iv)(-5)3, (v)(-3)4

Solution: (i) 132 = 13×13 =169

(ii) 73 = 7×7×7 = 363
(iii) 44 = 4×4×4×4 = 256
(iv) (-5)3 = (-5)×(-5)×(-5) = 25×(-5)= -125
(v) (-3)4 =(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3) = {9×(-3)}×(-3) = (-27)×(-3) =81

Example 2: Simplify the following:

(i)3×104, (ii) 24 × 3, (iii) 82×33 , (iv)103×0, (v) 32×53,(vi) 23×53, (vii)(-3)3×(-4)

(viii) (-5)3×(-2)2

Solution: (i)3×104 =3×10000 [As, 104 = 10×10×10×10 =10000]

=30000
(ii) 2 × 3= 16×3 [As, 24 =2×2×2×2 = 16]
4

= 48
(iii) 8 ×3 =64×27 [As, 82 =8×8 = 64 and, 33 =3×3×3=27]
2 3

=1728
(iv) 10 ×0 =1000 ×0 [As, 103= 10×10×10=1000]
3

=0
(v) 3 ×5 =9×125 [As, 32 = 3×3 =9 and, 53 =5×5×5=125]
2 3

= 1125
(vi) 2 ×5 = 8×125 [23 =2×2×2 =8 and, 53 = 5×5×5 =125]
3 3

=1000
(vii)(-3)3×(-4) = (-27) ×(-4) [As, (-3)3 = (-3)×(-3)×(-3) = -27]
=108
(viii) (-5) ×(-2)2 =-125×4 [As, (-5)3 =(-5)×(-5)×(-5)=-125]
3

= -500 .

Example 3: (i) (1)7 = 1×1×1×1×1×1×1

(ii) (-1)3 = (-1)×(-1)×(-1)
(iii) (-1)8 = (-1)×(-1)×(-1)×(-1)×(-1)×(-1)×(-1)×(-1)
Note: (-1)n = -1; when n is an odd natural number and ,
=1 ; when n is an even natural number.

𝑎
Example 4: Evaluate the following in (𝑏 ) form :
2 −2 −3
(i)( )3 , (ii) ( )2 , (iii) ( )5
3 5 5

2 2 2 2 2×2×2 8
Solution: (i) ( 3)3 = 3 × 3
× 3 = 3×3×3 = 27 .

−2 2 −2 −2 2×2 4
(ii) ( 5
) = 5
× 5
= 5×5 = 25 .

−3 5 −3 −3 −3 −3 −3 (−3)×(−3)×(−3)×(−3)×(−3) −243
(i) ( ) = × × × × = = .
5 5 5 5 5 5 5×5×5×5×5 3125

Example 5: Find out the greater one:

(i) 33 and 54 , (ii)(a) 73 and 37 (b) 28 and 82 , (iii) 1003 and 3100

Solution: (i) 33 = 3×3×3=27

and, 54 = 5×5×5×5 = 625
Clearly, 625 > 27 .
∴ 33 < 54
Hence, 54 is greater one.

(ii) (a) 73 = 7×7×7= 343

and, 37 = 3×3×3×3×3×3×3 = 2187
Clearly, 2187 > 343 .
∴ 37 > 73
Hence, 37 is greater one.

(b) 28 = 2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2= 256

and, 82 = 8×8=64
Clearly, 256 > 64 .
∴ 28 > 82
Hence, 28 is greater one.

(iii) In example (ii) we can see that, 37 > 73 and, 28 > 82.
In the same way we can write 25 > 52 , 230 > 302 and 3100 > 1003.
Hence, 3100 is greater one.
 −5 3
Example 6: What is the product of square of ( 6 ) and cube of (−4)?
Solution:
−5 3
square of ( 6 ) and cube of (−4)
−5 3
=( 6 )2 × (−4)3

= −5 −5 3 3 3
( 6 ) × ( 6 ) ×(−4)× (−4)× (−4)

(−5)×(−5) 3×3×3
= 6×6
× (−4)×(−4)×(−4)

25 27 75
= 36
× (−64) = −256

1 −2 3
Example 7: (3)2 × ( 3 )5 × (5)3 as a rational number ___.

1 −2 3 12 (−2)5 33 𝑝 𝑝𝑛
Solution: (3)2 × ( 3 )5 × (5)3 = 32 × 35
× 53
[As, (𝑞 )n = 𝑞𝑛 ]

1 (−32) 27 −32
=9× ×
243 125
= 10125 .

1 −2 3 −32
Hence, (3)2 × ( 3 )5 × (5)3 as a rational number is = 10125 .

Example 8: Express the given rational numbers as exponential:

243 −1
(𝑖) , (𝑖𝑖)
1024 625

Solution: (i) 243= 3×3×3×3×3 , and 1024 = 4×4×4×4×4

243 3×3×3×3×3 35 3
∴ 1024 = 4×4×4×4×4 = 45 = (4)5

(ii) 625 = 5×5×5×5 , and (-1)=(-1)×(-1)×(-1)×(-1) =(-1)4 = 1

−1 (−1)×(−1)×(−1)×(−1) (−1)4 1
∴ 625
= 5×5×5×5
= 54
= (5)4

Example 9: Simplify the following:

−3 1 2 1 3
(i) (-5)3×( 11 ) 2 , (ii) 42 ÷ {(3) − (9) }

−3 (−32 ) 9 1125
Solution: (i) (-5)3×( 11 ) 2 = (-5)3× 112
= 125 × 121 = 121
.
 1 2 1 3 4×4 16 16 16 729 729
(ii) 42 ÷ {(3) − (9) } = 1 1 1 1 1 =1 1 = 81−1 = 80 = 16× 80 = 5
.
( × )−( × × ) −
3 3 9 9 9 9 729 729 729
5

Example 10: When p=3 and, q=4

What is the value of the following:
𝑝 𝑞
(i) pq + qp ,(ii) ( )
𝑞

Solution: (i) pq + qp
=34 + 43 =81 +64 = 145.

𝑝 𝑞
(ii) (𝑞 )
3 3×3×3×3 81
= (4)4 = 4×4×4×4 = 256 .

5 6 2 4 3
Example 11: (− 8) × (4) × ( 5 ) × (-5)
Represent the above in terms of power of a rational number.

5 6 2 4 3
Solution: (− 8) × (4) × (− 5 ) × (-5)

5 62 43
=(− 8)× 42 × (-1)3 × 53 × (-5)
18 4
5 36 64
= −8 × 16
× (−1) × 125
× (−5)
2 25

−90 90
= 25
= (-25)1 [As, a1 = 1]

Example 12: What is the exponential form of the following:

5 5 5 5 5
(i) (7) × (7) × (7) × (7) × (7) , (ii) (-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3) , (iii) p × p × q × q × q × r × r × r × r

5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Solution: (i) (7) × (7) × (7) × (7) × (7) = (7)
(ii) (-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3) =(-3)7

(iii) p × p × q × q × q × r × r × r × r = p2q3r4

Example 13: Give the exponential form of the following:

(i) 343, (ii) 1296, (iii) 4096

Solution: (i) 343 = 7 × 7 ×7

Hence, 343= 73

(ii) 1296 =6 × 6 × 6 × 6
Hence, 1296 = 64

(iii) 4096 = 8 × 8 × 8 × 8
Hence, 4096 = 84

Example 14: Represent the given numbers in terms of product of power prime factor:
(i)81000, (ii)4900, (iii) 336, (iv)10000

Solution: (i) 81000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 23 × 34 × 53

(ii) 4900= 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 7 × 7 =22 × 32 × 52

(iii)336 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 = 24 × 31 × 71

(iv) 10000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 24×54

Example 15: Convert the given rational number into exponential form:
−32 125 −1
(i) , (ii) , (iii)
243 343 512

−32 (−2)5
Solution: (i) 243 = (3)5
[ as, -32 = (-2)5 and, 243 = 35]

−2
=( 3 )5

125 53
(ii) = [as, 125=53 and, 343=73]
343 73

5
=(7)3

−1 (−1)3
(iii) 512 = (8)3
[as, (-1)3 =-1 and, 83 = 512]

−1
=( 8 )3

Topic 1:
Rational number expressed reciprocally:
𝑝
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑠 ∶
𝑞
 𝑝 𝑞 𝑝
( )-1 = [Where, 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟]
𝑞 𝑝 𝑞

𝑝 𝑝𝑛
In other words, (𝑞 )n = 𝑞𝑛

𝑝𝑛 𝑝𝑛 −1 𝑞−𝑛 𝑞 𝑛
𝑁𝑜𝑤, Reciprocal of 𝑞𝑛
= (𝑞 𝑛 ) = 𝑝−𝑛 = (𝑝)

𝑝 𝑛 𝑝𝑛 𝑞 𝑛
∴ Reciprocal of (𝑞 ) = 𝑞𝑛 =(𝑝) .
𝑝 𝑛 𝑞 𝑛
We can say, reciprocal of (𝑞 ) in exponential form is (𝑝)

−8 87 19 7
Example 16: Find the reciprocal of : (i) ( 13 ) , (ii) 79 , (iii) ( 5 ) , (iv) (-11)23

−8 87 13 87
Solution: (i) Reciprocal of ( 13 ) = (− 8
)

1
(ii) Reciprocal of 79 = (7)9
19 7 5
(iii) Reciprocal of ( 5 ) = (19)7

−11 23
(iv) (-11)23 = ( 1
)
11 23 1
∴ 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 (− 1
) = (- 11)23

Exercise 5A:

1) What is the value of: (i) 64 , (ii) 83 ,(iii) 162 , (iv) (-7)3 , (v)(-2)6 , (vi) (-9)3, (vii) (-5)4
2) Simplify the following:
(i) 52 × 25 , (ii) 103 × 54 , (iii) 34 × 53 ,(iii) 28 × 104 , (iv) (-10)5 × 53 , (v) (-2)5 × (-5)2 ,(vi) (-3)4 × (-2)3 , (vii)
25×33

2 3 −3 5 4 2
3)(i) (− 5) , (𝑖𝑖) ( 5 ) , (𝑖𝑖𝑖) (− 7)

4) Find the smaller one:

(i) 73 𝑜𝑟 37 , (𝑖𝑖)45 𝑜𝑟 54 , (iii) 3100 or 1003

5) Find the exponential form of the following:

−7 −7 −7 −7
(i) 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑏 × 𝑏 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 , (ii) ( 9 ) × ( 9 ) × ( 9 ) × ( 9 ) ,(iii) (-4)×(-4)×(-4)×(-4) ,
 5 5 5 5
(iv) ( ) × ( ) × ( ) × ( ) ,(v) c×c×c×c×(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3)×(-3) ,
4 4 4 4
1 1 1
(vi) 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × (− 4) × (− 4) × (− 4)

6) Find the exponential form of the following:

(i) 343 ,(ii) 3125
7) Represent the given numbers in terms of product of exponential form of prime factor:
(i) 810, (ii) 3200, (iii) 35000 ,(iv)864

8)What is the value of:

4 3 −7 4 3 4 4 3 2 5 9 4 16 2
(i) ( ) , (ii) ( ) , (iii)52 × ( ) × (− ) , (iv) (− ) × (− ) × (− )
5 3 2 5 3 4 27

1
(v) ( ) ÷ (52 − 42 )
3

𝑝 𝑛
9) Represent the following in ( ) form:
𝑞
−125 64 81 −1
(i) 64
, (ii) 729 , (iii) 49 , (iv) 343

10) When m=(-27) and n = 3 ,

𝑚 𝑛 𝑛
Evaluate: (i) (m ÷ n)n , (ii) ( − ) , (iii) (m+n+4)n
𝑛 𝑛

7 56 5 15
11) Find the reciprocal of: (i) (− ) , (ii) (−21)78 , (iii) ( )
10 9

12)Identify the greater one:

(i)2.8 × 1016 𝑜𝑟 2.0 × 10^21 (ii) 3.0005 × 1018 𝑜𝑟 3.005 × 1011

Answers:

1) (i) 1296 , (ii)512 , (iii)256, (iv) (-343), (v) (64), (vi) (-729), (vii) (625) .

2)(i) 800, (ii)625000, (iii)10125, (iv) -2560000, (v)(-12500000), (vi)-800, (vii) 864 .

−8 (−243) 16
3) (i) 125 , (𝑖𝑖) 3125
, (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 49
; 4) (i) 37 , (𝑖𝑖)45 , (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 3100

7 4 5 4 −1 3
5) (i) 𝑎4 𝑏 2 𝑥 3 , (ii) (− 9) , (iii) (-4)4 , (𝑖𝑣) (4) , (𝑣)𝑐 4 (−3)6 , (𝑣)𝑎4 ( 4 )

6)(i) 73, (ii) 55 ; 7)(i)2 × 34 × 5 , (𝑖𝑖)27 × 52 , (𝑖𝑖𝑖)23 × 54 × 7 , (𝑖𝑣)25 × 33

 64 2401 −324 −32 1 −5 3 2 6 9 2 −1 3
8) 125 , (ii) 81
, (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 5
, (𝑖𝑣) 27
, (𝑣) 27 ; 9(i) ( 4 ) , (ii) (3) , (iii) (7) , (iv) ( 7 )

−10 −56 −1 78 9 15
10) (i) (-729) ,(ii) (-1000), (iii) (-8000) ; 11) (𝑖) ( 7
) , (𝑖𝑖) ( )
21
, (𝑖𝑖𝑖) (5)

12) (i) 2.0 × 10^21 , (ii) 3.0005 × 1018 .

TOPIC 2
Laws of Exponents

(a)Multiplication of power when base are same and exponent are different:
ma × mb = ma+b [where, a and b are any natural numbers and, m is a non-zero rational number ]
Similarly, ma × mb × mc = ma+b+c [c is also a natural number]

2 4 2 5
Example 17: (i) 62×65 , (ii) 22×23×28, (iii) ( ) × ( )
7 7

Solution: (i) 62×65 = 62+5 = 67

(ii) 22×23×28 = 22+3+8 = 213

2 4 2 5 2 4+5 2 9
(iii) (7) × (7) = (7) = (7)

(b) Division of power when base are same but exponent are different:
𝑚𝑎
ma ÷ mb = 𝑚𝑏 = ma-b
[where, a and b are any natural numbers (a >b) and, m is a non-zero rational number ]

8 8
Example 18: (i) 718 ÷ 76 , (ii) (-11)8 ÷ (-11)3 , (iii) (3)9÷(3)5
718
(i) 718 ÷ 76 = 76
= 718-6 = 712

118
(ii) (-11)8 ÷ (-11)3 = 113 = 118-3 = 115
 8 9
8 8 ( ) 8 9−5 8 4
(iii) (3)9÷(3)5 = 38 5 = (3) = (3)
( )
3
(c)When exponent is equal to zero:
Example 19: (i) 45 ÷ 45 , (ii) 93 ÷ 93

45
Solution: (i) 45 ÷ 45 = 45 = 45−5 = 40 = 1

93
(ii) 93 ÷ 93 = = 93 = 93−3 = 90 = 1

𝑎𝑛
So, we can write = an-n = a0 = 1
𝑎𝑛
[Where a is a non-zero rational number and n is any of the natural numbers]

(d) Power of the power:

(ma)b = (m)a × b
=(m b)a
[Where a and b are the natural numbers and m is a non-zero rational number]

Example 20: Rewrite the following in exponential form after simplification:

4
(i)(32)4 ,(ii) {(−54 )}5 , (iii) {(5)3}5

Solution: (i)(32)4 = 32×4 = 38

(ii) {(−54 )}5 = (-5)4×5 = (-5)20

4 4 4 15
(iii) {(5)3}5 = (5)3×5 = (5)

(e) Multiplication when exponents are same but base are different:
ma × na = (mn)a
[Where a is any natural number and; m and n may be any of the non-zero rational numbers. ]
Similarly, ma × na × pa = (mnp)a

3 5 −8 5
Example 21: (i) 37 × 47 , (ii) (-5)4 × 24 , (iii) (4) × ( 3 )
Solution: (i) 37 × 47 =(3×4)7 = 127

(ii) (-5)4 × 24 = {(-5) × 2}4 = (-10)4

3 5 −8 5 3 −8 5
(iii) (4) × ( 3 ) = (4 × 3
) = (-2)5
f) Division when exponents are same but base are different:
Type equation here.
𝑚𝑎 𝑚 𝑎
𝑛𝑎
= (𝑛)
[Where a may be any of the natural numbers and, m and n are rational number excluding zero]

𝑚
Example 22: Express the following in 𝑛
form:
2 −3
(i) (3)5 , (ii) ( 7 )3

2 25 (2×2×2×2×2) 32
Solution: (i) (3)5 = 35 = (3×3×3×3×3) = 243

−3 (−3)3 (−3)×(−3)×(−3) −27

(ii) ( 7 )3 = 73
= (7×7×7)
= 343

Example 23: Simplify the following using the laws of exponents and express them in exponential form:

(i) 24 × 27 , (ii) (85 × 83) ÷ 86 , (iii) 510 ÷ 54 , (iv) (93)2 ,(v) 32×52

Solution: (i) 24 × 27 = 24+7 = 211

(85 ×83 )
(ii) (85 × 83) ÷ 86 = 86
= 85+3-6 =82

510
(iii) 510 ÷ 54 = 54
=510-4 =56

(iv) (93)2 = 93×2 =96

(v) 32×52 = (3 × 5)2 =152

34 ×35 × m4 n7
Example 24: Simplify: (𝑖) (23 )5 ÷ {(27)2×23} , (ii) , (iii) 45 × 47 × 712
38 × m4 n3

(iv) (𝑎19 × 𝑏 9 ) ÷ 𝑎10 , (𝑣)93 ÷34 , (vi) (35 × 24 × 9)/(27×42)

23×5 215 215 1

Solution: (𝑖) (23 )5 ÷ {(27)2×23} = = = = =1/4
27×2 ×23 214+3 217 22

34 ×35 × m4 n7
(ii) 38 × m4 n3
= 34+5-8m4-4n7-3 = 31m0n4 = 3n4 [ as, 31 =3 and, m0 =1]

(iii) 45 × 47 × 712 = 45+7 × 712 =412 × 712 = (4×7)12 = 2812

 𝑎 19 ×𝑏9
(iv) (𝑎19 × 𝑏 9 ) ÷ 𝑎10 = 𝑎 10
= 𝑎9 × 𝑏 9 = (𝑎𝑏)9

93 32×3 36
(𝑣)93 ÷34 = = = 34 = 36-4 = 32 = 9
34 34

(35 ×24 ×9) (35 ×24 ×32 )

(vi) (35 × 24 × 9)/ (27×42) = (27×4 2 )
= (33 4 ) [as, 9=32 and,42 = 24 ]
×2
= 35+2-3 × 24-4
=34 × 20 = 81 [as, 20 =1]

Example 25: Represent 784×256 in terms of product of prime factors (in exponential form).
Solution: 784= 7×7×2×2×2×2 =72 × 24
256= 2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2 = 28

∴ 784×256 =72 × 24 × 28 =72 × 24+8 =72 × 212

Example 26: Which one is greater between 2.6×1017 and 1.2×1014 ?

Solution: 2.6×1017 = 26 × 1016 and, 1.2×1014 = 12×1013

26 × 1016 - 12×1013
= 2× 1013 (13 ×103 -6)
= 2× 1013 (13000-6)
= 2× 1013 (12994)
Clearly, 2× 1013 (12994) > 0
=> 26 × 1016 - 12×1013 > 0
∴ 26 × 1016 > 12×1013
Hence, 26 × 1016 is greater than 12×1013 .

Example 27: What is the value of n in each case?

(i)(3𝑛 )2 = (34)2 , (ii) 43 = 45 × (42)n , (iii) 2𝑛−5 × 3𝑛−4 = 648

Solution: (i) (3𝑛 )2 = (34)2

=>32n = 38
On equating exponents we get,
2n=8
∴n=4
(ii) 43 = 45 × (42)n
=>43 =45 ×42n
=>43 = 45+2n
On equating exponents we get,
3 =5+2n
=>2n=3-5
=>n= -2/2
=>n=1

(iii) 2𝑛−5 × 3𝑛−4 = 648

2𝑛 3𝑛
=> 25
× 3 4 = 23 × 34

=>2𝑛 × 3𝑛 = 23 × 34 × 25 × 34

=> (2×3)n =23+5× 34+4

=> (2×3)n =28× 38
=>(2×3)n = (2×3)8
=> n=8 [ pm×pn = pmn]

Exercise 5B

1) Simplify: (i) 53 × 5𝑦 , (𝑖𝑖) (23 )4 × (22)5 , (iii)(-9)2×(-3)2

2) Rewrite the following as product of power:

(i) (5p)6 , (ii) (-7)5

3) Simplify and express in exponential form:

513
(i) 23 × 24 × 26 , (𝑖𝑖)914 ÷ (93 )2 , (iii) (a9÷b12)×b3 , (iv) 52 ×55
(v) {(34)3 × 212}×712

4)When base is taken as 9, what is the exponential form of 3×3×3×3×3×3 ?

35 ×𝑝4 543 723 (2𝑚+1 −2𝑚 )

5)(i) 92 ×𝑝3 , (ii)565 × 524 + 746 × 723 (iii)4𝑏 5 × 32 × 𝑏 8 , (iv) 2𝑚 +2𝑚+1
×3

6) Simplify the following:

183 ×24 ×34 75 ×16×𝑟 9
(i) 93 ×8×42 ×33 , (ii) 144 ×𝑟4 ×𝑟5

7) True or false: 3× 1014 > 5×1012

8)What is the value of n?
3 2 3 3 3 𝑛−3 256 3 256 𝑛+1 16 16
(i) (5) × (5) = (5) , (ii) ( 9
) ×( 9
) = (3) ,

𝑎 3 729 4 0
9) If (𝑏 ) = 64
÷ (9)
𝑎 2
What is the value of (𝑏 ) ?

10) (−5)𝑚−1 = (−5)8 × (−5)(2𝑚+1)

What is the value of m ?

Answers:

1)(i) 53+y , (ii) 222 , (iii) 729 ; 2) (i)56 × p6 , (ii) (-1)5 × 75 ;

𝑎 9
3)(i) 213 , (𝑖𝑖)98 , (𝑖𝑖𝑖) ( ) (𝑖𝑣)56 , (𝑣) 4212 ; 4) 93 ;
𝑏

5)(𝑖)3𝑝 , (𝑖𝑖)26, (𝑖𝑖𝑖)36𝑏13 , (𝑖𝑣)1 ; 6)(i) 3 , (ii) 7 ; 7) True;

8) (i) 8 , (ii) 4 ; 9) 81/16 ; 10) (-10)

TOPIC 3
(a) Expanded form of number :
We know about face value and place value of number. Now we learn, how to express a large number
with the help of place value and face value.

Example 27: In the number 876 find the place value of 7 and face value of 8.
Solution: Place value of 7 is = 7
and, face value of 8 is = 8 × 100 = 800.

Example 28: Express the following number in expanded form/ Expanded exponential form:
(i) 87602 , (ii) 674524
Solution: (i) 87602 in expanded form
= (8 × 10000) + (7 × 1000) + (6 × 100) + (0 × 10) + (2 × 1)
=8×104 + 7×103 + 6×102 + 0×101 + 2×100

(ii) 674524 in expanded form

= (6 × 100000) + (7 × 10000) + (4 × 1000) + (5 × 100) + (2 × 10) + (4 × 1)
=6×105 + 7×104 + 6×103 + 0×102 + 2×101 + 4×100 .
Note: Above process can be said as decimal number system.

b) Scientific notation:
It is not so easy rather say very difficult to write or compare a very large or very small number. We are
feeling very uncomfortable even to read these numbers.
We are 3×100000000000000000000 m away from the Sun. Is it comfortable to read this? I am sure the
answer is no.
For this reason we use scientific notation.
A number is said to be represented in scientific notation, when it is expressed in the form of a decimal
number between 1.0 to 10.0, which is multiplied by the power of 10. This can be said as the number is in
standard form.

Example 29: Represent in Scientific notation:

(i)2450678 , (ii) 32045678

Solution:
(i) According to the above explanation of scientific notation, we have express a large number between
1.0 to 10.0. For doing that, we can write the number, 2450678 as 2.450678. (2.4 is between 1.0 to 10.0)
and multiply 2.450678 to 106.

∴ 2450678 in scientific notation 2.450678 to 106.

(ii) As we can see in (i), we can write 32045678 in scientific notation 3.2045678 × 107

Example 30: What is the usual form of 9.034×1015 ?

Solution: Usual form of 9.034×1015 = 9034000000000000

Exercise 5C

1) Give the numbers whose expanded forms are given:

(i) 2 × 105 + 3 × 104 + 0 × 103 + 0 × 102 + 1 × 101 + 2 × 100 ,
(ii) 5 × 103 + 1 × 102 + 7 × 101 + 2 × 100 ,
(iii) 3 × 104 + 3 × 103 + 1 × 102 + 2 × 101 + 2 × 100

2) Give the expanded exponential form:

(i) 4567002 ,(ii) 76855,(iii) 768546, (iv) 9567554

3)Express the standard form:

(i) 7856765 , (ii)32154000000 ,(iii) 785600000
4) What is the usual form of:
(i) 7.92× 105 , (𝑖𝑖)6.952 × 1015 , (𝑖𝑖𝑖)9.1087 × 109

Answers:

1) (i) 230012 ,(ii) 5172 , (iii) 33122 ;

2)(i) 4 × 106 × 5 × 105 + 6 × 104 + 7 × 103 + 0 × 102 + 0 × 101 + 2 × 100
(ii) 7 × 104 + 6 × 103 + 8 × 102 + 5 × 101 + 5 × 100
(iii) 7 × 105 + 6 × 104 + 8 × 103 + 5 × 102 + 4 × 101 + 6 × 100
(iv) 9 × 106 × 5 × 105 + 6 × 104 + 7 × 103 + 5 × 102 + 5 × 101 + 4 × 100

3) (i) 7.856765 × 106 , (ii) 3.2154×1010 , (iii) 7.856×108

4)(i) 792000 ,(ii) 6952000000000000 , (iii) 9108700000

Miscellaneous questions:

1
1)(i) [{(− 9)2}-2]-1 , (ii) 50 + 90 , (iii) (40÷30) × 2 , (iv) (-5)0
2) Express as a rational number:
−7 6 −1
(i) (3-1 +5-1)-1 , (ii) (1/6)-5 , (iii) { 6 + (5) )}-1

3) If ‘a’ is multiplied with (-5)-1 ,the result is (8)-1 .Find the value of ‘a’?
4 15 4 −6 4 𝑛−3
4) (9) ÷ (9) = (9)
What is the value of ‘n’?
5) (32)3 =?

6) (−1)101 + (−1)102 + (−1)103 + (−1)104 + ⋯ … … + (−1)200 =?

7) (2+4+6+8+12)4/5 =?

𝑎
8) Find the value of difference of 𝑏
and its reciprocal when ,
a=33 - 3-3 and b= -33+3-3 .

9) If 2xyz =1.
Find the value of (byz)x +(bzx)y +(bxy)z .

10)22n = 82 , 2(n+1)/2 =?
11) (64 + 62 -1)1/3 =?