EXPONENTS AND POWERS

WORKSHEET SOLUTIONS

(iv) 3 × 44 = 3 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4
FORMATIVE WORKSHEET = 3 × 256 = 768
(v) 0 × 102 = 0 × 10 × 10 = 0
1. (i) 26 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 64
(vi) 52 × 33 = 5 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3
(ii) 93 = 9 × 9 × 9 = 729
(iii) 112 = 11 × 11 = 121 = 25 × 27 = 675
(iv) 54 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 625 (vii) 24 × 32 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
2. (i) 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 = 64 = 16 × 9 = 144
(ii) t × t = t2 (viii) 3 × 104 = 3 × 3 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
2

(iii) b × b × b × b = b4 = 9 × 10000 = 90000

(iv) 5 × 5 × 7 × 7 × 7 = 52 × 73 7. 3
(i) (–4) = (–4) × (–4) × (–4) = –64
(v) 2 × 2 × a × a = 22 × a2 (ii) (–3) × (–2)3 = (–3) × (–2) × (–2) × (–2)
(vi) a × a × a × c × c × c × c × d = a3 c4 d = 24
3. (i) 512 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 =29 (iii) (–3)2 × (–5)2 = (–3) × (–3) × (–5) × (–5)
(ii) 343 = 7 × 7 × 7 = 73 = 9 × 25 = 225
(iii) 729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 36 3 3
(iv) (–2) × (–10) = (–2) × (–2) × (–2) ×
(iv) 3125 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 55
(–10) × (–10) × (–10)
4. (i) 43 = 4 × 4 × 4 = 64
34 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 81 = (–8) × (–1000) = 8000
Therefore, 34 > 43 8. (i) 2.7 × 1012; 1.5 × 108
(ii) 53 = 5 × 5 × 5 =125 2.7 × 1012 > 1.5 × 108
35 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 243 (ii) 4 × 1014; 3 × 1017
Therefore, 35 > 53 3 × 1017 > 4 × 1014
(iii) 28 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 256 9. (i) 32 × 34 × 38 = (3)2 + 4 + 8 (am × an = am+n)
82 = 8 × 8 = 64 = 314
Therefore, 28 > 82 (ii) 615 ÷ 610 = (6)15 – 10 (am ÷ an = am–n) = 65
(iv) 1002 or 2100 (iii) a3 × a2 = a(3 + 2) (am × an = am+n) = a5
210 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × (iv) 7x + 72 = 7x + 2 (am × an = am+n)
2 = 1024
(v) (52)3 ÷ 53
2100 = 1024 × 1024 × 1024 × 1024 ×1024
= 52 × 3 ÷ 53 (am)n = amn
× 1024 × 1024 × 1024 ×1024 × 1024
1002 = 100 × 100 = 10000 = 5 6 ÷ 53
Therefore, 2100 > 1002 = 5(6 – 3) (am ÷ an = am–n)
(v) 210 and 102 = 53
210 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × (vi) 25 × 55
2 = 1024 = (2 × 5)5 [am × bm = (a × b)m]
102 = 10 × 10 = 100 = 105
Therefore, 210 > 102 (vii) a4 × b4
5. (i) 648 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 23. 34 = (ab)4 [am × bm = (a × b)m]
(ii) 405 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 34 . 5 (viii) (34)3 = 34 × 3 = 312 (am)n = amn
(iii) 540 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 22. 33. 5 (ix) (220 ÷ 215) × 23
(iv) 3600 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
= (220 – 15) × 23 (am ÷ an = am–n)
= 24 . 3 2 . 5 2
= 25 × 2 3
6. (i) 2 × 103 = 2 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 2 × 1000
= 2000 = (25 + 3) (am × an = am+n)
(ii) 72 × 22 = 7 × 7 × 2 × 2 = 49 × 4 = 196 = 28
(iii) 23 × 5 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 = 8 × 5 = 40 (x) 8t ÷ 82 = 8(t – 2) (am ÷ an = am–n)
30 7th Class Mathematics
10. (i)
 a5  8 5 3 8
23  34  4 2 2  34  2  2 23  34  22 (x)  a 3   a  a  a (am ÷ an = am–n)
   
3  32 3 2 2 2 2 2 3  25
=a2 ×a8
23  2  34 = a2+8 = a10 (am × an = am+n)
 (am + an = am+n)
3  25 45  a 8 b3 5 5 8 5 3 2
(xi) 5 5 2  4  a  b
25  34 4 a b
 (am ÷ an = am–n)
3  25
= 25–5 × 34–1 (am  an = am+n) 4 × a × b = 1 × a × b = a 3b
0 3 1 3

2
= 2023 = 1 × 33 =33 (xii) (23 × 2)2 =  2  (am × an = am+n)
31

(ii) [(52)3 × 54] ÷ 57

= [52 × 3 × 54] ÷ 57 (am)n = amn = (24)2 = 24 × 2 (am)n = amn
= [56 × 54] ÷ 57 = 28
= [56 + 4] ÷ 57 (am × an = am+n) 11. (i) 10 × 1011 = 10011
= 510 ÷ 57 L.H.S. = 10 × 1011 = 1011 + 1
= 510 – 7 (am ÷ an = am–n) (am × an = am+n)
12
= 53 = 10
(iii) 254 ÷ 53 = (5 × 5)4 ÷ 53 R.H.S. = 10011 = (10 ×10)11= (102)11
= (52)4 ÷ 53 = 102 × 11 = 1022 (am)n = amn
= 52 × 4 ÷ 53 (am)n = amn As L.H.S.  R.H.S.,
= 5 8 ÷ 53 Therefore, the given statement is false.
= 58 – 3 (am ÷ an = am–n) (ii) 23 > 5 2
= 55 L.H.S. = 23 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
R.H.S. = 52 = 5 × 5 = 25
3  7 2  118 3  7 2  118 As 25 > 8,
(iv) 
21  113 3  7  113 Therefore, the given statement is false.
= 31–1 × 72–1 ×118–3 (am ÷ an = am–n) (iii) 23 × 3 2 = 6 5
0 1 5
= 3 × 7 × 11 L.H.S. = 23 × 32 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 72
= 55 R.H.S. = 65 = 7776
= 1 × 7 × 115 = 7 × 115 As L.H.S.  R.H.S.,
Therefore, the given statement is false.
37 37
(v) 4 3
 43 (am × an = am+n) (iv) 30 = (1000)0
3 3 3 L.H.S. = 30 = 1
37 R.H.S. = (1000)0 = 1 = L.H.S.
 7
 37  7 (am ÷ an = am–n) Therefore, the given statement is true.
3
12. (i) 108 × 192
=30 = 1
= (2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3)×(2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
(vi) 20 + 30 + 40 = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
× 2 × 3)
(vii) 20 × 30 × 40 = 1 × 1 × 1 = 1
= (22 × 33) × (26 × 3)
(viii) (30 + 20) × 50 = (1 + 1) × 1 = 2
= 26 + 2 × 33 + 1 (am × an = am+n)
28  a 5 28  a 5 28  a 5 = 28 × 3 4

(ix) 43  a 3  2  2 3  a 3 22 3  a 3 (ii) 270 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 2 × 33 × 5
  (iii) 729 × 64 = (3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3) × (2 ×
2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2)
28  a 5
  a m n  a mn  = 36 × 2 6
2  a
23 3
  (iv) 768 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
= 28 × 3
28  a 5

26  a 3
= 28–6 × a5–3 (am ÷ an = am–n)
= 2 × a = (2 × a) [am × an = (a × b)m]
2 2 2

= (2a)2
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Exponents and Powers 31
16. (i) 50000000 = 5 × 107
5 2
2   73

252  73   a m n  a mn  (ii) 7000000 = 7 × 106
13. (i)
 2  2  2   7  
3 3
8 7 (iii) 3186500000 = 3.1865 × 109
(iv) 390878 = 3.90878 × 105
210  73 210  73
   a m n  a mn  (v) 39087.8 = 3.90878 × 104
3 3
2  7 233  7  
(vi) 3908.78 = 3.90878 × 103
17. (a) 3.84 × 108 m
210  73
  210  731 (am ÷ an = am–n) (b) 3 × 108 m/s
29  7
= 21 × 72 = 2 × 7 × 7 = 98 (c) 1.2756 × 107 m
(d) 1.4 × 109 m
25  52  t 8 5  5  52  t 8
(ii)  (e) 1 × 1011 stars
103  t 4 3
 5  2  t 4 (f) 1.2 × 1010 years
(a×b)m = (am×bm) (g) 3 × 1020 m
511 2  t 8 (h) 6.023 × 1022
 (am × an = am+n)
53  23  t 4 (i) 1.353 × 109 cubic km
54  t 8 54  3  t 8  4 m (j) 1.027 × 109
  (a ÷ an =am–n)
53  23  t 4 23
CONCEPTIVE WORKSHEET
51  t 8 5t 4
 
2 2 2 8 1. (i) 3125 = 5 625
5 5 =5 5 125
35  105  25 3   2  5   5  5
(iii)  =5 5 5 25
57  6 5 57  25  35
=5 5 5 5 5
35  25  55  52
 m m
(a × b) = (a × b ) m = 55
57  25  35
343
35  25  55 2 (ii)
 7 5 5 m
(a × a = a n m+n
) 1331
5  2 3
– 343 = –7 49
35  25  57 = –7 –7 –7
 7 5 5
5  2 3 1331 = 11 121
= 35–5×25–5×77–7 (am ÷ an =am–n)
0 0 0 = 11 11 11
1
= 3 × 2 × 5 = 1 × 1 × 1 =1
14. 279404 = 2 × 105 + 7 × 104 + 9 × 103 + 4 × 343 7  7  7
102 + 0 × 101 + 4 × 100 
1331 11 11 11
3006194 = 3 × 106 + 0 × 105 + 0 × 104 + 6 ×
103 + 1 × 102 + 9 × 101 + 4 × 100 73
3
 7 
2806196 = 2 × 106 + 8 × 105 + 0 × 104 + 6 ×  ;  ;
113  11 
103 + 1 × 102 + 9 × 101 + 6 × 100
120719 = 1 × 105 + 2 × 104 + 0 × 103 + 7 × m
102 + 1 × 101 + 9 × 100 am  a 
Since  
20068 = 2 × 104 + 0 × 103 + 0 × 102 + 6 × 101 bm  b 
+ 8 × 100 (iii) a3 + b3 + 3a2b + 3ab2
15. (a) 8 × 104 + 6 × 103 + 0 × 102 + 4 × 101 + 5
= (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2) + 3ab(a + b)
× 100 = 86045
(b) 4 × 105 + 5 × 103 + 3 × 102 + 2 × 100 = (a + b)(a2 + 2ab + b2)
= 405302 = (a + b)(a2 + 2ab + b2)
(c) 3 × 104 + 7 × 102 + 5 × 100 = 30705 = (a + b)(a + b)2
(d) 9 × 105 + 2 × 102 + 3 × 101 = 900230 = (a + b)3
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32 7th Class Mathematics
2. (i) (729)2/6 3. 3
64 = (64)1/3
729 = 3 × 243
1
= 3 × 3 × 81 Since n
a  a n
= 3 × 3 × 3 × 27
=3×3×3×3×9 64 = 4 16
= 36 =4 4 4
(729)2/6 = (36)2/6 = 43
= 36 2/3 1

Since (am)n = amn

3
64   43  3 since (am)n = amn;
= 32 = 9 1
 43 3 ; = 4

1/ 4
 256 
(ii)   1
 625  = (3125)1/5 since n
a  a n
256 = 4 64 3125 = 5 625
=4 4 16 = 5 5 125
=4 4 4 4 = 5 5 5 25
= 44 = 5 5 5 5 5
625 = 5 125 = 55
=5 5 25
= (3125)1/5 = (3125)1/5
=5 5 5 5
= 54 1
= 55 5 since (am)n = amn
1/ 4 1/ 4
 256   44  =5
    ;
 625   54  1 1
3
729   729  3 since n
a  a n
1/ 4 1
4x  1
  4 4  4 4 4 729 = 3 243
=     ;   ;   =3 3 81
 5   5 5
=3 3 3 27
1
=3 3 3 3 9
1
 1 3
 =3 3 3 3 3 3
(iii)  4
64  3
   64  4 
  = 36
1 1

 n 1 3
729   729  3   36  3
 Since a  a 
 n = 36 1/3 since(am)n = amn
1 1 = 32
  64  4

3 (Since (am)n = amn); =9
1 1

 64 12
4
1296  1296  4
64 = 2 32 1296 = 2 648
=2 2 16 =2 2 324
=2 2 2 8 =2 2 2 162
=2 2 2 2 4 =2 2 2 2 81
=2 2 2 2 2 2 =2 2 2 2 3 27
= 26 =2 2 2 2 3 3 9
1 1 =2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
 64 12   26 12 = 24 34
= (2 3)4 since an bn = (ab)n
1
2
6
12 since (am)n = amn; = 64
1
2  2 2

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Exponents and Powers 33

1 1
1 1 1
4
1296  1296  4   6 4  4  q r
 p r
 q
6. x x x x x xp
1 p
 p 1 q
 q 1 
4
1
mn mn x x x x xr xr
 6 since (a ) = a
4

=6 1 1 1
 p q r
 q p r
 r
In ascensding order = 4 < 5 < 6 < 9 = x x x x x x x  xq  xp
xp xq xr
4
64  5 3125  3 729  4 1296
In descending order = 9 > 6 > 5 > 4 = xp xq xr
  
4
1296  3 729  5 3125  3 64 x p  x q  x r x p  x q  x r x p  xq  x r
4. Express the following numbers as a product of x p  xq  x r
prime factors in the exponential notation  1
x p  xq  x r
(i) 14553 (ii) 8281 (iii) 3456?
7. 3n = 729
Sol: (i) 14553 = 3 × 4851
= 3 × 243
= 3 × 3 × 1617
= 3 × 3 ×3 × 539 = 3 × 3 × 81
= 3 × 3 ×3 ×7 × 77 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 27
= 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 × 11 = 3×3×3×3×9
= 33 × 32 ×11 = 3×3×3×3×3×3
(ii) 8281 = 7 × 1183 n
3 = 36
= 7 ×7 ×169 n=6
= 7 × 7 ×13 ×13 (i) 3n – 3 = 36 - 3, 33 = 3 3 3 = 27
= 33 × 72 ×11 (ii) 3n + 8 = 3-6 + 8, 32 = 3 3 = 9
(iii) 3456 = 2 × 1728 (iii) 3n/2 = 36/2 = 3 3 3 = 9
= 2 × 2 × 864
42 42 42
= 2 × 2 × 2 ×432 (iv)  3n  36   36  36  36
6
36
 37
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×216
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×2 × 108 Since(am)n = amn
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×2 × 2 × 54 8. 64x + 2 = 16x + 1 = 4y
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 27 3 x2 x 1

= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 9 ×9
4    42   4y

= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 ×3 43x + 6 = 42x + 2 = 4y
= 27 × 33 3x + 6 = y 2x + 2 = y
a 2
 ab  b 2
 b 2
 bc  c 2
 3x - y = -6 ------(1) 2x - y = -2 ------(2)
5.   x a b    x bc 
Solve (1) & (2)
c 2
 ac  a 2  3x - y = - 6
  x c a 
2x - y = - 2
 a  b   a 2  ab  b2   b  c   b2  bc  c2   c  a  c2  ac  a 2 
x x x - + +
3
________
 b3 3
 c3 3
a3
 xa  xb  xc
x =-4
Since (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2 ) = a3 – b3
3
x = -4 in (1)
 b3 3
 c3 3
a3
 xa  xb  xc -12 - y = -6
Since am × an = am+n y = -12 + 6 = -6
= x0 Since a0 = 1
=1

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34 7th Class Mathematics

9. (i) (-1)500 = (-1) (-1 ) ...... 500 times 243

= 1(If 500 is even number) 15. 
3125
(ii) (-1)2001 = (-1) (-1) .... 2001 times
= -1 (If 2001 is odd number) 5 5
0 0 
 3  3 
 
25 12  10 5
(iii)   5  5 
50 5
16. 60.2× 2160.62 = 130068.12
1  1
 25  Since a0 = 1
n 1/ 3
5 17. 3   814
2
 25  n
4
5  3 3   34 
=5 2
= 10 n
 3 3  316
(iv)
1001 0
 10020   10030 
20010  20020  20030 n
  16
3
1  1  1
 n = 48
1 1 1
18. (73)x+1 = (72)x+21
1
 73x + 3 = 72x + 42
3
3x +3 = 2x + 42
5 1 2 6 6 3
2   2   2  x = 42 – 3
(v) 4 5 6 3 3/ 2 2
3   3   3  x = 39
Since (am)n = amn x ac x ba x cb
19.   1
25  212  218 x bc x ca x ab

320  318  33 20. 5–2, 3–3, 2–5, 4–4
25  12  18 21. i  b, ii  c, iii  a
 Since am an = amn
320  18  3 22. i  b, ii  a, iii  d
2
 SUMM ATIVE WORKSHEET
3
10. (i) 3.84 108m
1. The solution of 21 = 2
(ii) 3 1012 m
(iii) 1.353 109 cubic km Therefore, the point on the number line is 'F'
(iv) 7 10-4mm The correct answer is B.
(v) 1.6 10-19 columb 2. 26 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 64
11. (a – b)3
12. (a + b + c)2 34 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 81
13. 1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1 = 9 43 = 4 × 4 × 4 = 64
Correct Answer is none. 62 = 6 × 6 = 36
1 1 1 1 34  33  32  3  1  36 < 64 < 81
14. 1   2  3  4 
3 3 3 3 34  62 < 26 = 43 < 34
81  27  9  3  1 121 Thus, among the given exponents, 34 is the
 
81 81 greatest.
The correct answer is B.
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Exponents and Powers 35

3. 2710 – 2435 = (33)10 – (35)5 7. The number 10800 can be factorised as:
3×10 5×5
=3 –3 2 10800
= 330 – 325
2 5400
= 35 + 25 – 325
2 2700
= 35 × 325 – 325
2 1350
= 325 (35 – 1)
= 325 (243 – 1) 3 675
= 325 × 242 3 225
= 325 × 2 × 11 × 11 3 75
= 21 × 325 × 112 5 25
Thus, the given expression can be prime
5 5
factorised as 21 × 325 × 112.
It can be observedseen that the greatest prime 1
factor is 11.
 10800 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
The correct answer is C. = 24 × 33 × 52
4. The number 6000 can be prime factorised as: Thus, the number 10800 can be expressed in
6000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 the form of exponents as 24 × 33 × 52.
= 2 4 × 3 1 × 53 = 4 2 × 31 × 5 3 = 31 × 4 2 × 53 The correct answer is D.
8. The number 360 can be factorised as:
Comparing a1 × b2 × c3 = 31 × 42 × 53,:
a = 3, b = 4, c = 5 2 360

 a × b × c = 3 × 4 × 5 = 60 2 180
Thus, the value of a × b × c is 60. 2 90
The correct answer is B.
3 45
5. 3x+1 × 4x = 3x × 31 × 4x [am × an = am+n]
3 15
= 3 × 3x × 4x
= 3 × (3 × 4)x [am × bm = (ab)m] 5 5

= 3 × 12x 1
Thus, the given expression is an equivalent form  360 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 23 × 32 × 5
of the expression, 3 × 12x. Thus, the prime factorisation of 360 is 23 × 32 ×
The correct answer is A. 5.
6. 523 + 523 + 523 + 523 + 523 = 5x The correct answer is C.
 5 × (523) = 5x 9. The given distance can be expressed in the
standard form as:
 51 × 523 = 5x
77,80,00,000 = 7.78 × 10,00,00,000 = 7.78 ×108
 51+23 = 5x [am × an = am+n]
The correct answer is A.
 524 = 5x 10. 90252 = 90000 + 200 + 50 + 2
90252 = 9 × 10000 + 2 × 100 + 5 × 10 + 2 × 1
 a m  a n  a  0, 1 
 x = 24   90252 = 9 × 104 + 2 × 102 + 5 × 101 + 2 × 100
 m  n 
The correct answer is A.
Thus, the value of x is 24.
The correct answer is A.
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36 7th Class Mathematics
11. – (–3) × (–3) × (–3) × (–3) 18. 5w × 7x × 2y × 3z = 363 × 352 × 302 ×21
– (–3) × (–3) × (–3) × (–3) = (33 × 23 × 33 × 23) × (72 × 52) × (52 × 22 × 32) × (7
– (–3) × (–3) × (–3) × (–3) × 3)
= – (–3)4 – (–3)4 – (–3)4 = 33 + 3 + 2 + 1 × 2 3 + 3 + 2 × 5 2 + 2 × 7 2 + 1
= (–3)4 (– 1 – 1 – 1) = 3 9 × 2 8 × 5 4 × 73
= (–3)4 (–3)
Since 3, 2, 5 and 7 are all prime numbers.
– (–3)5
The correct answer is A. y=8
12. 32 + 33 + 34 + 35 The correct answer is D.
= 3 2 + 3 2 × 3 + 3 2 × 3 2 + 32 × 33 19. 7x × 9y × 4z = 144 × 68
= 32 (1 + 3 + 32 + 33)  7 x × 9 y × 4z = 74 × 2 4 × 38 × 28
= 32(1 + 3 + 9 + 27)  7 x × 9 y × 4z = 7 4 × 94 × 46
= 32(40)  z=6
= 32 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5
The correct answer is C.
= 3 2 × 23 × 5
The correct answer is C. 20. Result after first hop = 1
13. 0.63 = 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.6 = 0.216 Result after second hop = 1 × 2 = 2
The correct answer is A. Result after third hop = 2 × 2 = 22
7 0
.
14.
3   35 .
32 Result after 61st hop = 260
370  35 Result after 62nd hop = 261
= [(am)n = amn] Result after 63rd hop = 262
32
 Final result
30  35
= result after the 63rd hop 262
32 =  60  22  4
st
result after the 61 hop 2
1  35
=  a 0  1 a  0  The correct answer is B.
32
21. Number of bacteria at the end of the first day
 am m n  = 3.27 × 103
=3 5–2  n a 
a  Number of bacteria at the end of the second day
The correct answer is B. = 10 × 3.27 × 103
15. (–2)6 = (–1 × 2)6 = 3.27 × 104
= (–1)6 × 26 [(a × b)m = am × bm)] Number of bacteria at the end of the third day
= 1 × 26 [(–1)even number = 1] = 10 × 3.27 × 104 = 3.27 × 105
=2×2×2×2×2×2 Number of bacteria at the end of the fourth day
=4×4×4 = 10 × 3.27 × 105 = 3.27 × 106
= 43
Number of bacteria at the end of the fifth day
The correct answer is A.
16. 25 + 3 × 25 + 27 = 10 × 3.27 × 106 = 3.27 × 107
= 25 + 3 × 25 + 25 ×22 = 32,700,000
= 25 (1 + 3 + 22) The correct answer is C.
= 25 (1 + 3 + 4) 22. To express the given number in standard form, the
= 25 . 8 decimal point needs to be moved seven places to
= 25. 23 the right. Thus, the number
= 28 9.387 2 × 107can be expressed in standard form as
The correct answer is A. 93,872,000.
17. 24 × (2 × 12) × (4 × 6) × (8 × 3) × (3 × 4 × 2) The correct answer is D.
= 24 × 24 × 24 × 24 × 24
= 245
The correct answer is D.
www.beiitians.com
Exponents and Powers 37

23. The given expression is (4x3 + 5y2)2

213  104
28.
1 1 152  8  343
When x  and y   , the expression
2 2 3 4
becomes: 
 3  7    2  5
2
2  3  5   23  7 3
  1 3 2
 1 
 4     5     
 2  2  33  73  24  54
 [(ab)m = am × bm]
32  5 2  23  7 3
2
 1 1 m n m n
  4  5  = 33–2 × 73–3 × 24–3 × 54–2  a  a  a 
 8 4
= 31 × 70 × 21 × 52
2
2 5
   = 3 × 1 × 2 × 25  a 0  1 a  0 
4 4
= 150
2
7 72 Thus, the value of the given expression is 150.
   2
4 4 The correct answer is C.

49
 HOTS WORKSHEET
16
The correct answer is B. 1. The mass of the planet Venus is approximately
24. [(6)12 ×(35)28×(15)16]/ 4,869,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg.
[(3)16×(5)43×(14)12× (21)11×(7)4] Any number can be expressed as a decimal
number between 1.0 and 10.0, including 1.0,
= [(3 × 2)12 (7 × 5)28 × (5 × 3)16]/
multiplied by a power of 10. The obtained form
[(3)16 × (5)43 × (7 × 2)12 × (7 × 3)11 × (7)4] is called the standard form.
= [312 × 212 × 728 × 528 × 516 × 316]/ The number 4,869,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
[316 × 543 × 712 × 212 × 711 × 311 × 74] kg can be written in standard form as
= (728×328×544×212)/(327×543×727×212) = 7×3×5 4,869,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg
Hence there are three prime factors = 4869 × 1021 kg
The correct answer is D. = 4.869 × 103 × 1021 kg
25. [aK + 4 – a × aK]/[a × a(K + 3)] + (1/a)3 = 4.869 × 1024 kg
= aK × a4 – a × aK]/aK + 4 + (1/a)3 The correct answer is C.
= [aK(a 4–a)/[aK×a 4]+(1/a)3=[(54–5)/54]+(1/5)3 2.
= [(53 – 1)/53] + (1/5)3 5 156 25
= (124/125) + (1/125) = 125/125 = 1 5 312 5
The correct answer is A. 5 625
26. 64 × 256 × 1 024 = 4x 5 125
5 25
 4 3 × 4 4 × 45 = 4x
5 5
 4 3 + 4 + 5 = 4x  412 = 4x 1
So x =12
(–5)6 = (–1 × 5)6 = (–1)6 × 56 [(ab)m = am × bm]
The correct answer is C.
= 1 × 15625 = 15625
27.     34 + 43  81 + 64  145 –15625  (–5)6
The correct answer is B. Thus, alternative C is incorrectly matched.
The correct answer is C.

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38 7th Class Mathematics

2 3 5. The given number is 21384. It can be factor-

5   1 
3. 122  52   13   
 5
ized as

2 21384
 5 
2
13  a m a m  2 10692
 144  25       m  2 5346
132 53  b  b 
3 2673
2 3 891
 169 
 1 5  
1 3 297
169 53 3 99
3 33
2 1 11 11
  1  52  [(ab)m = am × bm]
53 1

1
 1 3 2
 a m  a n  a m  n   21384 = 2× 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 11 1
5 =2 1+1+1
×3 1+1+1+1+1 m n m+n
× 11 ( a × a = a )
= 23 × 35 × 11
1 Comparing 23 × 55 × 11 with x × 2y × y5, it is

5 observed that x = 11 and y = 3
The correct answer is C. Thus, the value of x and y are 11 and 3
respectively.
5 3 The correct answer is D.
 2p    3q   62  5
4. 2 2
2
10p   3pq   36 18a   5b   2b 
6. The given expression 2 can
 5a   32   36b 
5 3


 2  p    3  q   62  5 be simplified as
2 2 [(ab)m = (a×b)m]
2  5  p  3  p  q    6 2 2
18a   5b   2b 
2

25  p5  33  q3  62  5
 5a   32   36b 

2  5  p  32  p 2  q 2  6 2 182 a 2  5b  22 b 2
 2 [(ab)m = ambm]
5 3 2 5 3
5 2 a 2 2   3  6   b
2 3 6 5 p q
 (am×an = am+n)
2  32  5  62  p2 1  q 2 182  5  22 b 2 1
 2
5 2 a 2 2   3  6   b
= 25–1×33–2 ×62–2×51–1×p5–3×q3–2
[am × an = am+n , am  an = am – n]
 a m  a n  a m  n 
182  5  22 b3
4 0 0 2 
=2 ×3×6 ×5 ×p ×q 52 a 0  182  b
= 24 × 3 × 1 × 1 × p 2 × q 182 2  22  b31
  a 0  1 a  0  
= 16 × 3 × p2q 521  1
= 48p2q 180  22  b 2 1 4  b 2 4b 2
  
Thus, the required expression is 48p2q . 51 5 5
The correct answer is D. The correct answer is A.

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Exponents and Powers 39

7. 5020016.308 can be written as 10. For negative integers x and y, the value of the
5020016.308 expression (xn × yn) will always be positive.
= 5000000 + 20000 + 10 + 6 + 0.3 + 0.008 This is because the product of two negative in-
3 8 tegers is a positive integer.
= 5×106+2×104+1×10+6×1+  For example, (–2)4 × (–5)4 = [(–2)×(–5)]4
10 1000 = 104 = 10000, which is positive.
= 5×10 +2×10 +1×10 +6×100+3×10–1+8×10–3
6 4 1
The correct answer is C.
(100 = 1) 3 4 5
204  54  65  2   20  5   2  3 2
3
The correct answer is A.     3
11. 1004  43  32 3

243  94  8  a 5 b6
3 1004   22   32 3
8.
122  162  81  a 3 b 2 1004  25  35  23

3
1004  223  32  33
2 4


 2  3   3   2  a
3 3 5
 b6 25  35  23
 6 2 3
2 4 2
 2  3   2   3  a
2 4 3
 b2 2 3 3
25  3  35
 6 23
3 3 4
2 3

2   33   32   23  a 5  b6
28  35
2 2 2
 6 5
2   32   24   34  a 3  b2 2 3
[(x×y)m = xm × ym] = 28–6 × 35–5
= 22 ×30
29  33  38  23  a 5  b6   x m  n  x mn  =4×1
  
24  32  28  34  a 3  b 2 =4
The correct answer is B.
29  3  338  a 5  b6 12. 2×(25)2 = 2 × 25×2 = 2× 22×5 = 2 × (22)5
 [xm × xn = xm+n]
24 8  32  4  a 3  b 2
 2  45  410
12 11
2 3 a  b 5 6 The correct answer is A.
 3 2
212  36  a 3  b 2 18ab2   3a    4b 
13. 2
 xm m n 
12a 2   ab2 
= 212–12 × 311–6 × a5–3 × b6–2  n x 
x 3 2
 2  9  a  b 2   3  a    22  b 
= 20 × 3 5 × a 2 × b 4 [x0 = 1]  2
4  3  a 2   a  b2 
= 243a2b4
2
The correct answer is B. 2  32  a  b 2  33  a 3   22   b 2
9. The given number is 945 × 100.  2
The numbers 945 and 100 can be prime 22  3  a 2  a 2   b 2 
factorised as 2  32  a  b 2  33  a 3  222  b 2
3 945 
2 100 22  3  a 2  a 2  b 22
3 315
2 50 2  3  a  b 2  33  a 3  24  b 2
2
3 105 
5 25 22  3  a 2  a 2  b 4
5 35
7 7 5 5 21 4  32  3  a13  b 2 2
and 
1 1 22  3  a 2  2  b 4
2  35  a 4  b4
5
945 =3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 and 100=2 × 2 × 5 × 5  2
945 × 100 =(3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7)×(2 × 2 × 5 × 5) 2  3  a 4  b4
= (2 × 2) × (3 × 3 × 3) × (5 × 5 × 5) × 7 = 25–2 × 35–1 × a4–4 × b4–4
= 2 2 × 3 3 × 53 × 7 = 23 × 3 4 × a 0 × b 0
Thus, 945 × 100 can be further expanded as = 8 × 81 × 1 × 1
22 × 33 × 53 × 7. = 648
The correct answer is A. The correct answer is D.

www.beiitians.com
40 7th Class Mathematics
4 3
184  63  25  2  3    2  3  2
3 3
4 2 5
 25  42  24
14.    16. 
 36  1402 34  65  24 5
34   2  3  24
3 3 4
 52   2  3  7    3  8  4
24   32   23  33  25
 2   7
6   4  5  7 
34  25  35  24
2 3 3 4 2  32 4  23  33  25
4


5   2  3  7   3  2 
3 3 3

2 3 2 34  25  35  24
6  2  5  7 2
24  38  23  33  25
2 3 3 4


5   2  3  7   2  3 3 3
34  25  35  24
4+3+5–5–4
3 =2 × 38 + 3 – 4 –5
2 2
 2  3 
 
2   5  7
2 2 2
3 2
= 2 × 3 = 8 × 9 = 72
3 4
The correct answer is C.
5 2  3  7  3  2 
23 3 3 3 4

  984  213  242  43

23 2 2 17.
 2  3 2   5  7 2 2
710  482  123
4 3 2 3


56

23  33  73  34  212  2  49    3  7   8  3   22 
6 
 2  3 24  52  72 2
710  16  3   4  3
3

56 23  33  73  34  212 2 4 2
  2  7   33  73   23  3  223
26  36 2 4  52  7 2  2 3
312
5 2  3  73
6 3 4 710   24  3   22  3
 6  46 2 2 4 2
3 2 5 7 24   7 2   33  73   23   32  26
5 215  37  73
6
 2 3
 6  10 2 2 710   24   32   22   33
3 2 5 7
= 56–2 × 215 – 10 × 37 – 6 × 73 – 2 24  7 2 4  33  73  232  32  26
= 5 4 × 2 5 × 3 1 × 71 
710  242  32  223  33
= 5 4 × 2 4 × 21 × 2 1 × 71
24  78  33  73  26  32  26
= (5 × 2)4 × (2 × 3 × 7) = 104 × 421 
Comparing 104 × 421 with 10x × y1, we get x = 4 710  28  32  26  33
4 6 6
and y = 42. 2  78 3  33 2
 10 8 6 2  3
The correct answer is C. 7 2 3
8 6 11 2  711  35
16

278  96  27  811  3    3   2   2 
3 2 7 3
 10 14 5
15.  7 2 3
3616  25  32  18  4  9 16  25  32   2  9  = 216–14 × 711–10 × 35–5
338 326  27  2311 = 22 × 71 ×30
 16 = 4 × 7 ×1
2 2
 32   25  32  2  32 = 28
324 312  27  233 The correct answer is C.

2 16 2 16 3610 6320  3  239
 2   3   25  32  2  32 18. 
99  164 2819  340
324 312  27  233 10 20

2216  3216  25  32  2  32 
9  4 
 9  7   3  239
4 19
324 312  27  233 99   42   4  7   340
 32 32 5 2
2  3  2  3  2  32 910  410 920  7 20  3  239
  19 19 40
324 12  27  33 99  42 4 4 7 3
 32  51 32  2 2
2 3 2 20
910  410  3   7  3  2
20 39
36 40
3 2  9 8 
 38 36  336 36  240 38 19
2 3
9 4  22   719  340
= 30 ×22 = 1 × 4 = 4
The correct answer is C.
www.beiitians.com
Exponents and Powers 41

3220  720  31  239 ` 236  318 518 236

 910  9  410 8    
2219  719  340 234  314 518 224  210
340 1  720  239 236
 9  42  38 19 40  236 34  31814  51818  24 10
2 7 3 2
= 9 × 16 + 341–40 × 720–19 × 239–38 2 36

= 144 + 31 ×71 × 21  22  34  50  34
2
= 144 + 3 × 7 × 2 = 4 × 81 + 1 + 236 –34
= 144 + 42 = 324 + 1 + 22
= 186 = 325 + 4
The correct answer is B. = 329
812  99 259 169 The correct answer is A.
19.  
417  314 1256 224  322 20. 2 × 106 = 200 × 104
3 12 2 9 2 9 4 9 1.19 × 104 = 1.19 × 104

 2   3   5  
2  3.2623 × 105 = 32.623 × 104
2 17 3 6 5 2
 2   3 5  14
2  2 
24
1.41 × 106 = 141 × 104
Now, 200×104>141×104>32.623×104 >1.19× 104
2312  329 529 249 Thus, the given numbers can be written in
  36
 24 52
2 17
2   314 5 2 2 descending order as:
2 × 106 > 1.41 × 106 > 3.2623 × 105 > 1.19 × 104
The correct answer is A.

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KEY

Q.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Ans B D C D D C B C

Q.No. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Ans B, D A, C, D A, C A, B, C A, B, D 5 4 10

Q.No. 17 18

Ans 1 i  c, ii  g, iii  a, iv  e, v  5/2

HINTS/SOLUTIONS FOR SECLECTED QUESTIONS

1. ab = 132
a = 13, b = 2
(a – 3)b–1 = (13 – 3)2 – 1.
= 10
5
  5 0 
2.    
 6  
5
  5 0 
 (1) 5
 a 0
 1       1 is true.
 6  
 
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42 7th Class Mathematics

5. x 2 y2 . y 2 z 2 . x 2 z 2

y2 z 2 x 2
. .
z 2 y2 z 2

y2 z 2 x 2
  1
z 2 y2 z2

1 1

7. ln lm
1 m 1 n
l l
1 1
 m n
 n m
l l l l
m
l ln
lm ln
 
lm  ln ln  lm
lm ln lm  ln
   1
lm  ln ln  lm lm  ln
18. i. (–1)77 – (–1)74
= –1–(1)
= –1–1
= –2
ii. ax = 1
ax =0
a=0
v. 4
1024  2 x
4
210  2 x
1

 210  4  2x
10
2  2x
4

5
2 2  2x

 

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