Multiplication Review

Multiplication is to increase the number or amount of

something.
The process of adding a number to itself in a certain
number of times.
The act or process of multiplying number.
Multiplying by 1 means taking the number once:
1 × 17 = 17.
Multiplying by 0 means taking the number zero
times:
0 × 82 =
1 2 3

3 columns x 6 rows = 18 boxes

1
 Multiplication terms
The numbers being multiplied are factors.
The result is called a product.
There may be more than 2 factors.

*For example, in
4 × 5 × 2 = 40,
the numbers 4, 5, and 2 are all factors

Factor Factor Product

5 x 7 = 35

2
 Multiplication Concept

1. Complete the number sentence.

a. b.
___rows, ___ rows,
___columns: ___columns:
___ ×___ = ___ __ ×___ = ___
___columns, ___ ___
rows: columns,___
___ ×___ = ___ rows:
___ ×___= ___

____rows, ____columns
____rows, ____columns
___ x ___ = ___
2. Write the additions as multiplications, or vice
___ x ___ = ___
3
versa.

EXAMPLE:
1. 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 4 x 2 = 8
2 + 2 + 2 +2 = 8 2x4=8

2. 20 + 20 + 20 + 20 = 4 x 20 = 80
20 + 20 + 20 + 20 = 80 4 x 20 = 80

a.)
80 + 80 + 80 = ___ ×___ = ___
8+ 8 + 8 =___ ×___ = ___
b.)
______________= 4 × 5 = ___
_______________= 4 × 50 = ___
c.)
______________= 2 × 12 = ___
70 + 70 = ___ × ___ = ___

4
3. Find for the product of the following and draw
pictures.
EXAMPLE:

× =
4 bags 2 bags

8 bags

A)

______
=
B)

______
=
5

C)
 ×

______
=

D)

×
______
=

E)

______
=

4. Count the objects and find the products. You

can often use addition.

A)

=____________

B)

= __________

C)
 X

=____________
D)

=__________
E)

=_________

F)
 X

= _________

5. Complete the sentences with the correct

multiplication fact.

a. Seven children have ___ toes.

b. Four cows have ____ feet
c. Eight bicycles have ____ wheels.
d. Three dozen eggs are ___ eggs.
e. Five people have ___ hands.
f. Nine ducks have ___ feet.
g. Six dozen of roses are ___.
h. Four cars have ____ wheels.
i. Two pigs have ____ feet.
j. Three girls have ____ eyes

Multiply in Parts
Multiply 46 x 3.
Step 1.
Break first 46 into two parts:
46 = 40 + 6
Step 2.
Multiply those two parts
(40 and 6) separately by 3:
3 × 40 and 3 × 6 .
Step 3.
Add these two partial results:
3 × 40 =120 and 3 × 6 = 18
120 + 18 = 138

10

1. Multiply tens and ones separately. Then add

to get the final answer
EXAMPLE:
 8 × 13
13= (10 + 3)
8 × 10= 80 and 8 × 3= 24
80 + 24= 104

a. 6 × 27
27= (20 + 7)
6 × ___ =___ and 6 × ___=___
___ + ___ = ___
b. 5 × 83
83= (___ + ___)
5 × ___ = ___ and 5 × ___=___
___ + ___ = ___
c. 9 × 34
34= (___+___)
9 × ___=___ and 9 × ___=___
___ + ___= ___

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d. 5 x 24
24= (___+___)
 5 × ___=___ and 5 × ___=___
___ + ___= ___

e. 7 x 68
68= (___+___)
7 × ___=___ and 7 × ___=___
___ + ___= ___

12

2. Break the second factor into tens and ones.

Multiply separately, and add.
EXAMPLE: A. B.

6 × 19 3 × 73 4 × 67
(10+9) ( + )
6 × 10 = 60 3 × ___ =
6 × 9 = + 54 3 × __ = +
= 114

C. D. E.

5 × 92 9 × 33 7 × 47

13

 It works with larger numbers, too:

7x20
7 x 329= 2303
 7x9
Multiplying 7 x 329.
Step 1.
Break 329 into three parts:
300 and 20 and 9.

Step 2.
Multiply those parts separately by 7:
7 × 300 = 2,100, and 7 × 20 =140, and 7 × 9 = 63.

14

Step 3. 2,303

Add the partial results:

2,100 3. Multiply hundreds, tens, and
140 ones separately. Then add to get
+ 63 the final answer.
a. 3 × 127 b. 5 × 243
(100 + 20 + 7) ( )
3 × ____ and 3 × ____ and 3 × ___ 5 × ____ and 5 × ____ and 5 ×
____ and ____ and ____ ___
= _____ ____ and ____ and ____
= _____

c. 7 × 314 d. 4 × 607
( ) ( )
7 × ____ and 7 × ____ and 7 × __ 4 × ____ and 4 × ____ and 4 ×
____ and ____ and ____ ___
= _____ ____ and ____ and ____
= _____

4. Compare. Write < , > , or = in the blank

between the number expressions.
a. 10 × 10 ___ 9 × 11
b. 6 × 12___ 5 × 14
c. 8 × 22___ 5 × 27
d. 100 × 26___ 40 × 70
e. 5 + 195___ 40 × 5
f. 4 × 72___ 300

5. The expressions are supposed to be equal, but something

is missing. Fill in the missing numbers.
a. 6 × 6 = 9 × ___
b. ___ × 10 = 5 × 24
c. 20 + ___ = 4 × 10
d. 6,000 = 30 × _____
e. 120 − 75 = 5 × ____
f. ____+ 750 = 5 × 300
g. 2,000 − 200 = 30 × _____
h. 500 = 50 x _____
i. 350 – 300 = 10 x _____

16

Multiplying in Columns, Standard Way

 Here we learn the standard algorithm of multiplication.
It is based on the same principle of multiplying in parts:
you simply multiply ones and tens separately, and add.
In the standard algorithm the adding is done at the
same time as multiplying. The calculation looks more
compact and takes less space.

Step 1.
 Multiply the ones first
4 × 3 = 12
 1
63
×4
2
 Place 2 under the line at the ones place, but the tens digit
(1) is written above the tens column as a little memory
note.
 This is called carrying to tens.

Step 2.
 Multiply the tens, and add the 1 ten that was carried
over. And write the 25 in front of the ones digit (2).
17

4 × 6 + 1 = 25
1
63
×4
252
 Total of 25 tens, which actually signifies 250.

Step 3.
 Compare to the "multiplying in parts" method you have
learned previously, where the adding is done without
"carrying".
 63
×4
12
+ 240
252
 In the calculation 4 × 6 + 1 = 25, the 6 and the 1 are
actually tens.
 So in reality we calculate 4 × 60 + 10 = 250.

18

1. Multiply. Be careful with the carrying.

a. 53 b. 51
×8 ×6

c. 62 d. 46
×2 ×7

e. 19 f. 66
×3 ×6

19

With a 3- or 4-digit number you have to regroup

4 x 238 = 952
many times.

Multiplying 4 x 238.
Step 1.
 Multiply the ones first.
238
× 4 4×8= 32

 Write 2 below the ones column and regroup the 3 tens

to the tens column.
3
238
× 4
2
Step 3.
 Multiply the tens,
3
238
× 4 4 x 3 = 12
2
20

 Adding the 3 regrouped tens.

 4 × 3 + 3 = 15
 Write 5 in the tens place and regroup the 1 hundred.
13
238
× 4
52
Step 4.
 Multiply the hundreds,
13
238
× 4 4x2=8
52
 Adding the regrouped hundred.
4×2+1=9
 Write 9 in the hundreds place.
13
238
× 4
952
 The final answer now is 952.

21

5 x 7652 = 38 260
 Multiplying 5 x 7652.
Step 1.
 Multiply the ones:
7652
× 5 5 × 2 = 10
 Write 0 in the ones place and regroup the 1 ten.
1
7652
× 5
0
Step 2.
 Multiply the tens,
1
7652
× 5 5 x 5 = 25
0
22

 Add the regrouped tens:

 5 × 5 + 1 = 26
 Write 6 in the tens place and regroup the 2 hundreds.
21
7652
× 5
60
Step 3.
 Multiply the hundreds,.
21
7652
× 5 5 x 6 = 30
60
 Then add the regrouped hundreds
5 × 6 + 2 = 32
 Write 2 in the hundreds place, and regroup the 3
thousands.
321
7652
× 5
260

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Step 4.
 Multiply the thousands,
321
7652
× 5 5 x 7 = 35
260
 Add the regrouped thousands.
5 × 7 + 3 = 38
 Write 38 in front of the 260.
321
7652
× 5
38260
 Then the final answer is 3826.

24

2. Multiply using the standard method. Be careful

 with the carrying.
a. b. c.

1 2 3 5 0 6 2 8 8
X 8 x 4
x 7

d. e. f.

2 5 1 4 6 1 7 7
5 3 3 0
X 3 X 4
x 9

25

Multiplying by Whole Tens and Hundreds

 We have studied the SHORTCUTS for multiplying any
number by 10, 100, or 1 000:

To multiply any number by 10, just place ONE zero on the

end.
10 × 481 = 4 810
 To multiply any number by 100, just place TWO zeros on
the end.
1 0 0 × 47 =4 70 0

To multiply any number by 1 000, just place THREE zeros

on the end.

1 000 × 578=578000

 Note especially what happens when the number you

multiply already ends in a zero or zeros.
 The rule works the same; you still have to place the zero
or zeros on the end

10 × 800 =8 000 100 × 6 600 =660 000 1 000 × 40 = 40 000

26

Multiply the following.

 x 10 100 1000
a) 236 x
b) 325 x
c) 10 x
d) 100 x
e) 250 x
f) 130 x
g) 500 x
h) 650 x
i) 254 x
j) 130 x

27

PROBLEM SOLVING
Steps in Solving Problems
 What is asked?
 What are given?
 The number sentence
 Operation
 Solution
 Answer
EXAMPLES:
1. Tess bought 4 shoes. Each shoes cost ₱95. How much did
she pay in all?
Asked: The amount she pay in all.
Given:
4 shoes
₱95 shoes cost
Number sentence: 95 x ₱ 4 =N
Operation : Multiplication
Solution:
2

95
x4
380 = ₱ 380 are the amount she pays in all

28

2. Mrs. Reyes made 525 boxes containing 6 jumbo chocolate

chip cookies in each box. How many cookies did she make in
all?
Asked:
The cookies she makes in all.
Given:
525 boxes
6 jumbo chocolate chip
Number Sentence:
525 x 6 = N
Operation:
Multiplication
Solution:
13

525
x 6
3150
Answer:
3150 cookies she made in all

29

Solve each problem using the steps in

problem solving.

1) Marian counted 874 pieces of 5 –peso coins. How much

are they all?
2) Each of 8 classes in Grade IV gave 950 pieces of one-peso
coins. How much would that be in all?

3) A book about Filipino heroes cost ₱325. How much would

6 book cost?

30

4) Mr. Cruz drives a Mega taxi. He earns an averaged of ₱825

a day? How much does he earn in 25 days?
5) Each relocated family in the lahar area was given ₱5750.
If there were 87 families, how much was the total amount
given?

31

Preface
Math Adventure IV is a material designed to
address the common problems and difficulties
associated with multiplication. The contents are
arranged from easy to difficult so that the pupils will
understand and enjoy answering the activities.

We hope that this material will be a big help to

pupils especially on 21st Century learners. And through
this, the pupils will discover the importance and
functionality of multiplication.

-Authors

Table of Contents_ _____________

 Multiplication Review…………………………………………. 1-2

 Multiplication Concept………………………………………… 3-9
 Multiply in Parts…………………………………………………. 9-16
 Multiplying in Columns, Standard Way………………… 17-25
 Multiplying by Whole Tens and Hundreds……………. 26-28
 Word Problems…………………………………………………… 29-32

Math Adventure
IV
Precious Ann Almonte
Vanessa Jane Daguro
Clarizel De Ocampo
Jhen Rochelle Maulit
Peter Neo Ugot