TASK FITOKIMIA OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Oleh :

Wahyu Ismi Zakiyah (18030194099) PKU 2018

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
JURUSAN KIMIA
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN KIMIA
2020
A. LANES WORK
1. Preparation Methanol Extract of Sample

Sample Powder

1. Taken about 5 grams

2. Entered into beaker glass 100 mL
3. Soaked into 15 mL methanol 60-80%
4. Separated with separatory paper

Residue Filtrate

1. Using
as
sample
Sample

1.

Sample
1. Taken ± 1 mL
2. Added 1 mL chloroform
3. Added 1 mL ammonia
4. Entered into test tube
5. Heated on water bath
6. Shaken it
7. Separated it

Residue Filtrate
1. Divided becoming three parts
2. Entered into different test tube

Test tube 1 Test tube 2 Test tube 3

1. Added 3 drops of 1. Added 3 drops of 1. Added 3 drops of

H2SO4 2N H2SO4 2N H2SO4 2N
2. Shaken it 2. Shaken it 2. Shaken it
3. Waited a few 3. Waited a few 3. Waited a few
minutes minutes minutes
4. Observe until the 4. Observe until the 4. Observe until the
solution solution solution separated
separated each separated each each other
other other 5. Taken the upper
5. Taken the upper 5. Taken the upper layer
layer layer 6. Tested with
6. Tested with 6. Tested with dragondarf
meyer reagent wagner reagent reagent

Orange precipitate Brown precipitate White precipitate

(presence alkaloid) (presence alkaloid) (presence alkaloid)
2. Identification of Alkaloid with Cuivenar-Frizgerald Method

Sample

1. Taken ± 1 mL
2. Added 3 mL ethanol 70%
3. Shaken it
4. Heated
5. Shaken it again
6. seperated
Residue Filtrate
1. Added 0,1 gram Mg
2. Added 2 drops of concentrated HCl
Red ethanol layer
(presence flavonnoid)
3. Flavonoid Identification

Sample

1. Taken ± 1 mL
2. Added 3 mL ethanol 70%
3. Shaken it
4. Heated
5. Shaken it again
6. seperated
Residue Filtrate
1. Added 0,1 gram Mg
2. Added 2 drops of concentrated HCl
Red ethanol layer
(presence flavonnoid)

4. Saponin Identification

Sample
1. Taken ± 1 mL
2. Added 10 mL water
3. Boiled in steam bath
Filtrate
1. Shaken it
2. Waited about 15
minutes
Formed stable form
(presence of saponin)
Steroid Identification

Sample
1. Taken ± 1 mL
2. Added 3 mL ethanol 70%
3. Added 2 mL concentrated
H2SO4
4. Added 2 mL anhydrous acetic
acid (Lieberman-Burcharad
reagent)
Color changing form purple
into blue or green (presence
of steroid)

5. Triterpenoid Identification

Sample
1. Taken ± 1 mL
2. Added 2 mL chloroform
3. Added 3 mL concentrated
H2SO4
Brownish red color on the surface
(presence of triferpenoid)

6. Tanin Identification

Sample
1. Taken ± 1 mL
2. Added 20 mL water
3. Boiled in steam bath
4. Separated

Residue Filtrate

1. Added 2-3 drops

of FeCl3 1%
Greenish brown or blackish blue
(presence of tannin)
 7. Fenolic Identification

Sample

1. Taken ± 1 mL
2. Added 1 mL of NaCl 1%
3. Added 1 mL of gelatin 10%
White precipitate
(presence of fenolic)

N Identificati Reaction
o on
1 Identificati Meyer reagent :
on of
Alkaloid
with
Culvenar-
(aq) + K2[HgI4] (aq) →
filzgerald
(s) + K[HgI4] (aq)
Wagner reagent :

(aq) + KI (aq) + I2 (aq) →

(s) + I3- (aq)

Dragondarf reagent :

(aq) + K[BiI4] (aq) → (s)

 + BiI4 (aq)

2 Flavonoid Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

identificati
on

𝐻+
(aq) + H2 (g) →

(aq)

(aq) + MgCl2 (aq) →

(aq) + 2Cl- (aq)

3 Saponin
identificati
on

𝐻2 𝑂
→

+
4 Steroid
isentificati
on and
Triterpenoi
𝐻𝑂𝐴𝐶/𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4
d →
identifictio
n

↓ 𝐴𝑐2 𝑂(𝑆𝑂2 )
 𝑆𝑂2
←

5 Tannin
identificati
on

𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙3
→
6 Fenolic
identificati
on

Answer of The Question

1. Write the complete reaction of each phytochemical test above !

Answer :
Identification alkaloid with Culvenar-Filgerald
Meyer reagent

Wagner reagent
Dragondarf reagent

Flavonoid identification
Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

(aq) + H2 (g)

(aq)
 + MgCl2 →

+ 2Cl-

Saponin identification
 +
Steroid & tripernoid identification

Tannin identification
Fenolik
2. Write the basic structure of each group of steroid compounds, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins,
flavonoids, and alkaloids !
Steroid

Tripernoid
Tannins

Saponin
 Flavonoid

Alkaloid

3. Mention what compounds are found in the “temulawak” rhizome based on existing literature!
 Answer :
Alakloid, flavonoid and tripenoid
4. Mention the functions and benefits of ginger rhizome for human life!
Answer :

Various “temulawak” health benefits that are well known in traditional medicine include treating stomach
ache, heartache / jaundice, malaria medicine, kidney disease, maternity medicine, skin diseases, and
inflammation in the stomach or