Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola) 279 DAY 12 Parabola is a locus of a point which moves so that it is always equidistant to a fixed point called focus and to a fixed straight line called direcirix |. Equations: » General equations: Axis parallel to the y-axis: Sema easstons: Note: a = distance from Vto F Vertex (V) at origin (0,0) f = focal distance A. Axis along x-axis: B. Axis along y-axis: Opens to the right Opens to the left Opens up Opens down ¥- Raday x? = tay Vertex (V) at (hk) A. Axis parallel to the x-axis: Opens to the right Opens to the left, (y-k)? =—4a(x—h)280 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas B. Axis parallel to the y-axis; Opens upward ‘Opens downward ll. Eccentricity: The ratio of the distance to the focus to the distance to the directrix. a Since f=, est lll. Latus rectum: A line that passes through the focus and perpendicular to the axis of the conic, LR=4a When the equation given is general equation rather than standard equation, the vertex Vi(h,k) of the parabola and its focal length /radius (a) can be calculated by converting the general equation to standard using the process known as completing the square. Or using the following formulas: @ For axis horizontal: | Cy*+ Dx + Ey +F =0 ® For axis vertical: Ax +Dx+Ey+F=0 Ellipse is alocus of a point which moves eo that the sum of its distance to the fixed points (foci) is constant and is equal to the length of the major axis (2a). |. Equations: General Equation:Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola) 281 Péxy) 4, 4; eg yy LA directrices A b ay fees ees ce a peace et Note: d; + d2 = 2a. The major axis = 2a, is the distance from V; to V2. Also, the relationship hetween a, b and cis bec? =a? ais always greater than b. 1fD & E = 0, centeris at the origin (0,0) .ifeither D or E, of both D & E +0, the center is at (h,k) Standard Equations: C0) ie - MS f —— > Major axis is horizontal aap a x ot —— > Major axis is vertical a C(h,k) 2 3 ey +e 21. ——> Major axis is horizontal a fon at? 24 —— > Major axis is vertical . a Eccentricity: (e < 1.0)282 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Il Length of Latus Rectum: 2 ee a LR F where: a b= semi-minor axis When the equation given is general equation rather than standard equation, the center (h,k) of an ellipse and its focal length (c) can be calculated by converting the general equation to standard using the process known as completing the square, Or using the following formulas: General equation: AX + Cy’ +Dx+Ey+F=0 -D eee 2p? a = va? =F he k=se ceva HYPERBOLA Hyperbola is a locus of a point which moves so that the difference of the distances to the fixed points (faci) is constant and is equal to the length of the transverse axis (2a) 1. Equations: General equation: A. Transverse axis - horizontal y asymptote [— directrices asymptote \__ Transverse axis Conjugate axisAnalytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola) 283 Ax? Cy? +Dx+Ey+F=0 Note: Transverse axis is the axis that passes through the foci, vertices and the center of the hyperbola while the conjugate axis is the one that is perpendicular to the transverse axis. Length ofthe transverse axis = | 24 or Aue Length of the conjugate axis = 2 or JA where: A and C are the numerical coefficients (absolute value) of x* and y*, respectively. 2 eee Also, the relationship between a, bandcis @ +b" =© B. Transverse avie — vertical: Cy? - Ax? +Dx+Ey+F =0 Length of tie rangverse eide'= 110 or Stee o we Length of the conjugate axis = 2b where: A and C are the numerical coefficients (absolute value) of x and y’, respectively. 2 Also, the relationship between a,bandcis +b? =o? Standard equations: (0,0) Transverse axis horizontal: Transverse axis vertical: 22 2 a x x eats a a be 2 0 (hk) Transverse axis horizontal Transverse axis vertical hy? (y=W? _(x=h* a b284 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Il. Eccentricity: (e > 1.0) © a eae me oo Il, Length of Latus Rectum: ‘2b? a LR where: a= semi-major axis b= semi-minor axis When the equation given is general equation rather than standard equation, the center (h,k) of a hyperbola can be calculated by converting the general equation to standard using the process known as completing the square. Or using the following formulas: =D se he cae 2A 2c Polar coordinates refers to the coordinates of a point in a system of coordinates where the position of a point is determined by the lenath of ray seament (the radius vector) from a fixed origin (the pole) and the angle (the polar angle) the ray (the vector) makes with a fixed line (the polar axis). Polar angle is sometimes called the vectoral angle, the argument, the amplitude, or the azimuth of a point. radius vector polar angle pole polar axis Relationship between polar coordinates and rectangular coordinates: x=rcos0 yersn® faye ccc! KiAnalytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola) 285 Tip: Common forms of conic sections: y hyperbola (e > 1.0) parabola (e = 1.0) ellipse (e <1.0) Bi5 pou know that... the oldest known example of numeration using place value is not the Roman nor the Arabic numeration but the Babylonian or Mesopatamians sexagesimal system of numeration which dates back to the 2% millenium 8.C. ! This system of numeration still survive today (i.e 1 hour = 60 minutes and 1 minute = 60 seconds. and 1 degtee = 60 minutes) Proceed to the next page for your 12" test. GOODLUCK | =286 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Time element: 4.0 hours Problem 501: CE Board May 1995 What is the radius of the circle x* + y’ — 6y = 07 2 Si 4 5 Problem 602: CE Board November 1995 What are the coordinates of the center of the curve x° + y*~ 2x - 4y-31 = 0? Problem 503: A circle whose equation is x’ + y’ + 4x + 6y -23 = O has its center at com> Problem 504: ME Board April 1998 What is the radius of a circle with the ff. equation: x* - 6x + y°— 4y-12= 0 com> oun Problem 505: ECE Board April 1998 The diameter of a circle described by 9x" + 9y* = 16 is 43 16/9 8/3 4 vom>Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola) 287 Problem 506: CE Board May 1996 = How far from the y-axis is the center of the curve 2x’ + 2y’ + 10 x - 6y— 55 = 0? -2.5 -3.0 2.75 3.25 pop> Problem 507: What is the distance between the centers of the circles x" + y° + 2x + 4y-3=0 and x’ + y’ — 8x — 6y +7 = 0? A. 7.07 Bort Cc. 8.07 D. 7.87 Problem 508: CE Board November 1993 The shortest distance from A (3,8) to the circle x“ + y“ + 4x — 6y = 12 is equal to com> NNN Problem 509: ME Board October 1996 ‘The equation x’ + y” — 4x + 2y — 20 = 0 describes: A circle of radius 5 centered at the origin. An ellipse centered at (2,-1) A sphere centered at the origin. A circle of radius 5 centered at (2,-1). * vom> Problem 510: EE Board April 1997 The center of a circle is at (1,1) and one point on its circumference is (-1,-3). Find the other end of the diameter through (-1,-3). A. (24) B. (35) Cc. (36) D. (43) Problem 511: : Find the area (in square units) of the circle whose equation is x" + y* = 6x ~ By. 20% 220 25% 27x g0m9>288 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem $12: Determine the equation of the circle whose radius is 5, center on the line x = 2 and tangent to the line 3x — 4y +11 =0. A (-2) + y-2)2 B. (x-2)2 + (y +2) C. (2)? + y +2) D. (&-2)? + (y-2) Problem $13: Find the equation of the circle with the center at (-4,-5) and tangent to the line 2x+7Ty-10=0. A. x+y? +8x-10y—12=0 B. x+y? +8x-10y+12=0 C. e+? +8x+ 10y-12=0 D. +y?-8x+10y+12=0 Problem 514: ECE Board April 1998 Find the value of k for which the equation x" + y* + 4x — 2y - k = 0 represents a point circle. Problem 515: ECE Board April 1999 3x? + 2x - Sy + 7 = 0. Determine the curve. Parabola Ellipse Circle Hyperbola com> Problem 516: CE Board May 1993, CE Board November 1993, ECE Board April 1994 The focus of the parabola y’ = 16x is at (4.0) (0,4) (3.0) (0,3) gom> Problem 517: CE Board November 1994 Where is the vertex of the parabola x* = 4(y ~ 2)? A. (2,0) B. (0,2)Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola) 289 Cc. (3,0) D. 3) Problem 518: ECE Board April 1994, ECE Board April 1999 Find the equation of the directrix of the parabola y” = 16x. Problem $19: Given the equation of a parabola 3x + 2y* — 4y + 7 = 0. Locate its vertex. A. (5/3, 1) B. (/3,-1) C. (5/3, -1) D. (5/3, 1) Problem 520: ME Board April 1997 In the equation y = -x’ + x + 1, where is the curve facing? Upward Facing left Facing right Downward pop> Problem 521: CE Board May 1995 ‘What is the length of the length of the latus rectum of the curve x = 20? 20 20 5 V5 Problem 522: EE Board October 1997 Find the location of the focus of the parabola y* + 4x - 4y—8 = 0. A B ¢. D. (2.5,-2) @.1) (2,2) (25,2) goo> Problem 523: ECE Board April 1998 Find the equation of the axis of symmetry of the function y = 2x’ -7x + 5. A Ix+4= Bo 4ax+7 C. 4x-7290 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas D. x-2=0 Problem 524: ‘A parabola has its focus at (7,-4) and directrix y = 2. Find its equation. x2 + 12y- 14x +61 x - 14y + 12x +61 =0 x ~ 12x + 14y +61 =0 None of the above gomp> Problem 525: A parabola has its axis parallel to the x-axis, vertex at (-1,7) and one end of the latus rectum at (-15/4, 3/2). Find its equation. A y=1ty + 11x-60=0 B. y’-11y+14x-60=0 © ye tay 4 11x 460 =0 D. None of the above Problem 526: ECE Board November 1997 Compute the focal length and the length of the latus rectum of the parabola y* + &x-6y + 25=0 A. 2, B. 4, G4 D4 Problem 527: Given a parabola (y - 2)? = - 8(x—1 ). What is the equation of its directrix? pom> y= Problem 528: ME Board October 1997 The general equation of a conic section is given by the following equation: Ax’ + Bry + Cy” + Dx + Ey + F = 0. A curve maybe identified as an ellipse by which of the following conditions? B?-4ac<0 Be-4AC =0 BP-4ac >0 B?-4AC =1 pompAnalytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola) 291 Problem 529: CE Board November 1994 What is the area enclosed by the curve 9x° + 25y* - 225 = 0? 474 50.2 63.8 72.3 gom> Problem 530: ECE Board April 1998 Point P(x.y) moves with a distance from point (0,1) one-half of its distance from line y = 4. The equation of its locus is Problem $31: The lengths of the major and minor axes of an ellipse are 10 m and 8 m, respectively. Find the distance between the foci, go> Dane Problem 532: The equation 25x’ + 16y’ — 150 x + 128 y + 81 = O has its center at (3-4) (3,4) 90m> Problem 533: EE Board October 1997 Find the major axis of the ellipse x* + 4y’ - 2x - By + 1 = 0. oom> 3292 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 534: CE Board May 1993 2 The length of the latus rectum for the ellipse a - = tis equal to gom> aaen Problem 535: An ellipse with an eccentricity of 0.65 and has one of its foci 2 units from the center. The length of the latus rectum is nearest to A. 3.5 units B. 3.8 units C. 4.2 units D a2unite Problem 536: An earth satellite has an apogee of 40,000 km and a perigee of 6,600 km. ‘Assuming the radius of the earth as 6,400 km, what will be the eccentricity of the elliptical path described by the satellite with the center of the earth at one of the foci? A 0.48 B. 0.49 C. 0.52 D. 058 Problem 537: ECE Board April 1998 The major axis of the elliptical path in which the earth moves around the sun is, ‘approximately 186,000,000 miles and the eccentricity of the ellipse is 1/60. Determine the apogee of the earth. A. 93,000,000 miles B. 91,450,000 miles C. 94,335,100 miles D. 94,550,000 miles Problem £38: CE Board November 1992 The earth's orbit is an ellipse with the sun at one of the foci. If the farthest distance of the sun from the earth is 105.50 million km and the nearest distance of the sun from the earth is 78.25 million km, find the eccentricity of the ellipse. 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.45 gom>Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola) 293 Problem 539: An ellipse with center at the origin has a length of major axis 20 units. If the distance from center of ellipse to its focus is 5, what is the equation of its directrix? A B, ci D. wnt is eat gaa aase x x x Problem $40: What is the length of the latus rectum of 4x” + Sy” + 8x - 32 = 07 pom> » 8 Problem $41: EE Board October 1993 4x’ —y’ = 16 is the equation of a/an parabola hyperbola circle ~ ellipse DOP> Problem 542: EE Board October 1993 Find the eccentricity of the curve 9x° — 4y* — 36x + 8y = 4 1.80 1.92 1.86 1.76 vop> Problem 543: CE Board November 1995 How far from the x-axis is the focus F of the hyperbola x — 2y’ + 4x + 4y+4= A 45 B. 34 Coor D. 24 Problem 544: EE Board October 1994 The semi-transverse axis of the hyperbola vomp> anon294 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 545: CE Board May 1996 2 What is the equation of the asymptote of the hyperbola = RREL ett gop> Problem 546: EE Board April 1994 Find the equation of the hyperbola whose asymptotes are y = + 2x and which passes through (5/2, 3). A 4+? +16 B. 4x°+y?- 16 c. r-4y-16 D. 4x*-y' =16 Problem 547: Find the equation of the hyperbola with vertices at (-4,2) and (0,2) and foci at (- 5,2) and (1,2). A. 5x’-4y? + 20x + 16y-16=0 B. 5x’ —4y? + 20x- 16y- 16 = C. 5x’ — 4y*— 20x + 16y + 1 D. 5x? + 4y?— 20x + 16y — 1 Problem $48: Find the distance between P,(6,-2,-3) and P2 (6,1,-4). " vn 12 Viz Problem $49: ‘The point of intersection of the planes x + 5y — 22 = +z=2isat Dopp Qx-2y+z=3andx+y A. 24-1)Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse & Hyperbola) 295 Problem 550: ME Board April 1997 ‘What is the radius of the sphere center at the origin that passes the point 81,67 A 10 B. 9 c. Vi0i D. 10.5 Problem 5$1: The equation of a sphere with center at (-3,2,4) and of radius 6 units is A B. x+y+z7 + 6x—4y-8: c. +y> + z2 + 6x—4y + 83 D. x+y? +27 +6x—4y + 82= 36 Problem $52: KK Board April 1997 Find the polar equation of the circle, if its center is at (4,0) and the radius 4. r-8cos0=0 r-6cos0=0 r= 12 cos 0 1-4 008 0=0 pop> Problem 553: ME Board October 1996 What are the x and y coordinates of the focus of the conic section described by the following equation? (Angle @ corresponds to a right triangle with adjacent side x, opposite side y and the hypotenuse r.) sin? @ =cos® A. (1/4, 0) B. (0, 1/2) Cc. (0,0) D. (12.0) Problem 554: Find the polar equation of the circle of radius 3 units and center at (3,0). cos 0 r=3sin0 cos 6 sin296 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 555: EE Board October 1997 Given the polar equation r= 5 sin 0. Determine the rectangular coordinates (x,y) of a point in the curve when 0 is 30°. A. (2.17, 1.25) B. (3.08, 1.5) ©. (2.51, 4.12) D. 6,3) ANSWER KEY 501.B 516.A 531.D 546.D 502.C 517.B 532.A 547.A 503.D 518.D 533.C 548.B 504.C 519.D 534.C 549.A 505.C 520.D 535.A 550.C RATING 506.A 521.B §36.D 551.B 507.A 522.C 537.D 552.A L) 4b-S5 Topnotcher 508.A 523.C 538.A 553.A 509.D 524.A 539.B 554.C LJ 33-45 Passer §10.B 525.C 540.B 555.A 511.C 526A 541.B [_] 27-32 conditional 512.B 527.B 542.A 513.C 528.A 543.C LJ 0-26 Failed 514.0 529.A 544.B 530.B 545.A If FAILED, repeat the test.Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 297 ‘SOLUTIONS TO TEST 12 EXE 2+y-sy-0 By completing square: +y’=6y + (3) ¥ +y-3) Standard equation ofa circle with canter at (h,k) hy + y- ae By inspection, r = 3 | 502. | x +y—2x—4y-31=0 = 2x +? 4y=31 By completing square: x= 2+ ay +ye~ 4y+ OF &- 1 + Y-2) = 31+ (1)' +(2)" 36 Standard equation of a circle with center at (h,k): &x=hY + y-W = By inspection: h=1 andk = 2, thus the center is at (1,2). Ea x+y + 4x +6y-23=0 Pie 23 By completing square: x4 4x4 Q) +y’ + By + 3) 3 + (2)° + (3)? (+ 2)" + (y+3f =36 Standard equation of a circle with center at (h,k): hy + y= By inspection: h=-2andk 3, thus the center is at (2, -3). ag x -6x+y*-4y-12=0 x —6x+y?— dy = 12 By completing square: ¥— 6x4 + BY +y2—4y + @)'= 12+ (BY + (27 (x= 3) + (y-2)?=25= 6) Standard equation of a circle with center at (h,k) (x=hy? + (y—k = By inspection: eS Ea 9x’ + gy? = 16 re Ba( Standard equation of a circle with center at (0,0): x+y=298 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas By inspection: 4 8 x =ar=8 te 3 andd=2r= 5 Ea bx? +2y? +10x-8y 55 =o} a? + y? + 5x - 3y = 27.5 By completing square x + Bx + (612)" ty" — By + (3/2) (c+ 2.5) + (y- 1.5) 7.5 + (512)? + (3/2)? 36 Standard equation of a circle with center at (h,k): &-h) + Keer By inspection: h=-25andk= 1.5 Note: The distance of the cantar of the circle from the y-axis is equal to h. Thus, the answer is (-) 2.5 unit length. y-axis See pr a ahi [tt Sx 3y-275=0 | ery tae ay y¥ + 2x+4y=3 By completing square: (+ + +2) Eos + t+ +2) By inspection, the center e the first circle is at C;(-1, -2). RY nate y+ 8x-6y=-7 By completing square: ae ay me a -4)+ (y-3) By inspection, the center of the second circle is at Ca(4, 3). -7+ (47 +) Using distance formula to solve for the distance between Cy & C2 = (x2 —x,)? +2 V4) d=y(4-( PF + B-(-2)F =7.07Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 299 oa x ty? + ax - By = 12 ue Ei By completing square: 3 Or M+ Y-3 = 12+ 2) +)? (+2) + (y-3)°= 25 = (6) By inspection, the center is at C(-2, 3) and the radius, r= 6. Solving for distance between (-2,3) and (3,8): d= (x2 ~ x4)? + (Ya - V4) d=yB-(-2)P +(@-3) =7.1 Let: x = shortest distance xsd-r x=71-5 524 xX +y- 4x + 2y-20=0 Me + y'-ax 4 Zy= ZU By completing square: «1+ v &-27 + (+1) 0 + (2) + (1) =6) By inspection, the center is at C(2, -1) and the radius, r = 5. Using midpoint formula: Xy+ Xp i FOr Palxzy2) tex, x= Thus, the point is (3,5) xX +y'-6x+ By =0 By completing square: -3F + +4)! = Gy? op (x3)? + (y +4)? = 25 =( By inspection, the radius is 5. Area = xt” = n(5) = 25 x square units300 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas 51 Note: There are two possible circles Try circle 1: Using distance formula: _g= Als) +BU)+C no VA? +B? Note: d is negative since the point is below the line. The given line has the equation, 3x—4y + 11=0. Thus, A=3,B=-4andC= 11 The center of circle 1 is at C= (2,y) Thus, xi = 2 and ys = y Substitute in (1): og = 32)+(A)y) +11 (sf + Cay = = 4y+44 Solving for the equation of the circle with center at (2, -2): (xh + yh) = (0 = 2) + +2) (-2) + y +2) Note: Since this equation is in the choices, there is no need to get the ‘equation of the second circle. Sx-4y+11= 0 (Cirte 1 1Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 301 The line has an equation, 2x + 7y ~ 10 =0. Thus, A= 2, B=7 and C =-10 The center of the circle is at (-4, -5) Thus, x; =-4 and y; =-5 Solving for the distance of point C to the line: = AGH) +B) +6 va? +6? p= 2CA)+7C5)—10 _ OFF Solving for the equation of the circle with center at (-4, -6): (x= hy + (y—Ke =e (c+ 4)? + (y+ 5)? = (7.28) 2+ Ox7 10 Ty’ 1oy+25=53 x+y + Bx + 10y-12=0 x+y +4x—2y-k=0 C+ 4c ty’ —2ysk By completing square: +2" #y-1" r (7.28 k++ (1? +5 (+2) + y-1)7= (rsh By inspection: = Vk+5 Note: For a point circle, r= 0. raVvk+5 k=-5 Since only x out from the two variables (x & y) has a second degree exponent, thus the equation is a parabola. yea tex Standard equation of a parabola: y’ = 4ax By inspection: 6 Thus, the focus is at (4.0)302 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas x= Ay -2) ‘Standard equation of a parabola: (x - h)* = 4 (y - k) where: h and k are the coordinates of the vertex By inspection: h =O and k = 2, thus the vertex is at (0,2) y? = 16x ‘Standard equation of a parabola: y? = 4ax By inspection: > ne (Geet az4 Equation of directrix xe-a x=-4 BEY x+27-ay+7-0 vin2yt Sx+t By completing square: a ae 2 ie xe yy ae gt 2-3 5 22 2 5 (y-1) 2 (« # ‘) Standard equation of a parabola: (y ~ h)? = - 4a (x k) By inspection: h=-5/3 and k= 1, thus the vertex is at (6/3, 1) ys-x+x+t x ! toxetey yexixt? ) | By completing square: os VU2,5/A) 12's 1=y+ (127 ~y+ 54 (x= 112)? =~ 1¢y- 5/4) By comparing it to the different standard equation ofa parabola, the curve is facing downward. Ea x = 20y ‘Standard equation of a parabola: x” = 4ay Length of latus rectum = 4a =e By inspection, 4a = 20 | Latus rectum. r) !EB yea an, B=0 ELE? yas Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 303 —4y=-4x+8 By etson square: (y-2)' =- 4x +8 + 2) ~4x4+12 2) =~ 4-3) Standard equation of a parabola: (y -k)?=-4a(x—h) >! By inspection: 4a=4 se Thus, the focus is at (2,2). 32 -7x+5 See Se 2x! —Tx=y-5 Axis of symmetry! aye Zee: By completing square: ip |VA-98) 2 2 ee (x r) 2°16 2 Ty _4(. 9 («-7) ae3 Standard equation of a parabola: (x - h)?= 4a(y~k) by inspection h= 7/4 and k = -9/8, thus the vertex is at (7/4, -9/8) Refer to the figure, the axis of symmetry is, x=7/4 4x-7=0 By inspection: 2a a=3 The coordinates of the vertex is at (7,-1). ‘Substitute. fo. the standard equation: &- hy ~4a (y-k) = 7) =-4(3)ly + 1) ; 72 xP -14x +49 =- 12y-12 iM Fc) x —14x+ 12y+61=0304 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas EZEE soning tor 18 Sees Substitute to the standard equation: ; (y-k)? =-4a (xh) Fe 12) v- ea 2+ Issa | -7 =-11 (K+ 1) -14y +49=-11x-14 i y’ - 14y + 11x+60= Ea y? + 8x—6y +25 ~ 6y = -8x-25 By completing square: (y-3)" = - 8-25 + (3)? -8x-16 (y-37 =-8 «+ 2) ‘Standard equation of a parabola: By inspection: 4a=8 a=2 (y— ky? = - 4a (xh) Focal length = a= 2 Length of latus rectum = 4a = 8 ' 1¥11.2)| {_ Directrix | eine EA (y—2)°=-8 «-1) By inspection: 4a=8 a=2 a Refer'to the figure: . x=3 we Equation of directrix Note: For ellipse the discriminant is less than zero (B? - 4AC < 0), Note: This is an equation of an ellipse Ox? + 25y* — 225 = 0 i 2 Standard equation of an ellipse: ~~ y a oF By inspection: a=Sandb=3534 Eee §33. Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 305 Bal = 54, eof +P -Lea-y) ‘Squaring both sides: dey-t= Lay? + y-2yt1= $ae-ey+y4 4x¢ + dy? — By + 6 -By+y" 4x? + 3y? = 12 Solving for ¢: c=va?—b? c=y(6) -(4P =3 Distance between foci = 2c = 2(3) = 6 25x" + 16y* — 150x + 128y +81 =0 2500 - 6x) + 16(y* + By) =- 81 = By completing square: 25(x- 3)" + 16(y + 4) 25(x — 3)? + 16(y + 4)? 81 +25(3)" + 16(4)? 400 e-3F yea), 16 5 Standard equation of an ellipse: oor + bow at a By inspection: he and k= -4, thus the center is at (3, -4). x + dy? — 2x - By +1 x = 2x + 4(y? + 2y) By completing square: (x=1)? + 4(y- 1) = 4 + (1)? + 4(1)? (x-1) +4y- 17 =4 ic P { Major axis | z +(y-1? =1 CP Its 1306. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas ERE Standard equation of an ellipse: bo + bow at a By inspection: a4 a=2 Length of major axis = 2a = 2(2) = 4 a7 Se mt 64 16 By inspection: ie Length of latus rectum: : LR= a 4 e=£=065 a Note: As given, c=2 2=065a a= 3.0769 Solving for b: b=va?— y(@.0769) - (2? = 2.338 2a = 40,000 + 2(6400) + 6,000 i 6000 = 59, 400 Satellite i i a= 29,700 = a— (6,600 + 6400) s = 29,700 ~ (6,600 + 6400) c= 16,700 40,000 2/6400)Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 307 2a = 186,000 a = 93,000,000 c est a a c=ea as = Gp (93,000,000) ¢= 1,550,000 ‘Assuming the radius of earth and sun to be very small compared to a: ‘Apogee =a +c = 93,000,000 + 1,550,000 = 94,550,000 miles. BAA a+ c= 105.5 we @O a-c=78.25 a=78.25+c wr @ 1 Earth ‘Substitute (2) in (1): o (78.25 + ) + c= 105.5 2c = 27.25 . 5 c= 13.625 ‘Substitute cin (2): 8.25 + 13.625 | Se ate ac | oe The equation of the directrix is x = td. : Thus, x=+20. 1 Answer Eg 4x° + 9y? + 8x-32=0 40C + 2x) + 9° = 32 By completing square: A(x + 1)? + 9? = 32 + 4(1)" 4x +1)? + oy? = 36308 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas aye Ge? vty 9 4 By inspection: 4-9 =16 Note: Since the coefficients of x* and y’ are opposite in sign, then the conic section represented by the given equation is a hyperbola. Ea 9x? ~ 4y?— 36x + By = 4 900 = 4x) - 4(y? = 2y) = By completing square: 90 — 2 -4y - 1); 9¢x = 2)°= aly = 1 ree oF oT 9 +:9(2)?- 4(1)? 6 hy? ‘Standard equation of a hyperbola: =P By inspection: aaa b?=9 a=2 b=3 Sol fore. c= ya? +b? = (2)? + (3)? = 3.605 Solving for e: $n 235008545 es Ea x — 2 + 4x+4y+4=0 xX + 4x-2(y' -2y)=-4 By completing square: te 2s 22, (x+2)*—2y— x +2) | 4+ (2-217 i . yk? Standard equation of hyperbola: “1 —— = a By Inspection =1,b'=2, =-2and545, bait Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 309 Solving for c: ce vat +b? = fie2=1.73 Refer to the figure: Distance of focus to x~ axis = 1 +¢= 1 + 1.7: -1=14.73-1 2.73 or 0.73 ee o 4 oy Standard equation of a hyperbola: ~> - = BML wea Standard equation of a hyperbola: >> - Y= 1 a 8 By inspection: bps bt=4 as3 b=2 Equation of asymptote: y= + 2x y= six 2x—3y = 0 or 2x+3y=0 Given equation of the asymptote: y = + 2x Standard equation of the asymptote of a hyperbola with center at (0,0): b =x 2. yar ox 2 ye Standard equation of a hyperbola: > - Y= 4 ab Substitute b = 2a and the coordinates of point (6/2, 3) to the std. equation: (6/2)?310 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas By inspection the coordinates of the center is at (-2,2).. 2a=4 a=2 3 c=3 i re (5.24.2) (0,4)(1,2) oom =V5 Br ae Thus, fof. nf KF 0 bea _-2F _ re eh WS y-2F =p BEA AY 2)=20 oi +4x+4)— ais 4y +4) =20 gc +h ele teat 5x*- 4y’ + 20x + 16y -16 =0 Ea P,(6, -2, -3), thus x1 = 6, y1 = - 2 and 21 P2(6, 1, -4), thus xz = 5, y2= 1 and d= Vea = x + 02-vi) +2 (6-6) + (1427 +4437 d=avitAnalytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 311 x+5y-2z=9 wO ox-2y+z=3 w@ xt+yt+z=2 or ® Subtract (3) from (1): (x +5y—22)- (x+y +z)=9-2 4y-32=7 wr O Multiply (3) by 3: 3x + 3y+3z=6 - w@® Subtract (2) from (6) (Bx + By + 32) — (@x-2y +2) =6-3 sy +22=3 ze ‘Substitute (6) in (4): a5 s3\o ya. 4y-3|3-$4] ay ay - yet Substitute y in (6): 3.5 z5 3) Zara Substitute z and y in (3): x+() +1) =2 x=2 Thus the point is (2, 1, 1) we Answer Standard equation of a sphere with center at (0,0):x° + +27 = 7 Substitute the coordinates of the given point to the std. equation Paxty'+ 8) + 1)" +6)" = 101 r= W104 (x—ny + (y - Kr +e where: (h, k, |) = coordinates of the center As given the center is at (-3, 2, 4), thus h= - 3, k=2 and |= 4312 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas ELE? Substitute: (+3)? + (y—-2)2+ @-4)7 =6? 4 6x+94 yay +447 —Bt+1 ty? +z? + 6x- ay: x+y) +z? + 6x—4y—8z= 36-9-4-16 Ge nP+ ke =? Substitute coordinates of the center and radius: (x-4) + (y-0) = 47 x -8x+ 16 +y" x -8xt+y* 1 0 Note: x= r-cos 0 sin Substitute: (F cos 6), — 8(r cos 0) + (rsin 0)" = 0 P cos? @- 81 cos 0+ 17 sii” 0-0 ? (cos? 0 + sin? os = 8rcos 0 = 8r cos 0 r= 800s 0 r—8cos0=0 rsin’9 = cos 0 (2) roe y=x Note: This equation is a parabola with vertex at (0,0) and opening to the right. Standard equation: y* = dex By inspection: 4a=1 a=14 Thus, the focus is at (1/4, 0). (hy + y-kKP=e : Substitute coordinates of center and radius: 53% + ¥-0 =) -Ox+9+y? <-ex+y? Note: x =rcos 0 =rsin@ce Analytic Geometry (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) 313 Substitute: ("cos 6)? — 6( r cos 8) + (r sin 8)? =O Pcos*0-6rcosd +r sin’ 0=0 ee eer ee =6rcos0 1=6.cos0 x= 100s 0 ‘Substitute r= 5 sin @ and @ = 30° y=rsind Substitute r= 5 sin 0 and 0 = 30° y= (Bin 0) (sin 0) =5 sino 5 sin? 30° 25 Thus, the point is at (2.17, 1.26).