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EN 2-2004 Example 001

SHEAR AND FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT DESIGN OF A SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGLE

EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
The flexural and shear strength of a rectangular concrete beam is tested in this
example.

In the example a simple supported beam is subjected to a uniform factored load

of 36.67 kN/m. This example is tested using the Eurocode concrete design code.
The flexural and shear reinforcing computed is compared with independent
results.

GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING

230mm
CL A

60 mm 550 mm

A
Section A-A
6m

Material Properties Section Properties Design Properties

E= 25x106 kN/m2 d = 490 mm fck = 30 MPa
ν= 0.2 b = 230 mm fyk = 460 MPa
G= 10416666.7kN/m2

TECHNICAL FEATURES TESTED

 Calculation of Flexural reinforcement, As

 Enforcement of Minimum tension reinforcement, As,min

 Calculation of Shear reinforcement, Av

 Enforcement of Minimum shear reinforcing, Av,min

EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 1

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RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results are hand calculated based on the equivalent rectangular stress
distribution.

Country γc γs α cc k1 k2 k3 k4

CEN Default, Slovenia, Sweden, Portugal 1.5 1.15 1.0 0.44 1.25 0.54 1.25

UK 1.5 1.15 0.85 0.40 1.25 0.40 1.25

Norway 1.5 1.15 0.85 0.44 1.25 0.54 1.25

Singapore 1.5 1.15 0.85 0.40 1.25 0.54 1.25

Finland 1.5 1.15 0.85 0.44 1.10 0.54 1.25

Denmark 1.45 1.2 1.0 0.44 1.25 0.54 1.25

Germany 1.5 1.15 0.85 0.64 0.80 0.72 0.80

Poland 1.4 1.15 1.0 0.44 1.25 0.54 1.25

EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 2

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Design Design Shear, Shear

Tension
Moment, VEd Reinforcing,
Country Reinforcing, % diff.
Asw/s (sq-
MEd (kN-m) As+ (sq-mm) (kN) mm/m)

Method ETABS Hand ETABS Hand ETABS Hand ETABS Hand 0.00%

CEN Default, 165 165 916 916 110 110 249.5 249.5 0.00%
Slovenia,
Sweden, Portugal

UK 165 165 933 933 110 110 249.5 249.5 0.00%

Norway 165 165 933 933 110 110 249.5 249.5 0.00%

Singapore 165 165 933 933 110 110 249.5 249.5 0.00%

Finland 165 165 933 933 110 110 249.5 249.5 0.00%

Denmark 165 165 950 950 110 110 249.5 249.5 0.00%

Germany 165 165 933 933 110 110 249.5 249.5 0.00%

Poland 165 165 925 925 110 110 249.5 249.5 0.00%

COMPUTER FILE: EN 2-2004 Ex001

CONCLUSION
The computed results show an exact match with the independent results.

EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 3

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HAND CALCULATION

Flexural Design
The following quantities are computed for both of the load combinations:
γm, steel = 1.15
γm, concrete = 1.50
α cc = 1.0
k1 = 0.44 k2 = 1.25 ( 0.6 + 0.0014 / ε cu 2 ) =
k4 = 1.25 k3 = 0.54

f cd = α cc f ck / γ c = 1.0(30)/1.5 = 20 MPa
=
f yd f yk / γ s = 460/1.15 = 400 Mpa

f=
ywd f yk / γ s = 460/1.15 = 400 Mpa

η = 1.0 for fck ≤ 50 MPa

λ = 0.8 for fck ≤ 50 MPa
f ctm
As ,min = 0.26 bd = 184.5 sq-mm,
f yk

where f ctm = 0.3 f cwk

2/3
= 0.3(30)2/3 = 2.896 N/sq-mm

As,min = 0.0013bh = 164.5 sq-mm

COMB1

The factored design load and moment are given as,

wu = 36.67 kN/m

M =
wu l 2
8
∙
= 36.67 62/8 = 165.0 kN-m

EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 4

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The limiting value of the ratio of the neutral axis depth at the ultimate limit state
to the effective depth, ( x / d )lim , is given as,

x δ − k1
  = for fck ≤ 50 MPa ,
 d  lim k2
where δ = 1 , assuming no moment redistribution

x δ − k1 (1 − 0.44 )
=  = = 0.448
 d lim k2 1.25

The normalized section capacity as a singly reinforced beam is given as,

x  λx 
mlim = λ   1 −    = 0.29417
 d  lim  2  d  lim 

The limiting normalized steel ratio is given as,

x
ωlim = λ   = 1 − 1 − 2mlim = 0.3584
 d  lim

The normalized moment, m, is given as,

M 165 • 106
m= 2 = =0.1494 < mlim so a singly reinforced
bd η f cd 230 • 4902 • 1.0 • 20
beam will be adequate.

ω = 1 − 1 − 2m = 0.16263 < ωlim

η f bd  1.0 • 20 • 230 • 490 
As = ω  cd  = 0.1626   =916 sq-mm
 f yd   400

Shear Design
The shear force demand is given as,
VEd ω=
= L / 2 110.01 kN
The shear force that can be carried without requiring design shear reinforcement,

EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 5

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=VRd ,c CRd ,c k (100 ρ1 f ck ) + k1σ cp  bw d

1/3
 

VRd ,c= 0.12 • 1.6389 (100 • 0.0 • 30 ) + 0.0  230 • 490= 0 kN

1/3
 
with a minimum of:
V=
Rd , c
vmin + k1σ cp  bd = [ 0.4022 + 0.0] 230 • 490 =
45.3 kN

where,
200
k=
1+ ≤ 2.0 = 1.6389
d
AS 0
ρ1
= = = 0.0 ≤ 0.02
bd 230490
As = 0 for ρl at the end of a simply-supported beam as it taken as the tensile
reinforcement at the location offset by d+ldb beyond the point considered.
(EN 1992-1-1:2004 6.2.2(1) Figure 6.3)
N Ed
σ cp
= = 0.0
Ac
CRd ,c = 0.18 / γ c =0.12

= =
vmin 0.035k 3/2 fck 1/2 0.4022

The maximum design shear force that can be carried without crushing of the
notional concrete compressive struts,
=VRd ,max α cwbzv1 f cd / ( cot θ + tan θ )
where,
α cw = 1.0
= =
z 0.9 d 441.0 mm
 f 
v1 = 0.6 1 − ck  = 0.528
 250 

EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 6

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vEd
=θ 0.5sin
= −1
5.33
0.2 f ck (1 − f ck / 250 )
where,
VEd
=
vEd = 0.9761
bw d

21.8 ≤ θ ≤ 45 , therefore use θ = 21.8

VRd ,max α cwbzv1 f cd / ( cot θ

= = + tan θ ) 369 kN

VRd ,max > VEd , so there is no concrete crushing.

The required shear reinforcing is,
Asw VEd 110.01 • 1e6
= = = 249.5 sq-mm/m
s zf ywd cot θ 441 • 460 • 2.5
1.15

EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 7