EXPERIMENT NO.

7
BASIC TESTS FOR ANTIBIOTICS
GROUP NO.3 MARCH 30, 2020
BANAG, Janine
PATRICIO, Jazmin
PAULO, Arman
YACAPIN, Aprilin
Questions for Research:
1. What are antibiotics?
Antibiotic is a substance produced by microorganisms that in small amounts inhibits another
microorganism also knows as antimicrobials drugs from which the Antimicrobial drugs target certain
essential functions of the microbe. Mechanisms of action include inhibiting cell wall synthesis,
inhibiting protein synthesis, inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis, injuring the plasma membrane, or
inhibiting synthesis of essential metabolites.
2. Tabulate the samples used in the experiment. Give their mechanism of action, physical
properties, chemical properties and structures. ( Follow the order)
SAMPLES PHYSICAL CHEMICAL Structures MECHANISM
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES OF ACTION
Ampicillin cap white acidic; occurs Exerts
microcrystalline as crystals in bactericidal
powder, anhydrous form activity via
odourless or has inhibition of
a faint odor bacterial cell
characteristic of wall synthesis
penicillins; by binding one
bitter taste or more of the
penicillin
binding
proteins
(PBPs). Exerts
bacterial
autolytic effect
by inhibition of
certain PBPs
related to the
activation of a
bacterial
autolytic
process.
Chloramphenicol white or Sublimes in Inhibits
cap yellowish green high vacuum bacterial
needle like protein
crystals, synthesis by
bitter taste binding to 50S
 ribosomal
subunit; mainly
bacteriostatic.
Erythromycin solid, white or emits toxic Macrolides are
Cap slightly yellow fumes of nitric inhibitors of
crystals or oxide when protein
powder, heated; slightly synthesis. They
odorless, hygroscopic impair the
bitter taste elongation
cycle of the
peptidyl chain
by specifically
binding to the
50 S subunit of
the ribosome.
Specificity
towards
prokaryotes
relies upon the
absence of 50S
ribosomes in
eukaryotes.
Rifampicin Cap Red-brown Hydrolyzes in inhibit bacterial
crystalline moisture DNA-
powder, dependent
odorless RNA
polymerase,
which appears
to occur as a
result of drug
binding in the
polymerase
subunit deep
within the
DNA/RNA
channel,
facilitating
direct blocking
of the
elongating
RNA
Tetracycline Yellow stable in air but Inhibits
Hydrochloride crystalline exposure to bacterial
Cap powder; strong sunlight protein
odorless in moist air synthesis by
causes it to binding with
darken 30S and
possibly 50S
ribosomal
subunit(s),
3. Tabulate the different classification of antibacterial. Give their mechanism of action and 10
examples of each Generic Name and Brand Name.
ANTIBACTERIAL MECHANISM OF GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME
CLASSIFIVATION ACTION
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Inhibits cell wall  Penicillin G Bicillin L-A®
synthesis Benzathine
 Benzylpenicillin Pfizerpen®
 Cloxacillin Cloxapen®
 Methicillin Staphcillin®
 Amoxicillin Amoxil®
 Ampicillin Principen®
 Mecillinam Coactin®

 Procaine Bicillin C-R®

benzylpenicillin
 Dicloxacillin Dynapen®
 Oxacillin Bactocill®

Penicillins Inhibits the  Penicillin G Bicillin L-A®

transpeptidase that  Penicillin V Penicillin VK®
catalyzes the final step  Mezlocillin Mezlin®
in cell wall  Piperacillin Pipracil®
biosynthesis  Carbenicillin Geocillin®
 Cyclacillin Bastcillin®
 Amoxicillin Amoxil®
 Ampicillin Principen®
 Dicloxacillin Dynapen®
 Cloxacillin Cloxapen®
Cephalosporins Disrupt the synthesis  Cephalexin Keflex®
of the peptidoglycan  Cephradine Velosef®
layer forming the  Cefadroxil Duricef®
bacterial cell wall  Cefachlor Ceclor®
 Cephalothin Keflin®
 Cephapirin Cefadyl®
 Cefazolin Ancef®
 Cefoxitin Mefoxin®
 Cefotetan Cefotan®
 Cefmetazole Zefazone®
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Inhibits beta-  Tazobactam Zerbaxa®
lactamase  Doripenem Doribax®
 Imipenem Primaxin®
 Meropenem Merrem®
 Biapenem Omegacin®
 Mezlocillin Mezlin®
 Ertapenem Invanz®
 Cefachlor Ceclor®
 Cefotetan Cefotan®
 Dicloxacillin Dynapen®
Aminoglycosides Inhibits of protein  Tobramycin Tobi®
synthesis  Gentamicin Garamycin®
  Paromomycin Humatin®
 Amikacin Amikin®
 Streptomycin Ambistryn-S®
Sulfate
 Neomycin Sulfate Neo-Fradin®
 Netilmicin Sulfate Netromycin®
 Sisomicin Sulfate Ensamycin®
 Spectinomycin Trobicin®
 Kanamycin Kantrex®
Tetracyclines Inhibits of protein  Doxycycline Oracea®
synthesis  Minocycline Minocin®
 Demeclocycline Declomycin®
 Rolitetracycline Colbiocin®

 Chlortetracycline Aureomycin®
Hydrochloride
 Oxytetracycline Terramycin®
Hydrochloride
 Methacycline Physiomycine®
Hydrochloride
 Meclocycline Meclan®
Sulfosalicylate
 Minocycline Dynacin®
Hydrochloride
 Doxycycline Doxy 100®
Macrolides Inhibition of bacterial  Erythromycin Ery-tab®
protein biosynthesis  Erythromycin Erythrocin®
Stearate
 Erythromycin Ilosone®
Estolate
 Erythromycin E.E.S-Granules®
Gluceptate
 Erythromycin Erythrocin
Lactobionate Lactobionate®
 Azithromycin Z-max®
 Clarithromycin Biaxin XL®
 Fidaxomicin Dificid®
 Dirithromycin Dynabac®
 Troleandomycin Tao®

References:
Ampicillin - Retrieved from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chloramphenicol#section
Chloramphenicol - Retrieved from:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chloramphenicol#section
Erythromycin - Retrieved from:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Erythromycin#section=13C-NMR-Spectra
Rifampicin – Retrieved from:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Rifampicin#section=13C-NMR-Spectra
Tetracycline - Retrieved from:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/tetracycline#section=13C-NMR-Spectra