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4. The chemical bond that connects amino acids to form a polypeptide chain is:
A. glycosidic bond C. van der Waals
B. peptide bond D. hydrogen bond
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 238.
6. Maple syrup disease is a genetic abnormality that affects the catabolism of:
A. aromatic amino acids C. glycogen
B. branched -chain amino acids D. lipoproteins
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p.259.
9. The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction to release nitrogen as ammonia in the liver is:
A. glutamine synthetase C. glutamine amidotransferase
B. L-glutamate dehydrogenase D. alanine transaminase
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 242.
10. The enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in the urea synthesis is:
A A. glutamine synthetase C. carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
B. alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase D. ornithine decarboxylase
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 243.
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A. binding site C. cofactor
B. active site D. coenzyme
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 51.
15. A structural analogue of the substrate that can bind to the active site is called:
E A. noncompetitive inhibitor C. irreversible inhibitor
B. competitive inhibitor D. uncompetitive inhibitor
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 65.
18. The domain of RNA polymerase that identifies the initiation site for transcription is:
I A. rho factor C. tata box
B. sigma factor D. hogness box
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 342.
22. Which of the following contains clones that reflect mRNA sequences?
A. cDNA library C. clone
M B. DNA library D. cosmids
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 413.
23. The vector used in recombinant DNA techniques that allows cloning of large DNA fragments
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is:
A. Plasmid C. Bacteriophage
B. Cosmid D. Intron
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 410.
24. The enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of purine
nucleotides is:
A. hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
N B. xanthine oxidase
O C. phosphoribosyl phosphate synthetase
P D. phosphoribosyl phosphate amidotransferase
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 293.
25. The first purine nucleotide synthesized during the de novo pathway is:
Q A. AMP C. IMP
R B. GMP D. ADP
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 293.
26. Which enzyme participates in both salvage and de novo synthesis of purine and
pyrimidine nucleotides?
A. Adenosine phosphoribosyl transferase
B. xanthine oxidase
C. phosphoribosyl phosphate synthetase
D. phosphoribosyl phosphate amidotransferase
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 294.
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32. The following is TRUE of hemoglobin:
A. The ligand affinity to O2 is affected by allosteric factors:
B. Its tetrameric structure ensures a sigmoidal dissociation curve in all instances.
C. Its quarternary interface interactions modify its O2 transport function.
D. Quarternary structural changes occur only in binding with oxygen molecules.
Reference: Lehninger, A. et. al., Principles of Biochemistry, 3 rd ed., p.s-9
35. After exposing a jaundiced infant to phototherapy, the following is true of bilirubin
excretion:
A. Bilirubin is converted to bilirubin diglucoronide.
B. Phototherapy provides the sulfates needed to conjugate bilirubin.
C. Bilirubin will be excreted in the feces as mesobilirubin.
D. Increased amounts of urobilin is found in the urine.
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 280.
39. The free energy change of a chemical reaction indicates which of the following?
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A. The spontaneity of a chemical reaction.
B B. The rate of a chemical reaction.
C. The product of a chemical reaction.
C D. The reactants of the chemical reaction.
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Harper's Biochemistry, 25 th edition, p.123.
43. Which of the following ketone bodies cannot produce energy upon oxidation?
A. -hydroxybutyrate C. Acetone
B. HMG CoA D. Acetoacetate
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al., Harper’s Biochemistry, 25 th ed., p. 244.
45. The major source of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis is:
A. Pentose phosphate pathway .
B. Isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction
C. Decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate in the cytoplasm
D. -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al., Harper’s Biochemistry, 25 th ed., p. 232.
46. Hypercholesterolemic drugs inhibit this enzyme which catalyze the rate-limiting step in
cholesterol synthesis:
A. HMG CoA reductase C. Cholesteryl esterase
B. Squalene monooxygenase D. Mevalonate kinase
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al., Harper’s Biochemistry, 25 th ed., p. 286.
47. In the heart, the major source of energy for oxidative metabolism is:
A. Glucose C. Fatty acids
B. Lactate D. Amino acids
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al. Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 235.
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A. They are usually formed during passage of the bile through the hepatic bile ducts.
B. They occur when the mixed phospholipids-bile acid micelles are very high in
phospholipids.
C. They can be dissolved by excess bile acids because the bile acids help to solubilize in
micelles the water insoluble cholesterol.
D. They rarely occur because cholesterol is not a normal part of the bile.
Reference: Devlin, F. M., Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 5 th
ed., p.1114.
50. Which transport system shuttles activated fatty acid molecule from the cytoplasm to the inner
mitochondrial membrane during β-oxidation of fatty acids?
A. Citrate shuttle C. Malate-aspartate shuttle
B. Carnitine shuttle D. Glycerol phosphate
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al., Harper’s Biochemistry, 25 th ed., p. 239.
52. Complete oxidation of a saturated 21-carbon fatty acid yields how many molecules of ATP?
A. 161 C. 165
B. 163 D. 167
Reference: Champe, P. C., et. al., Biochemistry, 2 nd ed., p. 185.
54. Which glycolytic reaction step reoxidizes NADH2 to NAD+ and reduces pyruvate to lactate?
A. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction
B. Pyruvate kinase reaction
C. Lactate dehydrogenase reaction
D. Phosphofructokinase reaction
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al., Harper’s Biochemistry, 25 th ed., p. 194.
56. Glucose absorption from the intestinal mucosal cell is characterized as:
A. an energy-independent carrier mediated system.
B. a co-transport system with sodium.
C. transport of glucose along concentration gradient.
D. passive diffusion of glucose across the intestinal epithelial cell.
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al., Harper’s Biochemistry, 25 th ed., p. 667.
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57. Glucose is a precursor of ribose and deoxyribose moieties of nucleotides and
deoxynucleotides via which of the following pathways?
A. Uronic acid pathway C. Pentose phosphate pathway
B. Glucose-Alanine Cycle D. Polyol pathway
Reference: Champe, P. C., et. al., Biochemistry, 2 nd ed., p. 42.
59. Which of the following enzymes do not catalyze a rate-controlling step in the citric acid
cycle?
A. Fumarase C. Citrate synthase
B. Isocitrate dehydrogenase D. β-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al., Harper’s Biochemistry, 25 th ed., pp184-186.
60. Which enzyme reverses the hexokinase reaction in the liver during fasting to liberate free
glucose into the blood?
A. Glucose 6-phosphatase C. Pyruvate carboxylase
B. PEP carboxykinase D. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
Reference: Murray, R. K. et. al., Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., pp. 119-120.
63. The process by which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or
FADH2 to oxygen by a series of electron carriers is called:
A. substrate level phosphorylation C. phosphorylation of an enzyme
B. oxidative phosphorylation D. dephosphorylation of an enzyme
Reference: Murray, R.K., et. al., Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 94.
64. Which of the following vitamins acts as a carrier of carbon dioxide in most carboxylation
reactions?
A. Thiamine C. Biotin
B. Cobalamin D. Folic acid
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al., Illustrated Biochemistry, 26th ed., p. 494.
65. The fat soluble vitamin under current investigation for its cardioprotective properties is:
A. Vit. A C. Vit. E
B. Vit. D D. Vit. K
Reference: Champe, P. C., et. al., Biochemistry, 2 nd ed., p. 315.
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67. The effects of vitamin A may include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. prevention of anemia. C. the visual cycle
B. serving as an antioxidant D. induction of certain cancers
Reference: Champe, P. C. et. al., Biochemistry, 2nd ed., pp. 330-332.
68. This mineral ion is a necessary co-factor in all reactions where ATP participates:
A. Cu+2 C. Fe+2
+2
B. Mn D. Mg+2
th
Reference: Berg, J. M., et. al., Biochemistry, 5 ed., p. 254.
70. Which of the following hormones activates the hormone response element?
A. Thyroxine C. Glucagon
B. Epinephrine D. Growth hormone
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al., Harper’s Biochemistry, 25 th ed., p. 537.
71. A hormone which is virilizing and can stimulate somatic growth is:
A. Estrogen C. Progesterone
B. Androgen D. Prolactin
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al., Harper’s Biochemistry, 25thed., p. 598.
73. Intracellular calcium is mobilized ion the cytoplasm by this PIP 2-derived second messenger:
A. Protein kinase C C. Inositol diphosphate
B. Inositol triphosphate D. Phosphatidylinositol
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al., Harper’s Biochemistry, 25 th ed., p. 546.
74. A transducing protein found in cell membranes which when actrivated after hormone
receptor interaction activates the adenylate cyclase system:
A. Ubiquitin C. G-protein
B. Calmodulin D. Protein kinase
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al. Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., pp. 458-460.
75. The most significant source of stored energy in the human body is:
A. Liver glycogen C. Adipose tissue fats
B. Muscle proteins D. Brain glucose
Reference: Campbell, M. K., Bichemistry, 3rd ed., p. 574.
77. The greatest fraction of the total energy requirement of an individual is provided by:
A. Basal metabolism C. Diet-induced thermogenesis
B. Specific dynamic action of food D. Physical activity
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al., Harper’s Biochemistry, 25 th ed., p. 655.
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78. Which of the following individuals would most likely be in nitrogen equilibrium?
A. a normal, adult male C. a growing child
B. a normal, pregnant female D. an adult male recovering from surgery
Reference: Devlin, F. M., Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 5 th
ed., p. 1133.
79. Which of the following statements about dietary fibers is/are correct?
A. Water soluble fiber helps to lower serum cholesterol in most people.
B. Mucilaginous fiber slows the rate of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.
C. Insoluble fiber increases stool bulk and decreases transit time.
D. All of the above are correct.
Reference: Devlin, F. M, Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 5 th
ed., p.1134.
81. Which of the following dietary regimens would be most effective in lowering cholesterol?
A. Restrict dietary cholesterol
B. Increase the ration of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids.
C. Restrict cholesterol and increase fiber.
D. Restrict cholesterol, increase PUFA/SFA and increase fiber.
Reference: Devlin, F. M., Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 5 th
ed., p. p.1134.
82. The main source of energy for the brain during prolonged starvation would come from:
A. Ketone bodies C. Fatty acids
B. Glucose D. Proteins
Reference: Champe, P. C., t. al., Biochemistry, 2nd ed., p. 294.
83. In the overall scheme of human metabolism, which organ plays the most important role in
caloric homeostasis?
A. Brain C. Liver
B. Kidney D. Muscle
Reference: Champe, P. C., et. al., Biochemistry, 2 nd ed., p. 283, 292.
84. In the well-fed state, the following molecules are stored XCEPT:
A. Carbohydrates C. Fats
B. Proteins D. Ketone bodies
Reference: Champe, P. C., et. al., Biochemistry, 2 nd ed., pp. 282-289.
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86. The high glucagon/insulin ratio seen in starvation:
A. promotes mobilization of fatty acids from the adipose tissues.
B. stimulates β-oxidation by inhibiting the production of malonyl CoA.
C. leads to increased concentration of ketone bodies in the blood.
D. All of the above.
Reference: Devlin, F. M., Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 5 th
ed., p. 724.
89. Which of the following is the most important source of blood glucose during the last hours of
a 48-hour fast?
A. Muscle glycogen C. Liver glycogen
B. Acetoacetate D. Amino acids
Reference: Champe, P. C., et. al., Biochemistry, 2 nd ed., p. 302.
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5th ed., p.1077.
94. The cell membrane component that prevents the crystallization or coming together of two
fatty acid tails is:
A. Phosphoglycerides C. Glycolipids
B. Cholesterol D. Galactolipids
Reference: Murray, R. K., et. al., Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 th ed., p. 417.
97. The lipoxygenase pathway of unsaturated fatty acids directs to the formation of:
A. Prostaglandins C. Thromboxanes
B. Leukotrienes D. Prostacyclins
Reference: Champe, P. C., Harve, R. A., Biochemistry, 2 nd ed., p 187.
100. A smoker who complains of soft swollen gums and loose teeth is deficient in Vitamin C and
therefore has impaired:
A. hydroxylation of proline.
B. hydroxylation of dopamine ß-hydroxylase.
C. degradation of tyrosine.
D. hydroxylation of bile acids.
Reference: Champe, P. C., Harvey, R. A., Biochemistry, 2nd ed., p. 40.
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