Analis Kesehatan/ A

Group 8

Arranged by :

Akhlus Mustofa (3116022)

Cindi Indriani (3116023)

Siti Mayangsari S. (3116024)

MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS
Medical instruments are specially designed medical tools or devices used in the practice of
medicine. Medical instruments, medical tools and surgical tools aid in performing numerous
activities needed for Investigation, diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, treatment, replacement or
modification of the anatomy, or alleviation of disease, injuri or handicap.

Surgical instruments or surgical tools for example are specialty medical tools for performing
specific actions of carrying out desired effects during a surgery or operation, like modifying
biological tissue, or to provide access for viewing it, viz scalpel, hemostat, and other surgical
tools etc. Similarly, a very large number of other medical instruments and devices have been
classified based on the their function and use including anaesthesia instrument, arthroscopy
instrument, cardiovascular instrument, cast instruments, dental instrument, dermal instrument,
ear instrument, laparoscopy equipment, nasal instrument, etc. Commonly used surgical
instruments include spinal retractors, root elevators, rake retractors, dressing forceps, cast
knives, capsulotomy scissors, towel clamps, etc. A number of medical device companies and
medical device manufacturers are engaged in making and trading of healthcare tools.

Medical devices to assure the safety and effectiveness of the device and instruments:

Anaesthesia Instrument

Anaesthesia is usually given to the patients for making them unconscious or numbing a part of
their body before performing a surgery or an operation. A variety of drugs and anaesthesia
medical instruments such as breathing tubes, laryngoscopes, connectors, oxygen regulators,
valves, artificial resuscitators, rebreathing bags, face masks, vaporizers, harness belts and
endotracheal tubes are produced by medical device companies and medical device
manufacturers. Anesthesia instruments are aided by several medical supplies viz. anaesthesia
machine, oxygen monitors, respiration monitors, etc. in delivering effective anesthesia.

Knives

A knife is a handheld instrument with sharp edges. It comprises a handle attached to a blade
used for cutting. Its origins date as far back as two-and-a-half million years ago. Knives have a
number of uses in the practice of medicine and in performing surgeries. Medical and surgical
knives may be made from different materials including carbon steel, stainless steel and ABS
plastic. Some commonly used knives in medicine are ear knives, septum knives, cataract
knives, corneal knives, goniotomy knives, post mortem knife, dissection knives, tonsil knives,
etc.

Scissors

Scissors are hand operated cutting instruments comprising a pair of metal blades. The blades
are joined together in such a manner that they meet and cut materials placed between them
when the handles are closer. Many different kinds of scissors are used in the practice of
medicine and surgery are used for cutting various materials such as bandages, plaster and body
parts such as skin, tissue, etc. For instance, trauma shears are robust scissors used in emergency
medical response and rescue. Some more examples of medical scissors include iris angular
scissors, castroviejo scissors, lister bandage scissors, stitch scissors, utility scissors, wire stitch
scissors, ear cropping scissors, dissecting scissors, toenail scissors, etc.
Surgical Instrument

Surgical Instruments and surgical tools are devices or medical tools such as retractors, knife,
forceps, scalpel, scissors, brush, elevators etc, which are used while performing a surgery or an
operation. Surgical instruments are medical tools perform a variety of functions such as cutting,
dissecting, grasping, holding and retracting body. Some frequently used surgical instruments
include graspers, clamps, blade retractor, occluders, positioners, tyndallers, carriers,
appliers, periosteal elevators, etc. Usually, surgical instruments are made of stainless steel.
Other metals like titanium, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum are also used by medical device
companies and medical device manufacturers for making surgical medical instruments and
surgical tools. The world market of surgical instrument is valued at US $ 30 billion.

Rectal Instrument

Rectal instruments are objects, tools, or implements that aid in the diagnosis, prevention,
monitoring, treatment or alleviation of diseases affecting the anal cavity, rectum or colon.
These devices may be reusable or disposable, flexible or rigid. Many rectal instruments,
especially anal probes have a small light bulb mounted at the end to enable a clear view of the
inside of the colon. Rectal instruments may be made from plastics, metals or other materials
and their design may also vary with their technological components. For instance, modern
proctoscopes make use of fiber-optic technology, which enable more extensive observations
with less discomfort. There are a number of rectal instruments in use today, some of them
include specialty forceps, hooks, ligators, retractors, Hirschman anoscopes, Sims rectal
speculum, angiotribe forceps, double ended probes, sphincteroscope, etc.
Nail Instrument

Nail instruments available in the market are of different types such as nail cleaner, cuticle
pusher, cuticle knife, manicure stick, nail files, nail nipper, and nail scissors. These instruments
are mostly made of stainless steel by medical device companies and medical device
manufacturers and have plastic grips. Nail care medical instruments perform a multitude of
functions such as removing dirt under the edge of fingernails, filing of nails, removing
loosened cuticle etc.

Neurosurgery Instrument

At the time of performing neurosurgery, a broad group of instruments and surgical tools like
surgical saw, forceps, tongs, retractors, spatula, hook, etc are used. These medical instruments
perform a multitude of functions like cutting, stitching, retracting, and stapling the affected
body parts. Neurosurgery instruments and medical tools made by medical device companies
and medical device manufacturers can treat many grave diseases relating to central, spinal
column and peripheral nervous system of the body.