SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE SENA

TECNOLOGO EN GESTION LOGISTIC

ACTIVIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE 15

EVIDENCIA 5: SUMMARY “EXPORT-IMPORT THEORY”

APRENDIZ: DENNYS YUREIMA ORTEGA GOMEZ

FICHA: 1749897

OCTUBER 01 2019
 Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de

exportación, requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para
apropiar las normas y pasos a seguir, sino también comprender y
extraer los aspectos más importantes de cada texto. Existen gran
cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación en inglés, por lo
cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal

form, or structure, will determine how the business is to be
conducted, its tax liability, and other important considerations.
Each form of business organization has its own advantages and
disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select the one that
best fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and the business.
Selection of an appropriate business organization is a task that
requires accounting and legal expertise and should be done with
the advice of a competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure

1
In this section, we examine different forms of business
organizations: sole proprietorships, partnerships,
corporations, and limited liability companies.

Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one

individual. No separate legal entity exists. There is one
principal in the business who has total control over all
export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole
proprietorships are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control.

Establishing an export-import business as sole proprietorship
is simple and inexpensive and requires little or no
government approval. At the state level, registration of the
business name is required, while at the federal level, sole
proprietors need to keep accurate accounting records and
attach a profit or loss statement for the business when filing
individual tax returns (Schedule C, Internal Revenue Service
Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar year and can
use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or

corporations. The owner makes all operational and
management decisions concerning the business. The owner
can remove money or other assets of the business without
legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer
or terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government

regulations versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an

individual, at a rate lower than the corporate income tax
rate. Losses from the export import business can be applied
by the owner to offset taxable income from other sources.
Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt
retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006

a) The major disadvantage of running an export-import

concern as a sole proprietorship is the risk of unlimited
liability. The owner is personally liable for the debts and
other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought to
protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance
protection is not sufficient to cover legal liability for
defective products or debts, judgment creditors’ next
recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is
limited to personal funds plus any loans that can be
obtained. In addition, very few individuals have all the
necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the
owner may lack certain skills. The business may also
terminate upon the death or disability of the owner.
 Establishing an appropriate business organization:
pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the

export-import business? If not, how many people have an
ownership interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or

expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for

management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax

treatment for the business concern and individual
entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to

establish and subject to a low degree of government
regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of

the goals and objectives of the export-import business?
(Belay, 2009).
2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras
y escriba su respectivo significado en inglés.
 INGLES ESPAÑOL
Business Negocio

Appropriate Apropiado

Attorney Abogado

Accountant Contador

Proprietorships Propietarios

Consulting Consultante

Establishing Estableciendo

Accurate Preciso

Accounting Contabilidad

Assets Bienes

Transfer   Transferir

Government Gobierno

Regulations Regulaciones

Concerns Preocupaciones

Income Ingresos

Liabilities Pasivo

configuration configuracion

Flexibility Flexibilidad

Management administración
3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios
párrafos, y al interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas
principales. Por favor, lea el material complementario “Identifying the
main idea” para conocer cómo se puede encontrar la idea principal en
un párrafo escrito en inglés.
 VOCABULARIO
Advantages: Circumstance or
situation that gives superiority in
something.
Disadvantages: Circumstance of
being worse or being in a worse
situation one thing with respect to
others of the same nature with
which it is compared. Less favorable
situation in which a person or thing
is with respect to others with which
it is compared.
Attorney: Person legally authorized
to advise and defend the rights and
interests of another person in legal
matters and represent it in a
lawsuit.
Without: Indica falta o carencia de
alguna cosa material o inmaterial.
Proprietorships: Property rights
In the right, the domain or property,
is the direct and immediate power
over an object or good, by which is
attributed to its owner the ability to
dispose of it, without further
limitations than those imposed by
law.
Returns: The return is the act of
giving something back to someone.
It is a process that is based on a
right of possession of a certain
person with respect to a certain
good that was delivered with some
type of specific objective.
Applied: That puts effort, interest
and perseverance in the
accomplishment of a work or in the
development of an activity,
especially in the study.
Loans: A loan is an operation by
which a financial institution puts at
our disposal a certain amount of
money through a contract.
Skills: The ability is the innate
aptitude, talent, skill or ability that a
person holds to carry out and of
course with success, certain activity,
work
Losses: Small amount of blood or
discharge from the womb that is
abnormally expelled outside of the
menstrual period.
SIGNIFICADO
Ventajas: Circunstancia o situación
que da superioridad en alguna cosa.
Desventajas: Circunstancia de ser
peor o estar en peor situación una
cosa respecto a otras de la misma
naturaleza con la que se compara.
Situación menos favorable en que se
halla una persona o cosa respecto a
otras con las que se compara.
Abogado: Persona legalmente
autorizada para asesorar y defender
los derechos e intereses de otra
persona en materia jurídica y
representarla en un pleito.
Sin: Indicates lack or lack of
something material or immaterial.
Propietarios: Derecho de propiedad,
en el derecho, el dominio o
propiedad, es el poder directo e
inmediato sobre un objeto o bien, por
la que se atribuye a su titular la
capacidad de disponer del mismo, sin
más limitaciones que las que
imponga la ley.
Devoluciones: La devolución es el
acto de entregar algo nuevamente a
alguien. Es un proceso de se sustenta
en un derecho de posesión de una
determinada persona con respecto a
un determinado bien que fue
entregado con algún tipo de objetivo
específico.
Aplicado: Que pone esfuerzo, interés
y constancia en la realización de un
trabajo o en el desarrollo de una
actividad, en especial en el estudio.
Prestamos: Un préstamo es una
operación por la cual una entidad
financiera pone a nuestra disposición
una cantidad determinada de dinero
mediante un contrato.
Habilidades: La habilidad es la aptitud
innata, talento, destreza o capacidad
que ostenta una persona para llevar a
cabo y por supuesto con éxito,
determinada actividad, trabajo 
Pérdidas: Cantidad pequeña de
sangre o flujo procedente de la matriz
que se expulsa anormalmente fuera
del período menstrual.
 vocabulario
Advantages: Circumstance or situation
that gives superiority in something.
Disadvantages: Circumstance of being
worse or being in a worse situation one de ser peor o estar en peor
thing with respect to others of the same situación una cosa respecto a
nature with which it is compared. Less
favorable situation in which a person or con la que se compara.
thing is with respect to others with
which it is compared.
Attorney: Person legally authorized to
advise and defend the rights and
interests of another person in legal
matters and represent it in a lawsuit.
Without: Indica falta o carencia de
alguna cosa material o inmaterial.
Proprietorships: Property rights
In the right, the domain or property, is
the direct and immediate power over
an object or good, by which is
attributed to its owner the ability to
dispose of it, without further limitations que se atribuye a su titular la
than those imposed by law.
Returns: The return is the act of giving
something back to someone. It is a
process that is based on a right of
possession of a certain person with
respect to a certain good that was
delivered with some type of specific
objective.
significado
Ventajas: Circunstancia o
situación que da superioridad
en alguna cosa.
Desventajas: Circunstancia
otras de la misma naturaleza
Situación menos favorable en
que se halla una persona o
cosa respecto a otras con las
que se compara.
Abogado: Persona legalmente
autorizada para asesorar y
defender los derechos e
intereses de otra persona en
materia jurídica y
representarla en un pleito.
Sin: Indicates lack or lack of
something material or
immaterial.
Propietarios: Derecho de
propiedad, en el derecho, el
dominio o propiedad, es el
poder directo e inmediato
sobre un objeto o bien, por la
capacidad de disponer del
mismo, sin más limitaciones
que las que imponga la ley.
Devoluciones: La devolución
es el acto de entregar algo
nuevamente a alguien. Es un
proceso de se sustenta en un
derecho de posesión de una
determinada persona con
respecto a un determinado
bien que fue entregado con
algún tipo de objetivo

Applied: That puts effort, interest and
perseverance in the accomplishment of
a work or in the development of an
activity, especially in the study.
Loans: A loan is an operation by which
a financial institution puts at our
disposal a certain amount of money
through a contract.
Skills: The ability is the innate aptitude,
talent, skill or ability that a person
holds to carry out and of course with
success, certain activity, work
Losses: Small amount of blood or
discharge from the womb that is
abnormally expelled outside of the
menstrual period.
Upon: Heritage prefix of Latin origin
that enters the formation of names with
the meaning of 'above', 'besides'.
Judgment: Faculty of understanding, by
virtue of which man can distinguish
good from evil and true from false.
Income: Amount of money earned or
collected.
Little: That has a smaller size than
normal.
Sole: It applies to one or several things
of which or of whose species there are
no others.
específico.
Aplicado: Que pone esfuerzo,
interés y constancia en la
realización de un trabajo o en
el desarrollo de una actividad,
en especial en el estudio.
Prestamos: Un préstamo es
una operación por la cual una
entidad financiera pone a
nuestra disposición una
cantidad determinada de
dinero mediante un contrato.
Habilidades: La habilidad es
la aptitud innata, talento,
destreza o capacidad que
ostenta una persona para
llevar a cabo y por supuesto
con éxito, determinada
actividad, trabajo 
Pérdidas: Cantidad pequeña
de sangre o flujo procedente
de la matriz que se expulsa
anormalmente fuera del
período menstrual.
Sobre: Prefijo patrimonial de
origen latino que entra en la
formación de nombres con el
significado de ‘por encima
de’, ‘además de’.
Juicio: Facultad del
entendimiento, por cuya
virtud el hombre puede
distinguir el bien del mal y lo
verdadero de lo falso.
Ingresos: Cantidad de dinero
ganada o recaudada.
Pequeño: Que tiene un
tamaño menor de lo normal.
Único: Se aplica a una o
varias cosas de las cuales o
de cuya especie no hay otras.
4.
4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor
escriba las ideas principales de cada párrafo, en
presente simple, en inglés. No haga transcripción literal
de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a
presente progresivo, también en inglés.
5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se
conecten coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

How to carry out an export and import business, in different forms of

commercial organizations since the director controls all export and
import operations, where the sole proprietors are simple and low in cost
and make all the decisions in front of the business. Individual companies
are governmental and have a lower rate than the tax rate, thus carrying
the responsibility of the business

Knowing well that each legal form in which the company has its legal
bases will apply different processes why you should know what you
should apply to have greater knowledge and not have legal
consequences in the environment even with a single administrator or
boss immediately co-author all the legal health and tax aspects for a
better export or import in order to provide the company with better
quality and good recognition at the

international level and to conquer or reach large countries for its

advertising and industry growth.