ACTIVIDAD 15

EVIDENCIA 5
SUMMARY “EXPORT-IMPORT THEORY”

CLAUDIA ROBAYO G

TECNOLOGÍA EN GESTIÓN LOGÍSTICA

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE
SENA
2020
Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,
requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de
cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación
en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or

structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax
liability, and other important considerations. Each form of business
organization has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the
entrepreneur has to select the one that best fulfills the goals of the
entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an appropriate business
organization is a task that requires accounting and legal expertise and
should be done with the advice of a competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole

proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

Sole proprietorships

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No
separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has
total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships
are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-

import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and
requires little or no government approval. At the state level, registration of
the business name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors
need to keep accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss
statement for the business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C,
Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar
year and can use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The

owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the
business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations

versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate

lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import
business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other
sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt
retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable
for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought
to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is not
sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment
creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal
funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals
have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the
owner may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the
death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import

business? If not, how many people have an ownership interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the
business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject
to a low degree of government regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and
objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).
2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba
su respectivo significado en inglés.
VOCABULARIO
Advantages: Circumstance or situation that
gives superiority in something.
Disadvantages: Circumstance of being worse
or being in a worse situation one thing with
respect to others of the same nature with which
it is compared. Less favorable situation in
which a person or thing is with respect to
others with which it is compared
Attorney: Person legally authorized to advise
and defend the rights and interests of another
person in legal matters and represent it in a
lawsuit.
Without: Indica falta o carencia de alguna cosa
material o inmaterial
Proprietorships: Property rights In the right, the
domain or property, is the direct and immediate
power over an object or good, by which is
attributed to its owner the ability to dispose of
it, without further limitations than those
imposed by law.
Returns: The return is the act of giving
something back to someone. It is a process
that is based on a right of possession of a
certain person with respect to a certain good
that was delivered with some type of specific
objective
Applied: That puts effort, interest and
perseverance in the accomplishment of a work
or in the development of an activity, especially
in the study
Loans: A loan is an operation by which a
financial institution puts at our disposal a
certain amount of money through a contract.
Skills: The ability is the innate aptitude, talent,
skill or ability that a person holds to carry out
and of course with success, certain activity,
work
Losses: Small amount of blood or discharge
from the womb that is abnormally expelled
outside of the menstrual period.
Upon: Heritage prefix of Latin origin that enters
the formation of names with the meaning of
'above', 'besides'
SIGNIFICADO
Ventajas: Circunstancia o situación que da
superioridad en alguna cosa.
Desventajas: Circunstancia de ser peor o estar
en peor situación una cosa respecto a otras de
la misma naturaleza con la que se compara.
Situación menos favorable en que se halla una
persona o cosa respecto a otras con las que
se compara.
Abogado: Persona legalmente autorizada para
asesorar y defender los derechos e intereses
de otra persona en materia jurídica y
representarla en un pleito.
Sin: Indicates lack or lack of something
material or immaterial.
Propietarios: Derecho de propiedad, en el
derecho, el dominio o propiedad, es el poder
directo e inmediato sobre un objeto o bien, por
la que se atribuye a su titular la capacidad de
disponer del mismo, sin más limitaciones que
las que imponga la ley
Devoluciones: La devolución es el acto de
entregar algo nuevamente a alguien. Es un
proceso de se sustenta en un derecho de
posesión de una determinada persona con
respecto a un determinado bien que fue
entregado con algún tipo de objetivo
específico.
Aplicado: Que pone esfuerzo, interés y
constancia en la realización de un trabajo o en
el desarrollo de una actividad, en especial en
el estudio.
Prestamos: Un préstamo es una operación por
la cual una entidad financiera pone a nuestra
disposición una cantidad determinada de
dinero mediante un contrato
Habilidades: La habilidad es la aptitud innata,
talento, destreza o capacidad que ostenta una
persona para llevar a cabo y por supuesto con
éxito, determinada actividad, trabajo
Pérdidas: Cantidad pequeña de sangre o flujo
procedente de la matriz que se expulsa
anormalmente fuera del período menstrual.
Sobre: Prefijo patrimonial de origen latino que
entra en la formación de nombres con el
significado de ‘por encima de’, ‘además de’
 Judgment: Faculty of understanding, by virtue
of which man can distinguish good from evil
and true from false.
Income: Amount of money earned or collected
Little: That has a smaller size than normal
Sole: It applies to one or several things of
which or of whose species there are no others.
Juicio: Facultad del entendimiento, por cuya
virtud el hombre puede distinguir el bien del
mal y lo verdadero de lo falso
Ingresos: Cantidad de dinero ganada o
recaudada.
Pequeño: Que tiene un tamaño menor de lo
normal
Único: Se aplica a una o varias cosas de las
cuales o de cuya especie no hay otras.

3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al

interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se
puede encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.
MAIN IDEAS

 How to carry out a business

 There are different forms of commercial organizations
 the sole proprietors are simple and low in costs
 The director controls all export and import operations
 The owners are in charge of making all the decisins
 The individual companies are governamental
 The individual owners have a lower rate than the tax rate
 The owners are responsible for their business

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga
transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a
presente progresivo, también en inglés.

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

How to carries out a business How to carriesing out a business
There's are different forms of commercial There's are differenting forms of commercial
organizations organizations
The director controls all export and import The director controlling all export and import
operations operations
The sole proprietors are simple and lows in The sole proprietors are simple and low in
costs costsing
The owners are in charges of make all the The owners are in charge of making all the
decisions decisions
The individual companies are governamenta The individual companying are
governamental
The individual owners have a lower rate than The individual owners having a lower rate
the tax rate than the tax rate
The owners are responsible for their The owners are responsible for their business
 business

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

How to carry out an export and import business, in different forms of commercial
organizations since the director controls all export and import operations, where
the sole proprietors are simple and low in cost and make all the decisions in front
of the business. Individual companies are governmental and have a lower rate than
the tax rate, thus carrying the responsibility of the business Knowing well that each
legal form in which the company has its legal bases will apply different processes
why you should know what you should apply to have greater knowledge and not
have legal consequences in the environment even with a single administrator or
boss immediately co-author all the legal health and tax aspects for a better export
or import in order to provide the company with better quality and good recognition
at the international level and to conquer or reach large countries for its advertising
and industry growth

Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta el material de

formación “Using simple present and progressive to export” y el material
complementario asociado a esta actividad de aprendizaje.

Desarrolle esta evidencia con la herramienta ofimática de su preferencia y envíe el

archivo al instructor a través de la plataforma virtual de aprendizaje en formato
.doc o .pdf.

Pasos para enviar la evidencia:

1. Clic en el título de la evidencia.

2. Clic en Examinar mi equipo y buscar el archivo previamente guardado.
3. Dejar un comentario al instructor (opcional).
4. Clic en Enviar.

Nota: esta evidencia es de carácter individual. Recuerde revisar la guía de

aprendizaje con el fin de verificar que ha realizado todas las actividades
propuestas, saber cómo desarrollarlas y entregarlas correctamente.
 Criterios de evaluación
Realiza resúmenes de la información relevante y detallada de un texto técnico en
inglés.