Summary “Export-import theory”

NATALY SOLER CARO

FICHA 2104732

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE SENA

TECNOLOGO EN GESTION LOGISTICA
CENTRO DE COMERCIO
2021
 Summary “Export-import theory”

PRESENTADO POR:

NATALY SOLER CARO

INSTRUCTOR
PRESENTADO A:
JUAN MARIN MURILLO

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE SENA

TECNOLOGO EN GESTION LOGISTICA
CENTRO DE COMERCIO
2021
 Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de
cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación
en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form,

or structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its
tax liability, and other important considerations. Each form of
business organization has its own advantages and disadvantages,
and the entrepreneur has to select the one that best fulfills the goals
of the entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an appropriate
business organization is a task that requires accounting and legal
expertise and should be done with the advice of a competent attorney
or accountant.

Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations:

sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability
companies.

1
Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual.

No separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business
who has total control over all export-import operations and who can
make decisions without consulting anyone. The major advantages of
sole proprietorships are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an

export-import business as sole proprietorship is simple and
inexpensive and requires little or no government approval. At the
state level, registration of the business name is required, while at the
federal level, sole proprietors need to keep accurate accounting
records and attach a profit or loss statement for the business when
filing individual tax returns (Schedule C, Internal Revenue Service
Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar year and can use the
cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or

corporations. The owner makes all operational and management
decisions concerning the business. The owner can remove money or
other assets of the business without legal or tax consequences. He or
she can also easily transfer or terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations

versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a

rate lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export
import business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income
from other sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax
exempt retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a
sole proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is
personally liable for the debts and other liabilities of the business.
Insurance can be bought to protect against these liabilities; however,
if insurance protection is not sufficient to cover legal liability for
defective products or debts, judgment creditors’ next recourse is the
personal assets of the owner. Another disadvantage is that the
proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal funds plus any
loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals have all
the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the owner
may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the
death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-

import business? If not, how many people have an ownership
interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for
the business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and

subject to a low degree of government regulation?
  How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals

and objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba

su respectivo significado en inglés.

Vocabulario
Applied: That puts effort, interest and
perseverance in the accomplishment
of a work or in the development of an
activity, especially in the study.
Returns: The return is the act of
giving something back to someone. It
is a process that is based on a right of
possession of a certain person with
respect to a certain good that was
delivered with some type of specific
objective.
Sole: It applies to one or several
things of which or of whose species
there are no others.
Little: That has a smaller size than
normal.
Loans: A loan is an operation by
which a financial institution puts a tour
disposal a certain amount of money
through a contract.
Losses: Small amount of blood or
discharge from the womb that is
abnormally expelled outside of the
menstrual period.
Income: Amount of money earned or Ingresos: Cantidad de dinero ganada
collected. o recaudada.
Significado
Aplicado: Que pone esfuerzo, interés
y constancia en la realización de un
trabajo o en el desarrollo de una
actividad, en especial en el estudio.
Devoluciones: La devolución es el
acto de entregar algo nuevamente a
alguien. Es un proceso de se
sustenta en un derecho de posesión
de una determinada persona con
respecto a un determinado bien que
fue entregado con algún tipo de
objetivo específico.
Único: Se aplica a una o varias cosas
de las cuales o de cuya especie no
hay otras.
Pequeño: Que tiene un tamaño
menor de lo normal.
Prestamos: Un préstamo es una
operación por la cual una entidad
financiera pone a nuestra disposición
una cantidad determinada de dinero
mediante un contrato.
La pérdida es una situación en la que
se deja de poseer algo que se tenía
por una circunstancia.

Judgment: Faculty of understanding, Juicio: Facultad del entendimiento,

by virtue of which man can distinguish por cuya virtud el hombre puede
good from evil and true from false. distinguir el bien del mal y lo
verdadero de lo falso.
Skills: The ability is the innate Habilidades: La habilidad es la aptitud
aptitude, talent, skill or ability that a innata, talento, destreza o capacidad que
 person holds to carry out and of
course with success, certain activity,
work
Proprietorships: Property rights
In the right, the domain or property, is
the direct and immediate power over
an object or good, by which is
attributed to its owner the ability to
dispose of it, without further
limitations than those imposed by law.
Partnerships: is the action and effect
of associating or associating.
Therefore, association is called the
union of people or entities for a
common purpose.
Rate: velocity is the vector physical
magnitude that relates the change in
position with time.
Debts: Obligation that a person has to
pay or return something, usually
money.
Business: Occupation, activity or work
that is carried out to obtain a profit,
especially that which consists of
carrying out commercial operations,
buying and selling goods or services.
Risk: Possibility of a mishap or
misfortune, that someone or
something suffers harm or damage.
ostenta una persona para llevar a cabo y
por supuesto con éxito, determinada
actividad, trabajo
Propietarios: Derecho de propiedad,
en el derecho, el dominio o
propiedad, es el poder directo e
inmediato sobre un objeto o bien, por
la que se atribuye a su titular la
capacidad de disponer del mismo, sin
más limitaciones que las que
imponga la ley.
Asociación es la acción y efecto de
asociar o asociarse. Por tanto, se
denomina asociación a la unión de
personas o entidades para un fin
común.
Velocidad: La velocidad es la
magnitud física de carácter vectorial
que relaciona el cambio de posición
con el tiempo.
Deudas: Obligación que tiene una
persona de pagar o devolver una
cosa, generalmente dinero.
Negocio: Ocupación, actividad o
trabajo que se realiza para obtener un
beneficio, especialmente el que
consiste en realizar operaciones
comerciales, comprando y vendiendo
mercancías o servicios.
Riesgo: Posibilidad de que se
produzca un contratiempo o una
desgracia, de que alguien o algo
sufra perjuicio o daño.

3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al

interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se
puede encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

MAIN IDEAS

• How to carry out a business

• There are different forms of commercial organizations

 • The director controls all export and import operations

• The sole proprietors are simple and low in costs

• The owners are in charge of making all the decisions

• The owners are responsible for their business

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga
transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a
presente progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

How to carries out a business How to carriesing out a business
There's are different forms of There's are differenting forms of
commercial organizations commercial organizations
The director controls all export and The director controlling all export and
import operations import operations
The sole proprietors are simple and The sole proprietors are simple and
lows in costs low in costsing
The owners are in charges of make The owners are in charge of making
all the decisions all the decisions
The individual companies are The individual companying are
governmental governmental
The individual owners have a lower The individual owners having a lower
rate than the tax rate rate than the tax rate
The owners are responsible for their The owners are responsible for their
business business

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

How to carry out an export and import business, in different forms of commercial
organizations since the director controls all export and import operations, where
the sole proprietors are simple and low in cost and make all the decisions in
front of the business. Individual companies are governmental and have a lower
rate than the tax rate, thus carrying the responsibility of the business.
Knowing well that each legal form in which the company has its legal bases will
apply different processes why you should know what you should apply to have
greater knowledge and not have legal consequences in the environment even
with a single administrator or boss immediately co-author all the legal health and
tax aspects for a better export or import in order to provide the company with
better quality and good recognition at the international level and to conquer or
reach large countries for its advertising and industry growth.