‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN-I

(CE 370)

LECTURE #21
Design of Continuous Beams and One way Slabs
(Problems)

By

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Contents
2

 Objectives of the present lecture

 Thickness of one way slab
 SBC Provisions
 Problems
 Further reading

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Objectives of the Present lecture
3

 To solve design problems related to one way slabs

and continuous beams using SBC/ACI coefficient
method.

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Thickness of One way slab
4

 Determine and check minimum

thickness using ACI/SBC Table
 Minimum thickness must be
determined for each span and final
value is the greatest of them
 If thickness is unknown choose value
greater or equal to minimum
 If thickness given, check that it is
greater or equal to minimum
 If actual thickness greater or equal to
minimum thickness, no deflection
check is required.
 A thickness less than minimum may
be used but deflections must then be
computed and checked.

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 SBC Provisions
5

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 SBC 304 Provisions
6

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Problem-1
(Design of one-way Slab)
7

A five-span one-way slab is supported on 300 mm wide beam with center-to-center spacing of 4.8
m. The slab carries a superimposed dead load (SDL) of 0.5 kN/m2 and a live load of 3.0 kN/m2.
Using fc’= 28 MPa, fy = 420 MPa and unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3, design the slab. Draw a
cross section showing the reinforcement. Also locate the bar cut-off points.

Slab design strip

4.8 m 4.8 m 4.8 m 4.8 m 4.8 m Plan

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Solution
8

Estimate slab thickness

Assume partitions are not sensitive to deflection s.
l 4800
End bay : Min h    200 mm
24 24
l 4800
Interior bay : Min h    171 .4 mm
28 28
Take h  200 mm
Assuming a cover of 20 mm and 12 mm bars
as the slab reinforcem ent
d  h - cover - 0.5d b  200 - 20 - 0.5  12  174 mm

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Compute Factored Loads
9
Factored Load
Considerin g a 1m wide strip of slab.
Slab self weight : wDs  h   c  0 .200  24  4 .8 kN/m 2
Superimpos ed dead load : wDi  0.5 kN/m 2
Total dead load : wD  wDs  wDi  4 .8  0 .5  5.3 kN/m 2
Live load : wL  3.0 kN/m 2
Factored load : wu  1.4 wD  1.7 wL  1.4  5.3  1.7  3.0  12.52 kN/m 2
Load per m along design strip  12.52  1  12.52 kN/m

wL  3wD , so we can use the SBC/ACI moment coefficien ts for

the calculatio n of the positive and the negative moments.

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Thickness for flexure
10
Thickness for flexure
The maximum value for M u is at the first interior support
since l n  4 .5 m throughou t.
wu l n2 12 .52  4 .5 2

M u  Cm w l  2
u n
10
 
10
 25 .4 kN.m/m l n  4 .8 - 0 .3  4 .5 m

A
  Steel ratio  s  0.01 (assume). (1% steel is a reasonable upper limit for a slab)
bd
f 420
  Reinforcem ent index   y'  0.01   0 .15
fc 28
R  flexural - resistance factor
R  f c' 1 - 0.59   0.15  28  1 - 0.59  0.15  3.83 MPa

M n  R(bd 2 )  fM n  fR(bd 2 )  M u  fR(bd 2 )

6 2  25.4  106 
 25.4 10  0.9  3.83  1000  d  d   
 0 .9  3 .83  1000 
 d  85.8 mm  Actual d (  174 mm) O.K.

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Thickness for Shear
11
Thickness for shear
The maximum shear is at the exterior face of the first interior support.
w l  12 .52  4 .5
Vu  C v  u n   1 .15   32 .4 kN/m
 2  2
 f'   f' 
fVc  f  c 
bw d  Vu  f  c 
b d
 6   6  w
   
 1 28 
32.4 1000  0.75    1000  d

 6 
32.4 1000  6
d   49 mm  Actual d ( 174 mm) O.K.
0.75  28 1000

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Main Reinforcement for the slab
12

M u  25.4 kNm/m
Assuming jd  0.95d  0.95 174  165.3 mm
Mu Mu 25.4  106
 As     406.5 mm 2 /m
 a  ff y  jd  0.9  420  165.3
ff y  d - 
 2
With this estiamte, iterate once to have a better estimate of the lever arm jd
As f y 406.5  420
a   7.2 mm;
0.85 f c' b 0.85  28 1000
 a  7.2 
Lever arm   d -   174 -   170.4 mm
 2   2 

Mu 25.4  106
As    394.3 mm 2
 a  0.9  420 170.4 No further iterations are necessary, since
ff y  d - 
 2 the estimated lever arm is close to the
earlier one (% difference is less than 5%)
CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017
 Contd.
13
Minimum Reinforcement
As ,min  0.0018bh  Provided steel area :

 As ,min  0.0018  1000  200  12 2
Abb 4
As /m    1000  452.2 mm 2 / m
 As ,min  360 mm 2 / m  As OK s 250

Tension control check using the provided steel area :

Required bar spacing : As f y 452.2  420
Abb  / 412 2 1000 a '
  7.98 mm
s   286.7 mm 0.85 f c b 0.85  28 1000
As 394.3 a 7.98
c   9.39 mm
1 0.85
Maximum spacing :
d -c 174 - 9.39
3h  3  200  600 mm  t   cu  (0.003)  0.0526
smax  Min    300 mm c 9.39
 300 mm 
  t  0.0526  0.005 OK
Section is tension controlled. Therefore use f  0.90
Use 250 - mm spacing i.e. f12@250 c/c for this slab design.
CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017
 Temperature reinforcement for the Slab
14
Temperature and shrinkage steel
As ,min  0.0018bh
 As ,min  0.0018  1000  200  360 mm 2 /m

Maximum spacing :
4h  4  200  800 mm 
smax  Min    300 mm
 300 mm 
Required bar spacing :
Abb  / 4 12 2  1000
s   314 mm  smax  Use s  smax
As 360

Use 300 - mm spacing i.e. f12@300 c/c

Note: Maximum spacing for temperature and shrinkage steel in SBC 304 is
different from ACI 318 Section 7.12.2
CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017
 Calculation of reinforcement for the supports and
the mid spans
15
Required bar spacing for minimum steel :
Abb  / 412 2 1000
s   314 mm  use s max  300 mm
As 360
Provided steel area for minimum steel :

 12 2
Ab b 4
As /m   1000  376.8 mm 2 / m
s 300 wu l n2  12 .52  4.5 2  253 .5

1 ln ( m) 4.5 m (End span) 4.5 m (interior span)

2 wu ln2 253.5 253.5 253.5 253.5 253.5

3 -1/24 1/14 -1/10 -1/11 1/16 -1/11

Cm

4 M u (kN.m/m) 10.65 18 25.4 23.1 15.9 23.1

5 As reqd.(mm 2 /m) 163.3 277.7 394.3 357.5 244.1 357.5

6 As , min (mm 2 /m) 360 360 360 360 360 360

7 Reinforcement f12@300 c/c f12@300 c/c f12@250 c/c f12@300 c/c f12@300 c/c

8 As prov.(mm2 /m) 376.8 376.8 452.4 376.8 376.8

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Slab Reinforcement Detailing
16

Fig. A-5 (c) of your text book (6th edition)

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Detailing
17

Fig. below shows the cross-section of the slab showing the reinforcement. The bar cut-
off points are located using Fig. A-5 (c) of the text book (6th edition).

f12@300 c/c f12@250 c/c f12@300 c/c

1125 1350 1350 1350 1350

4500 4500 4500

f12@300 c/c
f12@300 c/c
Min. 150 mm (temp. steel)

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Problem-2
18
A one-way slab of 175 mm thickness is
supported on 400 mm wide and 600 mm 1 2 3 4 5
deep beams and girders as shown below. C
The slab carries a superimposed dead
load (SDL) of 3.0 kN/m2 and a live load
of 4.0 kN/m2. Using fc’= 28 MPa, fy =
8.4 m
420 MPa and unit weight of concrete =
24 kN/m3. Calculate the ultimate uniform
load on beam 3.
B

8.8 m

A
4.2 m 4.0 m 4.0 m 4.2 m

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Solution
19

lt  Tributary width for Beam 3  4.0 m

hw  web thickness  Beam depth( h ) - Slab thickness ( hs )  600 - 175  425 mm

1 2 3 4 5
C

Ultimate uniform load on Beam 3

wbu  1.4 wbD  1.7 wbL 8.4 m

where, B

wbD  ( SDL   c hs )  lt   c hw  bbw

 wbD  (3  24  0.175 )  4  24  0 .425  0.4  32 .88 kN/m 8.8 m

2
wbL  wL  lt  4 .0  4.0  16 kN/m
A
 wbu  1 .4 wbD  1.7 wbL  1.4  32 .88  1.7  16  73 .232 kN/m 4.2 m 4.0 m 4.0 m 4.2 m

Now moments and shears at critical locations can be obtained through coefficient
method and then the beam can be designed using the knowledge of Design of
Flanged sections (T-beams).

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Problem-3
20
8.2 m 8.0 m
A joist slab is shown in the figure. Floor beams
are shown in x-direction whereas girders and E
joists are shown in y-direction. 4.0
Beams and girders have the same section 300
×600 mm; Column section 300 × 300 mm D
Superimposed dead load (SDL) is 1.5 kN/m2 4.0
Live load: LL = 3.0 kN/m2; External beams /
C
girders support wall load of 14.4 kN/m
Hourdis blocks were used with unit weight of 4.0
12 kN/m3. Design the joists.
B
Joist Data (mm) 4.0

A
50 1 2 3
250

500
125 125

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Solution
(Steps in the analysis and design of Joist slabs)

21

1. Thickness: Determine or check thickness

2. Geometry and Loading: Check joist dimensions and determine loading,
adding possible Hourdis weight to dead load
3. Analysis: Determine ultimate moments / shear forces at major locations
using coefficient method (if conditions are satisfied)
4. Flexural RC design: Perform RC design using standard methods
5. Shrinkage reinforcement: Determine shrinkage reinforcement and
corresponding spacing
6. Shear check: Perform shear check with Vc increased by 10%. If not checked,
stirrups must be provided.
7. Flange check: Part of the flange is un-reinforced. It must be checked as a
plain concrete member.
8. Detailing: Draw execution plans

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Step-1: Total Joist Thickness
22

Joist can be modeled as a continuous beam with four equal spans

Use Table 9.5(a) for hmin

Simply One end Both ends
supported continuous continuous Cantilever
Solid one-
L / 20 L / 24 L / 28 L / 10
way slab
Beams / Ribs L / 16 L / 18.5 L / 21 L/8
L 4000
Spans 1 and 4 : (One end continuous) : hmin    216.22 mm
18.5 18.5
L 4000
Spans 2 and 3 : (Both ends continuous) : hmin    190.48 mm
21 21
 hmin  216.22 mm , h  hmin  OK (no deflection check required)
Total joist thickness : h  h f  hw  50  250  300 mm

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Step-2: Geometry and Loading
23
A) Geometry: Check joist dimensions
Web width : bw  125 mm  100 mm  OK
Web thickness : hw  250 mm  3.5bw  3.5 125  437.5 mm  OK
S / 12  500 / 12  41.67 mm
Flange thickness : h f  50 mm     OK
50 mm 
Spacing : S  500 mm  800 mm  OK
Flange width : b f  S  bw  500  125  625 mm
Loading: Area loading (SDL and LL) applied on all floor area

Dead : w jD  ( SDL   c h jf )  b jf   c b jw h jw   b Sh jw
w jD  (1.5  24  0.05)0.625  24  0.12 5  0.25  12  0.5  0.25
 w jD  3.9375 kN/m
Live : w jL  LL  b jf  3  0.625  1.875 kN/m
Ultimate : w ju  1.4 w jD  1.7 w jL  8.70 kN/m

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Steps 3:Analysis
(Results for first two spans)
l 
M u  Cm wu (ln ) 2 Vu  Cv wu  n 
2

First Span (external) Second Span (internal)

L (m) 4.0 4.0
Ln (m) 3.7 3.7
wu (kN/m) 8.70 8.70
Moment coeff. Cm -1/24 1/14 -1/10 -1/11 1/16 -1/11

Ln (m) 3.7 3.7 3.7  3.7 3.7  3.7 3.7

2 2
Moments (kN.m) -4.96 8.51 -11.91 -10.83 7.44 -10.83
Shear coeff. Cv 1.0 1.15 1.0 1.0
3.7

Ln (m) 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7

Shear forces (kN) 16.09 18.51 16.09 16.09
Note that the external negative moment coefficient is (-1/24) because the joist is supported by beams.
CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui 24 May 28, 2017
 Step 4: Flexural Design (Outline)
25

 Standard RC design of a T-section with concrete cover = 20 mm

 Assume bar diameter db = 12 mm and stirrup diameter ds = 8 mm
 Minimum steel area is 110.8 mm2 requiring 1f12 bar
 RC design for internal negative moment Mu = 11.91 kN.m
 We find As = 129.9 mm2 (greater than minimum) requiring 2f12 bars (we may use two 10 mm
bars).
 We must perform RC design in other locations.

db 12
Steel depth d  h - cover - - d s  300 - 20 - - 8  266 mm
2 2

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Step 5: Shrinkage Reinforcement
26

 As in one way solid slabs, shrinkage steel (in secondary

slab direction) is equal to minimum steel.
 Ashr = Asmin = 0.0018 bh = 0.0018 ×1000 × 50 = 90 mm2
(we consider 1 m strip)
 We use a smaller diameter of 10 mm. Thus : Ab = 78.5
mm2

bAb 1000  78.5

The correspond ing spacing is : s    872.2 mm
As 90
Maximum spacing for shrinkage steel is :
smax  Min ( 4h , 300 mm )  Min ( 4  50 , 300)  200 mm  Use : f10 @ 200 mm

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Step 6: Shear Check
27
We must check that concrete is sufficient to resist shear on its own with its nominal shear
strength increased by 10 % .
Ultimate shear
L 3.7
Vu  Cv w ju n  1.15  8.70  18.51 kN
2 2
Nominal and design concrete shear strength

f c' 25
Vc  1.1 bw d  1.1 125  266  30479 N  30.48 kN
6 6
fVc  0.75Vc  22.86 kN
 fVc  Vu  OK  No stirrups are required

Note: If shear is not OK, we must design the joist for stirrups.

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Step 7: Flange check
28

• Flange part between webs is unreinforced w

and must be checked as a plain concrete
member.
• We analyze a 1m strip. s
• It is considered as fixed to both webs with a
length equal to spacing s = 500 mm = 0.5 m
• The section is b × hf = 1000 × 50 mm
• The ultimate uniform load is obtained from
slab loading:

wsu  1.4SDL  c hf  1.7LL  1.41.5  24 0.05 1.73  8.88 kN/m2

w  wsu 1m  8.881m  8.88 kN/m

• The maximum ultimate moment at fixed ends is:

w s 2 8.88  0.52
Mu    0.185 kN.m
12 12

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Contd.
29

As the member is un-reinforced, the nominal capacity must be based on uncracked

concrete considering concrete tension strength (modulus of rupture), as defined by SBC:
fr
f r  0.7 f c'  3.5 MPa

fr

• The nominal moment for an uncracked rectangular section with maximum stress
equal to tension strength is:
2
bh f 1000  50 2
M n  fr  3.5  1458333 N.mm  1.458 kN.m
6 6
For plain concrete : f  0.65
fM n  0.65 1.458  0.948 kN.m  M u  0.185 kN.m 
 Flange is OK

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Step 9: Detailing
30

Standard execution plans conforming to ACI / SBC provisions for beams and ribs

1-f12 2-f12
Max (ln1/3 ,ln2/3) Max (ln2/3 ,ln3/3)

Ln1 /4

ln1 ln2 ln3

1f12
Min. 150 mm

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Further Reading
31

Read more about the continuous beams and one-way

slabs from:
1. Reinforced concrete, Mechanics and Design by James
K. Wight and James G. Macgregor, Sixth Edition,
Pearson Prentice Hall, USA.
2. Design of Reinforced Concrete by Jack C. McCormac
and Russell H. Brown, Eighth Edition, John Wiley &
Sons.

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017

 Thank You
32

CE 370 (RC Design- I) : Dr. Nadeem A. Siddiqui May 28, 2017