Wind Loads Using ASCE 7-

7-10
Windows and Doors

presented by
T. Eric Stafford
T. Eric Stafford & Associates, LLC

1
ASCE 7-
7-10

Available May 2010

Most comprehensive update to wind load
provisions since ASCE 7-98

Referenced in the 2012 IBC and the 2012 IRC

Referenced in the 2010 Florida Building
Codes (Primary references in the Building
and Residential Codes)

2
ASCE 7-
7-10
Wind Provisions

Topics Discussed
– Wind speed maps
– Converting ASCE 7-10 pressures for design
pressures on windows and doors

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Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy

Answer to life, the universe, and
everything?

4
Answer

0.6

5
ASCE 7-
7-10
Basic Wind Speeds

Basic wind speeds didn’t changed at
all from ASCE 7-98 through ASCE 7-
05

3-sec gust wind speeds introduced in
ASCE 7-95 to replace fastest-mile
wind speeds

Minor adjustments between ASCE 7-
95 and ASCE 7-98
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ASCE 7-
7-10
Basic Wind Speeds

3 new maps
– Risk Category II (700 year return period)
– Risk category III and IV (1700 year
return period)
– Risk Category I (300 year return period)

Strength design-based or “Ultimate”
wind speeds

Risk Category replaces the term
Occupancy Category 7
ASCE 7-
7-10
Basic Wind Speeds

Risk Categories replace Occupancy
Categories
– Risk Category I Occupancy Category I
– Risk Category II Occupancy Category II
– Risk Category III Occupancy Category III
– Risk Category IV Occupancy Category IV

Table 1.5-1

Table 1604.5 in IBC
8
Risk Category II

9
Risk Category III and IV

10
Risk Category I

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ASCE 7-7-10
Strength Design Load Combinations
ASCE 7-05
1.2D + 1.6W + L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
0.9D+ 1.6W

ASCE 7-10
1.2D + 1.0W + L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
0.9D+ 1.0W

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ASCE 7-
7-10
Allowable Stress Design Load Combinations
ASCE 7-05
D + (W or 0.7E)
0.6D + W

ASCE 7-05
D + (0.6W or 0.7E)
0.6D + 0.6W

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ASCE 7-
7-10
Basic Wind Speeds

Implications
– Net wind loads are decreasing

New data suggests ASCE 7-05 wind
speeds are conservative

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ASCE 7-
7-10
Basic Wind Speeds

How to compare ASCE 7-05 design
pressures to ASCE 7-10 design
pressures
– Adjust the wind speed (√0.6)
– Adjust design pressures (0.6)

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Comparison of (V700/√1.6) to ASCE 7-
7-05 Wind Speeds

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 110
130

140

110

110

140
120
150 130 130
150

140
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 120
150 130
140

90 90
100 110 18
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Design Pressure Comparisons
Risk Category II - Florida
Percent Difference in
V V Comparable Design
City ASCE 7- ASCE 7-10 Pressures
05/2007 FBC (est.) Exp B Exp D2,3
Inland Coastal
Pensacola 140 155 -27% -12%
Tampa 123 145 -17% 0%
Orlando 110 135 -10% NA
Miami-Dade1 146 175 -14%1 +3%
Broward1 140 170 -12%1 +6%
Tallahassee 110 118 -31% NA
Gainesville 100 125 -7% NA
Jacksonville 120 125 -35% -22% 19
Design Pressure Comparisons
Risk Category II - Louisiana
Percent Difference in
V V
Comparable Design
City ASCE 7- ASCE 7-
Pressures
05/2009 IBC 10/2012 IBC
Exp B Exp D
New Orleans 126 144 -22% -6%

Baton Rouge 106 124 -18% -1%

Shreveport 90 115 -2% +18%

Lafayette 107 130 -11% +6%

Lake Charles 108 131 -12% +6%

Metairie 124 142 -21% -6%

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Design Pressure Comparisons
Risk Category II - Alabama
Percent Difference in
Comparable Design
Pressures
V V
City
ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10
Exp D
Exp B (formerly
Exp C)
Mobile 130 153 -17% 0%
Dauphin
150 160 -32% -18%
Island
Orange
145 157 -30% -15%
Beach
Citronelle 118 143 -12% +5%
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Bay Minette 125 149 -15% +2%
Design Pressure Comparisons Risk
Category II – South Carolina
Percent Difference in
Comparable Design
Pressures
V V
City
ASCE 7-05 ASCE 7-10
Exp D
Exp B (formerly
Exp C)
Charleston 131 147 -24% -9%

Columbia 95 115 -12% +6%

Hilton Head 128 141 -27% -13%

Beaufort 124 140 -24% -8%

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2012 International Codes

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2012 IBC

Section 1609.1.1 (excerpt.).

The wind speeds in Figure 1609A, 1609B and

1609C shall be converted to nominal wind
speeds, Vasd, in accordance with Section 1609.3.1
when the provisions of the standards referenced
in Exceptions 1 through 5 and 7 are used unless
the wind provisions in the standards are based
on Ultimate Wind Speeds as specified in Figures
1609A, 1609B, or 1609C or Chapter 26 of ASCE 7.

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2012 IBC

Wind Speed, Vult. Ultimate design wind

speeds.

Wind Speed, Vasd. Nominal design

wind speeds.

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2012 IBC

Section 1609.3.1 Converting from Vult

to Vasd

Vasd = Vult√0.6
Where:
Vasd = allowable stress design wind speed applicable to
methods specified in Exceptions 1 through 5 of Section
1609.1.1
Vult = strength design wind speeds determined from Figures
1609A, 1609B, or 1609C. 26
 2012 IBC
TABLE 1609.3.1
WIND SPEED CONVERSIONS

Vult 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

Vasd 78 85 93 101 108 116 124 132 139 147 155

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2012 IRC Wind Provisions

Wind provisions in the 2012 IRC
differ significantly from the 2012 IBC

Different basis for wind speed maps
(ASD)

Different wind-borne debris region
triggers

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 2012 IRC Wind Provisions

Using the strength design-based maps in the
2012 IRC was deemed not workable due to the
significant number of ASD-based wind speed
triggers. ASD –based wind speed
trigger
 2012 IRC Wind Provisions

Decision was made to create a nominal or
ASD-based map for the IRC

Accomplished by taking the ASCE 7-10 wind
speed map for Risk Category II buildings and
dividing the values by √1.6 (removes the load
factor from the map values).

Adjusted wind speeds were re-drawn
aligning contours on whole numbers

Resulting Figure R301.2(4)A in the 2012 IRC
31
Design Pressures for Windows
and Doors

Confused?

What does all this mean for testing of
windows and doors?

What's the bottom line?

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Design Pressures for Windows
and Doors

2012 IBC and 2012 IRC don’t deal
with this issue very well

2010 Florida Building Codes
specifically address this issue

2015 IBC and IRC will somewhat
address this issue

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 Design Pressures for Windows
and Doors

Bottom line for purposes of testing
windows and doors using AAMA/WDMA or
ASTM E 330:
– ASCE 7-10: multiply design pressures by 0.6
– 2012 IBC: multiply design pressures by 0.6
– 2012 IRC: use Table R301.2(2) without any
adjustments
• Note different wind speeds in 2012 IRC

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Design Pressures for Windows
and Doors

How do we get there?

2010 FBC straightforward

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2010 FBC

1609.1.5 Testing to allowable or
nominal loads. Where testing for wind
load resistance is based on allowable or
nominal wind loads, the design wind
loads determined in accordance with
ASCE 7 or 1609 are permitted to be
multiplied by 0.6 for the purposes of the
wind load resistance testing.
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2010 FBC

1715.5.1 Exterior windows and doors.
The design pressure for window and
door assemblies shall be calculated in
accordance with the component and
cladding wind loads in Section 1609.
The design pressures, as determined
from ASCE 7, are permitted to be
multiplied by 0.6.
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2012 IBC

1715.5.1. Exterior windows and doors.

The design pressures for window and door
assemblies shall be calculated in accordance
with component and cladding wind loads in
Section 1609.

Does not directly address this issue<would
have to have an understanding of what the
new maps mean.

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2012 IRC

Not an issueEwind speeds are ASD-
based and component and cladding
loads in Table R301.2(2) are ASD-
level.

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Example

SFD in Charleston, SC

Suburban environment

MRH less than 30 feet

Window size = 20 square feet

Find required DP using ASCE 7-10
and 2012 IRC

Window in corner zone
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ASCE 7-
7-10

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ASCE 7-
7-10

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ASCE 7-
7-10

VULT = 147 mph

q = 0.00256(0.85)(0.7)(147)2
q = 32.91 psf

p = 32.91 (-1.3 - 0.18)
p = 48.71 psf (strength design)

Required DP = 48.71 x 0.6 = 29.2 psf

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2012 IRC

Get wind speed from Figure
R301.2(4)A

VASD = VULT√0.6

VASD = 147 √0.6

VASD = 114 mph

Use Table R301.2(2) and R301.2(3)

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45
2012 IRC

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2012 IRC

a = 4 ft

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2012 IRC

VASD = 114 mph

From Table R301.2(2)
p = 29.3 psf

Required DP = 29.3 psf

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2015 I-
I-Codes

Any new clarifications?

A littleE

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2015 IBC

1710.5 Exterior window and door
assemblies. The design
pressure<Section 1710.5.1 or
1710.5.2. For the purposes of this
section, the required design pressure
shall be determined using the allowable
stress design load combinations of
Section 1605.3.
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2015 IRC

Wind speed map has been changed
to Vult consistent with ASCE 7 and
IBC

Table R301.2(2) still gives ASD-based
pressures

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2015 IRC

R301.2.1.3 Wind speed conversion.
Where referenced documents are based on
nominal design wind speeds and do not
provide the means for conversion between
ultimate design wind speeds and the
nominal design wind speeds, the ultimate
design winds of Figure R301.2(4)A shall be
converted to nominal design wind speeds
using Table R301.2.1.3. 52
ASCE 7-
7-10
Enclosure Classification

Protection of Glazed Openings
– Wind-borne debris region triggered by
wind speed
– New wind speeds necessitate
recalibration of the trigger.

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ASCE 7-7-10
Protection of Glazed Openings

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ASCE 7-7-10
Protection of Glazed Openings

Cont.

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ASCE 7-7-10
Protection of Glazed Openings

Risk Category II and Risk Category III
Buildings, excluding health care facilities
use Risk Category II Map wind speeds

Risk Category III health care facilities
and Risk Category IV Buildings use Risk
Category III and IV Map wind speeds

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58
59
ASCE 7-
7-10 WBDR Risk
Category II

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ASCE 7-
7-10 WBDR Risk
Category II

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WBDR
Risk Category II
Buildings and
Risk Category III
excluding
healthcare
facilities

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WBDR
Risk Category IV
Buildings and
Risk Category III
healthcare
facilities

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The End

T. Eric Stafford, P.E.

testafford@charter.net
205/987-9034
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