CHAPTER :6 MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Q1 nucleotides nitrogen base is joined to the sugar molecule by

A phosphodiester Bond B glycosidic Bond

C hydrogen bond D both a and b

Ans: B

Q2 if a double stranded DNA has 20 thymine the percentage of guanine in DNA is

A 30% B 10%

C 90% D 40%

Ans: A

Q3 Who has named as nuclein

A thomas Watson B francis Crick

C frederich Meischer D Gregor Mendel

Ans: C

Q4 histones are basic in nature because it is rich in the following amino acid(s)

A lysine B arginine

C both a and b D none of these

Ans: C

Q5 DNA and RNA differs from each other in the types of -

A sugar and phosphate B sugar and purines

C purine and phosphate D sugar and pyrimidines

Ans: D
Q6 the stretch of condons between AUG and a stop codon is called

A open reading B tata box

C collinearity D degenerate frame

Ans: A

Q7 which of the following strand will act as a template strand in transcription

A strand polarity 5-3 B strand polarity 3-5

C both a and b D none of them

Ans:B

Q8 splicing in translation is done to remove

A exons B introns

C amino acid D none of them

Ans: B

Q9 During transcription initiation factors associated with RNA polymerase in

prokaryotes is

A beta B omega

C gama D sigma

Ans: D

Q10 sickle Cell anaemia is caused due to the change in amino acid Residue

A glutamate to valine B arginine to valine

C glutamate to arginine D None of them

Ans: A
Q11 the structural gene in Lac Operon transcribe mRNA which is

A polystronic B replicative

C monokaryotic D monocistronic

Ans: A

Q12 hgp is closely associated with which branch of biology

A genetics B biochemistry

C biomedical Sciences D bioinformatics

Ans:D

Q13 in human chromosome which contains the least number of genes

Ax B Chromosome 1

C y chromosome D chromosome 21

Ans: C

Q14 in a DNA strand the nucleotides are linked together by

A peptide bands B hydrogen Bands

C glycosidic band D phosphodiester bands

Ans: D

Q15 nucleoside differs from nucleotide as it lacks the

A base B sugar

C phosphate group D hydroxyl group

Ans: C

Q16 The promoter site and The Terminator site for transcription are located at

A five upstream end B 3 end 5 end of transcription unit

C 3 downstream End D 5 end and 3 end of transcription unit

Ans: B

Q17 One of the following is true with respect to AUG

A It codes for methionine only

B codes for methionine and is a start codon

C it is a code which stop initiation

D it codes for methionine and is a stop codon.

Ans:B

EXERCISE :1

Fill in the blanks:

Q1. The short pieces in the lagging strands during synthesis of DNA are joined by
________________ enzymes. (DNA ligase) (R)

Q2. A non coding intervening nucleotide sequence in a eukaryotic gene is called

___________________. (intron)(U)

Q3. The region of a gene which becomes a part of mRNA & has codes for the
different region of proteins is termed as ___________. (Cistron) (R)

Q4. The codon that codes for Methionine and is also a start codon is _________.
(AUG) (R)

Q5. During DNA synthesis in bacterial cells the __________ enzyme does the
proof reading. (DNA polymerase)

Q6. In the living system 2 types of nucleic acid are found, they are ________ &
__________. (DNA, RNA)

Q7. The plant on which Taylor Et Al performed their experiment is

_____________. (Vicia faba) (R)

Q8. The number of base pairs in DNA of E. Coli is ___________. (4.7 x 106)(R)

Q9. The total number of amino acids formed in our body is _________. (20)(R)
Q10. In our body the largest bio molecule is ___________. (nucleic acid)(U)

Q11. A mNRA also has some additional sequences that are not translated, they are
termed as __________. (UTR) (R)

Q12. A polycistronic structural gene is regulated by a common ____________ and

________________ genes. (promoter , regulatory) (E&A)

Q13. In biotechnology experiments the commonly used hosts were bacteria and
yeast for cloning and the vectors used were ______ & ______. (BAC, YAC)(R)

Q14. SNP’s stands for ________________________. (Single Nucleotide

Polymorphism)(R)

Q15. In human genome the bulk DNA forms a major Peak and other part of DNA
that forms small peak is referred as ____________. (satellite DNA)(R)

Q16. Alec Jeffrey used satellite DNA that shows very high degree of
polymorphism for ____________________ technique. (DNA finger printing)(R)

Q17. In human beings the chromosome number one has _______ genes. (2968)(R)
Q18. HGP was closely associated with the rapid development of a new area of
biology called ____________________. (Bio informatics). (R)

EXERCISE :2

Fill in the blanks:

Q1. The ‘Central dogma’ of molecular biology was originally formulated in 1958
by ___________________. (crick) (R)

Q2. Under electron microscope the ____________ gives a beads on string

appearance. (Nucleosome)(R)

Q3. Frenderick Griffith performed the experiments on bacterial transformation

using ____________________, the bacterium that causes pneumonia.
(Streptococcus pneumonia)(R)
Q4. The chromatin that is more densely packed and stains dark and is less active
are called as ____________________. (Heterochromatin)(R)

Q5. The replication occurred within a small opening of the DNA helix referred to
as _________________________. (replication fork)(U)

Q6. In eukaryotes, the replication of DNA takes place with ______________ of the
cell cycle. (S-phase)(U)

Q7. The strand which does not code during transcription is referred to as -
___________________________________. (coding strand)(U)

Q8. The promoter and ___________ regions flank the structural gene in a
transcription unit. (terminator)(U)

Q9. DNA chemically is less ____________ and structurally more _____________

compared to RNA. (reactive and stable)(U)

Q10. The packaging of chromatin at higher level requires additional set of proteins
that collectively referred to as ______________ chromosomal proteins. (non-
histone)(R)

Q11. A codon code for only one particular amino acid, hence it is __________ and
_________________. (unambiguous, specific)(U)

Q12. The code is nearly universal, from bacteria to humans, eg: UUU codes for
__________________________. (Phenylalanine)(U)

Q13. Besides splicing the nnRNA undergoes two additional processes called
___________ and ___________. (capping and tailing)(R)

Q14. The ribosome also acts as a catalyst in bacteria for eg: the enzyme
__________ catalyzes the formation of peptide bond. (ribozyme)(R)

Q15. An mRNA also has some additional sequences at both ends that are not
translated and area referred as ______________________. (untranslated regions)
(R)
Q16. In the secondary structure of t-RNA it has been depicted that it looks a
__________ but in actual structure, the t-RNA looks like an inverted ____. (clover
bay, L)(EA)

Q17. Lactose is the substitute for the enzyme _____________. (beta-qalactoside)

(R)

Q18. Identifying all the genes that are expressed as RNA us referred to as
_________________. (Expressed Sequence Tags)(R)

Q19. HGP was closely associated with the rapid development of a new area in
biology called ___________________. (Bioinformatics)(R&L)

Q20. In human beings the number of genes is chromosome 1 is ____________ and

that in chromosome Y is ___________. (2968,231)(R)

EXERCISE :3

Fill in the blanks:

Q1. Chromosome are made of two types of macromolecules namely __________

& ____________. (Protein and nucleic acid)(R)
Q2. The strand which is transcribed into mRNA is termed as ______________.
(template strand)(U)
Q3. DNA fingerprinting is based on the principle of _____________ in DNA
sequences. (polymorphism)(A)
Q4. The organism used by Mathew Maselson and Franklin Stahl to provide strong
evidence for semiconservative mode of DNA replication was ________________.
(Escherichia coli)(R)
Q5. The number of histones that are organized to form a unit in nucleosome is and
they form the structure called histone ______________. (histone octomen)(R)
Q6. In DNA replication the small fragments called ______________ are joined by
_________________ enzymes. (R)
Q7. Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon. Such codon are termed
as __________________ codons. (degenerative)(A&E)
Q8. AUG codes for _____________ acid and also act as _____________ codon.
(Methionine, imdicator)(R)
Q9. The bacteriophage named _____________ has 5386 nucleotides. (ɸX174)(R)
Q10. DNA present in nucleus was first identified by the scientist _____________.
(Friederier Meischer)
Q11. Densely packed less active and dark stain chromatin are called
____________. (Heterochromatin)(U)
Q12. Frederick Griffith performed an experiment using __________________
bacteria. (streptococcus pneumonia)(R)
Q13. The strand which does not code mRNA during transcription is referred as
________________________. (coding strand)(A)
Q14. A segment of DNA coding for a polypeptide is called ________________.
(cistern)(U&R)
Q15. The human genome contains _____________ million nucleotide base pairs.
(3164.7)(R)
EXERCISE:4

Q1. Satellite DNA is useful tool in ____________ science for identifying

criminals. (Forensic)(U)

Q2. Enzyme _____________ adds complementary ____________ to DNA

fragments in direction. ()(U)

Q3. Repressor proteins are coded by _____________ genes. (regulating)(R)

Q4. RNA polymerase is capable of catalyzing only the process of

_______________. (transcription)(R)

Q5. DNA sequence that code for protein are known as ________. (codon)(U)

Q6. ________ and __________ found DNA to be helix. (Watson , drek)(R)

Q7. The coding sequences found in split genes are called __________. (intrans)
(R)

Q8. The initiation codon is ___________. (AUG)(R)

Q9. The strand which is transcribed during transcription is ____________. ()(R)

Q10. The synthesis of protein is called ____________. (translation)(U)

Q11. The synthesis of protein from mRNA is called _________. (translation)(R)

Q12. VNTR stands for __________ number of tandar repeat. (variable)(R)

Q13. The i gene of lac operon codes for ___________ gene. (regulatory)(R)
Q14. The organelles in the cell where protein synthesis occurs are ____________.
(ribosomes)(R)

Q15. Polymorphism arises due to ____________. (mutation)(R)

Q16. A DNA codon consist of ______________. ()(U)

Q17. There are __________ different kind of amino acid. (20)(R)

Q18. ______________ is used as initiator codon. (AUG)(R)

Q19. The regulatory charged DNA is attached with freshly charged protcheais
structure called ___________. (histone)()

Q20. The t-RNA is called as __________ molecule. (adaptor)(R)