Climate emergency:

2019 was second hottest year on

record
Last decade was also hottest yet in 150 years of measurements, say
scientists

Damian Carrington Environment editor 15 Jan 2020

‘The drumbeat of the Anthropocene’: alarming heat records revealed.

The year 2019 was the second hottest on record for the planet’s surface,
according to latest research. The analyses reveal the scale of the climate crisis:
both the past five years and the past decade are the hottest in 150 years.
The succession of records being broken year after year is “the drumbeat of the
Anthropocene”, said one scientist, and is bringing increasingly severe storms,
floods, droughts and wildfires.
The previous hottest year was in 2016, the year that a natural El Niño
event boosted temperatures. The new data is for the average global surface air
temperature. More than 90% of the heat trapped by human greenhouse gas
emissions is absorbed by the oceans, but on Monday scientists revealed 2019
as the warmest yet recorded in the seas, calling it “dire news”.
The average temperature in 2019 was about 1.1C above the average from
1850-1900, before large-scale fossil fuel burning began. The world’s scientists
have warned that global heating beyond 1.5C will significantly worsen extreme
weather and suffering for hundreds of millions of people.

The World Economic Forum’s global risk assessment for the next decade, also
published on Wednesday, found the top five dangers were all environmental,
including extreme weather, failure to prepare for climate change and the
destruction of the natural world.

“The last decade was easily the warmest decade in the record and is the first
decade more than 1C above late 19th-century temperatures,” said Gavin
Schmidt, of Nasa’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, which produced one of
the temperature records.
“What is important is the totality of evidence from multiple independent data
sets that the Earth is warming, that human activity is driving it and the impacts
are clearly being felt,” he said. “These announcements might sound like a
broken record, but what is being heard is the drumbeat of the Anthropocene.”
‘Warming stripes’ represent annual temperatures from 1850 to 2019, with darker reds
representing the warmest years. Photograph: Ed Hawkins

“It’s now official that we have just completed the warmest decade on record, a
reminder that the planet continues to warm as we continue to burn fossil fuels,” said
Prof Michael Mann at Penn State University in the US.
While instrumental temperature records stretch back to 1850, data from ice cores
indicate that today’s temperatures were last seen at least 100,000 years ago.
Furthermore, the level of carbon dioxide is the highest it has been for several million
years, when the sea level was 15-20 metres higher.
The four temperature datasets are compiled from many millions of surface
temperature measurements taken across the globe, from all continents and all oceans.
They are produced by the UK Met Office with the University of East Anglia (UEA), both
Nasa and Noaa in the US, and Europe’s Copernicus Climate Change Service. Small
differences between the analyses arise from how data-sparse polar regions are
treated, but all agree that the past five years are the warmest five years since each
global record began.

The Met Office’s forecast for global average temperature for 2020 suggests this year
could well set another record and is very likely to be among the top three hottest. The
UK government will host a critical UN climate summit in Glasgow in November. The UN
secretary general, António Guterres, and many others are urging nations to increase
dramatically their pledges to cut carbon emissions, which would lead to global
temperatures rising by a disastrous 3-4C.ero economy is the growth story of the 21st
century.”
Rosie Rogers, of Greenpeace UK, said: “We’re breaking more records than Usain Bolt,
but there are no gold medals for dangerous temperature rises, or the floods and fires
that come with it. We cannot run away from the climate emergency.”