Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Submitted By:
Project UNIQ
Coordinator
TECHNOLOGIES
CANDIDATE NAME :
COLLEGE NAME :
DEPARTMENT :
DOMAIN OF INTERNSHIP :
DURATION :
PROJECT NAME :
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DAY 1:
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger
mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as
part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded
systems control many devices in common use today. An embedded system is a
computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often
with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including
hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.
Embedded systems are generally classified into two types .They are
Laptops
Mobile phones
Air conditioner
Traffic light controllers
The major difference between these two embedded systems is that the general purpose system
uses microprocessor while the other one uses microcontroller. Now let us have a look on the
differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller.
Microprocessor is an IC which has only the CPU inside them i.e. only the processing powers
such as Intel’s Pentium 1,2,3,4, core 2 duo, i3, i5 etc. These microprocessors don’t have RAM,
ROM, and other peripheral on the chip. A system designer has to add them externally to make
them functional. Application of microprocessor includes Desktop PC’s, Laptops, notepads etc.
But this is not the case with Microcontrollers. Microcontroller has a CPU, in addition with a
fixed amount of RAM, ROM and other peripherals all embedded on a single chip. At times it is
also termed as a mini computer or a computer on a single chip. Today different manufacturers
produce microcontrollers with a wide range of features available in different versions. Some
manufacturers are ATMEL, Microchip, TI, Freescale, Philips, Motorola etc.
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Microcontrollers are designed to perform specific tasks. Specific means applications where the
relationship of input and output is defined. Depending on the input, some processing needs to be
done and output is delivered. For example, keyboards, mouse, washing machine, digicam,
pendrive, remote, microwave, cars, bikes, telephone, mobiles, watches, etc. Since the
applications are very specific, they need small resources like RAM, ROM, I/O ports etc and
hence can be embedded on a single chip. This in turn reduces the size and the cost.
Microprocessor find applications where tasks are unspecific like developing software, games,
websites, photo editing, creating documents etc. In such cases the relationship between input and
output is not defined. They need high amount of resources like RAM, ROM, I/O ports etc.
The clock speed of the Microprocessor is quite high as compared to the microcontroller.
Whereas the microcontrollers operate from a few MHz to 30 to 50 MHz, today’s microprocessor
operate above 1GHz as they perform complex tasks.
Examples of microprocessor: 8085 , 8086 , Intel core 7.
Examples of microcontroller:8051 , PIC , Arduino.
ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER:
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of
both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece
of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to
write and upload computer code to the physical board. Arduino provides a standard form factor
that breaks out the functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible package.
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TO BLINK AN LED:
void setup()
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
void loop()
digitalWrite(5,1);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(5,0);
delay(1000);
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TO BLINK TWO LEDS:
void setup() {
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
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void loop() {
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,1);
delay(1000);
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TO BLINK 4 LEDS IN VARIOUS SEQUENCES:
SEQUENCE 1:
void setup() {
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,1);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
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digitalWrite(5,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,1);
delay(1000);
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SEQUENCE 2:
void setup() {
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,0);
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delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,1);
delay(1000);
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SEQUENCE 3:
void setup() {
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,1);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,1);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,1);
delay(1000);
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digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
delay(1000);
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SEQUENCE 4:
void setup() {
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
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delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,1);
delay(1000);
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TO BLINK 8 LEDS IN DIFFERENT SEQUENCES:
SEQUENCE 1:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
digitalWrite(0,1);
digitalWrite(1,1);
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,1);
digitalWrite(6,1);
digitalWrite(7,1);
delay(1000);
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digitalWrite(0,0);
digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(6,0);
digitalWrite(7,0);
delay(1000);
SEQUENCE 2:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
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pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
digitalWrite(0,1);
digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(6,1);
digitalWrite(7,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(0,0);
digitalWrite(1,1);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,1);
digitalWrite(6,0);
digitalWrite(7,1);
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delay(1000);
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SEQUENCE 3:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
digitalWrite(0,1);
digitalWrite(1,1);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,1);
digitalWrite(6,0);
digitalWrite(7,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(0,0);
digitalWrite(1,0);
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digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(6,1);
digitalWrite(7,1);
delay(1000);
SEQUENCE 4:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
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pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
digitalWrite(0,1);
digitalWrite(1,1);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(6,0);
digitalWrite(7,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(0,0);
digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(6,0);
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digitalWrite(7,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(0,0);
digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,1);
digitalWrite(6,0);
digitalWrite(7,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(0,0);
digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(6,1);
digitalWrite(7,1);
delay(1000);
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DAY 2:
TO BLINK 8 LEDS USING THE ‘PORT ‘COMMAND:
SEQUENCE 1:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
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}
void loop() {
PORTD=0XFF;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X00;
delay(1000);
BARGRAPH
The LM3914 is an integrated circuit (IC) called bargraph and used to operate displays that
visually show the magnitude of an analog signal.
One LM3914 can drive up to 10 LEDs, LCDs, or vacuum fluorescent displays on its outputs. All
the devices in this group operate with a range of voltages from 3-35 V, can
drive LED and VFD displays. They can provide a regulated output current between 2-30 mA to
directly drive displays.
Internally, each device contains ten comparators and a resistor scaling network, as well as a 1.25
volt reference source. As the input voltage increases, each comparator turns on. The device can
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be configured for either a bar-graph mode, where all lower-output terminals switch on, or "dot"
mode in which only one output goes on. The device is packaged in an 18 pin dual in-line
package or in a surface mount leadless chip carrier.
SEQUENCE 1:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
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PORTD=0X0F;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0XF0;
delay(1000);
SEQUENCE 2:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
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pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
int i;
for (i=0;i<=9;i++)
digitalWrite(i,1);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(i,0);
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SEQUENCE 3:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
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pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
int i;
for (i=0;i<=9;i++)
digitalWrite(i,1);
delay(1000);
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}
SEQUENCE 4:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
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pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
int i;
for (i=0;i<=9;i++)
digitalWrite(i,1);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(i,0);
delay(1000);
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SEQUENCE 5:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
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pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
int i,j;
for(i=0,j=9;i<=4,j>=5;i++,j--)
digitalWrite(i,1);digitalWrite(j,1);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(i,0);digitalWrite(j,0);
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SEQUENCE 6:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
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pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
int i,j;
for(i=0,j=9;i<=4,j>=5;i++,j--)
digitalWrite(i,1);digitalWrite(j,1);
digitalWrite(i,0);digitalWrite(j,0);
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SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY
A seven-segment display (SSD), or seven-segment indicator, is a form of electronic display
device for displaying decimalnumerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot matrix
displays.
Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, basic calculators,
and other electronic devices that display numerical information.
There are two configurations available in seven segment display .They are:
common cathode
common anode
In common cathode ground is connected whereas in common anode power supply is connected.
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TO PRINT NUMBERS USING COMMON CATHODE SEVEN
SEGMENT DISPLAY:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
PORTD=0X3F;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X06;
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delay(1000);
PORTD=0X5B;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X4F;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X66;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X6D;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X7D;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X07;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0XFF;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0XEF;
delay(1000);
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TO PRINT NUMBERS USING COMMON ANODE SEVEN
SEGMENT DISPLAY:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
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}
void loop() {
PORTD=0X40;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X79;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X24;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X30;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X19;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X12;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X02;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X78;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X00;
delay(1000);
PORTD=0X10;
delay(1000);
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}
SWITCHES:
Pushbuttons or switches connect two points in a circuit when you press them. They also consists
of pull down resistors.
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TO BLINK AN LED USING SWITCH:
void setup() {
pinMode(2,INPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
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}
void loop() {
int a;
a=digitalRead(2);
if(a==1)
digitalWrite(3,1);
else
digitalWrite(3,0);
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TO BLINK LED USING AND OPERATION:
void setup() {
pinMode(2,INPUT);
pinMode(3,INPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
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void loop() {
int a,b;
a=digitalRead(2);
b=digitalRead(3);
if(a==1&&b==1)
digitalWrite(4,1);
else
digitalWrite(4,0);
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TO BLINK AN LED USING EXOR OPERATION:
void setup() {
pinMode(2,INPUT);
pinMode(3,INPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
int a,b;
a=digitalRead(2);
b=digitalRead(3);
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if(a==b)
digitalWrite(4,0);
else
digitalWrite(4,1);
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TO BLINK AN LED AND A BARGRAPH USING TWO SWITCHES:
void setup() {
pinMode(10,INPUT);
pinMode(9,INPUT);
pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
int a,b;
a=digitalRead(9);
b=digitalRead(10);
if(a==1&&b==0)
digitalWrite(8,1);
PORTD=0X00;
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if(a==0&&b==1)
PORTD=0XFF;
digitalWrite(8,0);
if(a==1&&b==1)
digitalWrite(8,1);
PORTD=0XFF;
if(a==0&&b==0)
digitalWrite(8,0);
PORTD=0X00;
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TO BLINK AN LED AND A 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY USING TWO
SWITCHES:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
pinMode(9,INPUT);
pinMode(10,INPUT);
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}
void loop() {
int a,b;
a=digitalRead(9);
b=digitalRead(10);
if(a==1&&b==0)
digitalWrite(8,1);
PORTD=0X00;
if(a==0&&b==1)
PORTD=0XFF;
digitalWrite(8,0);
if(a==1&&b==1)
digitalWrite(8,1);
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PORTD=0XFF;
if(a==0&&b==0)
digitalWrite(8,0);
PORTD=0X00;
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TO CONTROL A SINGLE TRAFFIC LIGHT:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
digitalWrite(0,1);
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digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(2,0);
delay(5000);
digitalWrite(0,0);
digitalWrite(1,1);
digitalWrite(2,0);
delay(5000);
digitalWrite(0,0);
digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(2,1);
delay(5000);
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TO CONTROL A TRAFFIC LIGHT USING SWITCHES:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,INPUT);
pinMode(4,INPUT);
pinMode(5,INPUT);
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void loop() {
int a,b,c;
a=digitalRead(3);
b=digitalRead(4);
c=digitalRead(5);
if(a==1&&b==0&&c==0)
digitalWrite(0,1);
digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(2,0);
else if(a==0&&b==1&&c==0)
digitalWrite(1,1);
digitalWrite(0,0);
digitalWrite(2,0);
else if(a==0&&b==0&&c==1)
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(0,0);
digitalWrite(1,0);
else
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{
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(0,0);
digitalWrite(1,0);
DAY 3:
SIMPLE DC MOTOR:
A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct
current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on
the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some
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internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change
the direction of current flow in part of the motor.
DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from
existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed
can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by
changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in
tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct current but is
a lightweight motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC
motors are used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives
for steel rolling mills.
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TO DRIVE A DC MOTOR:
void setup() {
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(2,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(2,1);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(1,1);
digitalWrite(2,0);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(1,1);
digitalWrite(2,1);
delay(1000);
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TO DRIVE TWO DC MOTORS USING TWO SWITCHES:
void setup() {
pinMode(0,INPUT);
pinMode(1,INPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
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void loop() {
int a,b;
a=digitalRead(0);
b=digitalRead(1);
if(a==1&&b==1)
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,0);
if(a==0&&b==1)
{ digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,0);
if(a==1&&b==0)
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
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}
if(a==0&&b==0)
{ digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
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fixed images with low information content, which can be displayed or hidden, such
as preset words, digits, and 7-segment displays, as in a digital clock. They use the
same basic technology, except that arbitrary images are made up of a large number
of small pixels, while other displays have larger elements.
LCDs are used in a wide range of applications including computer
monitors, televisions, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, and indoor and
outdoor signage
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(0,1,2,3,4,5);
void setup()
lcd.begin(16,2);
void loop() {
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lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("AYSWARYA");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("CEG");
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,10,9,8,7);
void setup()
lcd.begin(16,2);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
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lcd.print("Ayshu");
void loop() {
lcd.display();
delay(1000);
lcd.noDisplay();
delay(1000);
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#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,10,9,8,7);
void setup()
lcd.begin(16,2);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("AYSWARYA ");
void loop() {
int i;
for(i=0;i<9;i++)
lcd.scrollDisplayLeft();
delay(150);
for(i=0;i<25;i++)
lcd.scrollDisplayRight();
delay(150);
for(i=0;i<16;i++)
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lcd.scrollDisplayLeft();
delay(150);
delay(1000);
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,10,9,8,7);
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void setup()
pinMode(0,INPUT);
pinMode(1,INPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
int a,b;
a=digitalRead(0);
b=digitalRead(1);
if(a==0&&b==0)
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("MOTOR IS OFF");
delay(1000);
if(a==0&&b==1)
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{
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,0);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("CLOCKWISE");
delay(1000);
if(a==1&&b==0)
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,1);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("ANTICLOCKWISE");
delay(1000);
if(a==1&&b==1)
digitalWrite(2,0);
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digitalWrite(3,0);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("MOTOR IS OFF");
delay(1000);
TO DRIVE A MOTOR USING TWO SWITCHES AND DISPLAY ITS CONDITION USING
LCD:
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
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LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,10,9,8,7);
void setup()
pinMode(0,INPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
int a;
a=digitalRead(0);
if(a==1)
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,0);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("MOTOR IS ON");
delay(1000);
else
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,1);
lcd.clear();
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lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("MOTOR IS OFF");
delay(1000);
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,10,9,8,7);
void setup()
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pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
lcd.begin(16,2);
void loop() {
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("MOTOR IS OFF");
delay(150);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("ANTICLOCKWISE");
delay(150);
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digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("CLOCKWISE");
delay(150);
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DAY 4:
SENSORS:
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POTENTIOMETRIC SENSOR:
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TO BLINK AN LED ABOVE A PARTICULAR TEMPERATURE BY USING A
TEMPERATURE SENSOR:
void setup()
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(A0,INPUT);
void loop() {
int a;
a=analogRead(A0);
if(a>30)
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{
digitalWrite(3,1);
else
digitalWrite(3,0);
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,10,9,8,7);
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void setup()
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(A0,INPUT);
lcd.begin(16,2);
void loop() {
int a;
a=analogRead(A0);
if(a>30)
digitalWrite(3,1);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("TEMPERATURE");
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(a);
delay(500);
else
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digitalWrite(3,0);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("TEMPERATURE");
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(a);
delay(500);
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,10,9,8,7);
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void setup()
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(A0,INPUT);
pinMode(A1,INPUT);
pinMode(A2,INPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
lcd.begin(16,2);
void loop() {
int a,b,c;
a=analogRead(A0);
b=analogRead(A1);
c=analogRead(A2);
c=c/2;
if(a>300)
digitalWrite(3,1);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("T");
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delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(a);
delay(500);
else
digitalWrite(3,0);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("T");
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(a);
delay(500);
if(c>300)
digitalWrite(4,1);
lcd.setCursor(5,0);
lcd.print("H");
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(5,1);
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lcd.print(c);
delay(500);
else
digitalWrite(4,0);
lcd.setCursor(5,0);
lcd.print("H");
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(5,1);
lcd.print(c);
delay(500);
if(b>300)
digitalWrite(1,1);
digitalWrite(2,0);
lcd.setCursor(13,0);
lcd.print("P");
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(13,1);
lcd.print(b);
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delay(500);
else
digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(2,1);
lcd.setCursor(13,0);
lcd.print("P");
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(13,1);
lcd.print(b);
delay(500);
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}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
void loop() {
Serial.print("AYSWARYA");
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
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MINI PROJECTS:
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(13,12,11,10,9,8);
void setup()
lcd.begin(16,2);
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
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pinMode(14,OUTPUT);
pinMode(15,OUTPUT);
pinMode(16,OUTPUT);
pinMode(17,OUTPUT);
pinMode(18,OUTPUT);
pinMode(19,OUTPUT);
void loop() {
digitalWrite(2,1);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(14,1);
digitalWrite(17,1);
digitalWrite(0,0);
digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(15,0);
digitalWrite(16,0);
digitalWrite(18,0);
digitalWrite(19,0);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("NORTH GO");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
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lcd.print("OTHERS STOP");
delay(3000);
digitalWrite(5,1);
digitalWrite(0,1);
digitalWrite(14,1);
digitalWrite(17,1);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(15,0);
digitalWrite(16,0);
digitalWrite(18,0);
digitalWrite(19,0);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("EAST GO");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("OTHERS STOP");
delay(3000);
digitalWrite(16,1);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(0,1);
digitalWrite(17,1);
digitalWrite(2,0);
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digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(15,0);
digitalWrite(14,0);
digitalWrite(18,0);
digitalWrite(19,0);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("SOUTH GO");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("OTHERS STOP");
delay(3000);
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(0,1);
digitalWrite(14,1);
digitalWrite(19,1);
digitalWrite(2,0);
digitalWrite(1,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(15,0);
digitalWrite(16,0);
digitalWrite(18,0);
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digitalWrite(17,0);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("WEST GO");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("OTHERS STOP");
delay(3000);
void sendMessage1(void);
void sendMessage2(void);
void sendMessage3(void);
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#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,10,9,8,7);
void setup() {
pinMode(A0,INPUT);
pinMode(A1,INPUT);
pinMode(A2,INPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16,2);
void loop() {
int a,b,c;
a=analogRead(A0);
b=analogRead(A1);
c=analogRead(A2);
b=b/4;
c=c/5;
if(a>=37&&a<=39)
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{
digitalWrite(3,0);
Serial.print("NORMAL");
Serial.println();
Serial.print("LED IS OFF");
else
digitalWrite(3,1);
Serial.print("ABNORMAL");
sendMessage1();
Serial.println();
Serial.print("LED IS ON");
if(b>=80&&b<=140)
digitalWrite(4,0);
Serial.println();
Serial.print("LED IS OFF");
else
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digitalWrite(4,1);
sendMessage2();
Serial.println();
Serial.print("LED IS ON");
if(c>=70&&c<=100)
digitalWrite(5,0);
Serial.println();
Serial.print("LED IS OFF");
else
digitalWrite(5,1);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(c);
sendMessage3();
Serial.println();
Serial.print("LED IS ON");
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}
void sendMessage1(void)
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
Serial.print("AT+CMGF=1");
Serial.println();
delay(1000);
Serial.print("AT+CMGS=\"+918903435047\"\r");
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
delay(2000);
void sendMessage2(void)
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
Serial.print("AT+CMGF=1");
Serial.println();
delay(1000);
Serial.print("AT+CMGS=\"+918903435047\"\r");
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
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Serial.print("BLOOD PRESSURE VALUE IS ABNORMAL");
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
void sendMessage3(void)
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
Serial.print("AT+CMGF=1");
Serial.println();
delay(1000);
Serial.print("AT+CMGS=\"+918903435047\"\r");
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
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DAY 5:
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,10,9,8,7);
void setup() {
pinMode(A0,INPUT);
pinMode(A1,INPUT);
pinMode(A2,INPUT);
pinMode(A3,INPUT);
pinMode(A4,INPUT);
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
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pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
lcd.begin(16,2);
void loop() {
int a,b,c,d,e;
a=analogRead(A0);
b=analogRead(A1);
c=analogRead(A2);
d=analogRead(A3);
e=analogRead(A4);
if(a>40)
digitalWrite(0,1);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("T");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(a);
delay(1000);
else
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{
digitalWrite(0,0);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("T");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(a);
delay(1000);
if(b>70)
digitalWrite(1,1);
lcd.setCursor(3,0);
lcd.print("P");
lcd.setCursor(3,1);
lcd.print(b);
delay(1000);
else
digitalWrite(1,0);
lcd.setCursor(3,0);
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lcd.print("P");
lcd.setCursor(3,1);
lcd.print(b);
delay(1000);
if(c>100)
digitalWrite(2,1);
lcd.setCursor(7,0);
lcd.print("HB");
lcd.setCursor(7,1);
lcd.print(c);
delay(1000);
else
digitalWrite(2,0);
lcd.setCursor(7,0);
lcd.print("HB");
lcd.setCursor(7,1);
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lcd.print(c);
delay(1000);
if(d>120)
digitalWrite(3,1);
lcd.setCursor(10,0);
lcd.print("BP");
lcd.setCursor(10,1);
lcd.print(d);
delay(1000);
else
digitalWrite(3,0);
lcd.setCursor(10,0);
lcd.print("BP");
lcd.setCursor(10,1);
lcd.print(d);
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delay(1000);
if(e>140)
digitalWrite(4,1);
lcd.setCursor(13,0);
lcd.print("H");
lcd.setCursor(13,1);
lcd.print(e);
delay(1000);
else
digitalWrite(4,0);
lcd.setCursor(13,0);
lcd.print("H");
lcd.setCursor(13,1);
lcd.print(e);
delay(1000);
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}
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,10,9,8,7);
void setup() {
pinMode(A0,INPUT);
pinMode(A1,INPUT);
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pinMode(A2,INPUT);
pinMode(A3,INPUT);
pinMode(A4,INPUT);
pinMode(0,OUTPUT);
pinMode(1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
lcd.begin(16,2);
void loop() {
int a,b,c,d,e;
a=analogRead(A0);
b=analogRead(A1);
c=analogRead(A2);
d=analogRead(A3);
e=analogRead(A4);
if(a>40)
digitalWrite(0,1);
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lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("T");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(a);
delay(1000);
else
digitalWrite(0,0);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("T");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(a);
delay(1000);
if(b>70)
digitalWrite(1,1);
lcd.setCursor(3,0);
lcd.print("P");
lcd.setCursor(3,1);
lcd.print(b);
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delay(1000);
else
digitalWrite(1,0);
lcd.setCursor(3,0);
lcd.print("P");
lcd.setCursor(3,1);
lcd.print(b);
delay(1000);
if(c>100)
digitalWrite(2,1);
lcd.setCursor(7,0);
lcd.print("HB");
lcd.setCursor(7,1);
lcd.print(c);
delay(1000);
else
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{
digitalWrite(2,0);
lcd.setCursor(7,0);
lcd.print("HB");
lcd.setCursor(7,1);
lcd.print(c);
delay(1000);
if(d>120)
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
lcd.setCursor(10,0);
lcd.print("BP");
lcd.setCursor(10,1);
lcd.print(d);
delay(1000);
else
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digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
lcd.setCursor(10,0);
lcd.print("BP");
lcd.setCursor(10,1);
lcd.print(d);
delay(1000);
if(e>140)
digitalWrite(5,1);
digitalWrite(6,0);
lcd.setCursor(13,0);
lcd.print("H");
lcd.setCursor(13,1);
lcd.print(e);
delay(1000);
else
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(6,1);
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lcd.setCursor(13,0);
lcd.print("H");
lcd.setCursor(13,1);
lcd.print(e);
delay(1000);
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HANGING ROBOT:
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,10,9,8,7);
void setup() {
pinMode(A0,INPUT);
pinMode(A1,INPUT);
pinMode(A2,INPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
void loop() {
int a,b,c;
a=analogRead(A0);
b=analogRead(A1);
c=analogRead(A2);
if(Serial.available()>0)
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char Z=Serial.read();
if(Z=='F')
digitalWrite(3,1);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,1);
digitalWrite(6,0);
Serial.println("ROBOT FORWARD");
if(Z=='B')
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(6,1);
Serial.println("ROBOT BACKWARD");
if(Z=='L')
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,1);
digitalWrite(6,0);
Serial.println("ROBOT LEFT");
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if(Z=='R')
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,1);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(6,0);
Serial.println("ROBOT RIGHT");
if(Z=='T')
Serial.println("TEMPERATURE");
Serial.println(a);
if(Z=='G')
Serial.println("SMOKE");
Serial.println(b);
if(Z=='H')
Serial.println("HUMIDITY");
Serial.println(c);
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}
if(Z=='S')
digitalWrite(3,0);
digitalWrite(4,0);
digitalWrite(5,0);
digitalWrite(6,0);
Serial.println("ROBOT STOP");
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CONCLUSION:
Thus I completed My 3 mini Projects (Hanging Robot, Line Follower Robot and Patient Health
monitoring). Output has been plotted.
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VERIFIED
PROJECT COORDINATOR
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