Compressor

A compressor is equipment which is used to enhance the pressure of

gas specie by lowering its volume. It can be classified into two main
classes i.e. Positive displacement and Dynamics Compressor. In our
case we used Multi stage compressor which is used to compression of
gas especially air, widely used in reciprocating compressor. It is used to
save power, controlled gas discharge temperature, downed pressure
differential and limited the vaporization of lubricating oil. The basic
process of multi stage cooler consists of following steps including work
at each stage is equal, the air used intercooler goes back to initial
temperature and no pressure drop occurs among intercooler. First of all
air is sucked by the suction filter and inlet valve then air is compressed
and passed through intermediate cooler. The degree of cooling is used
to determine the compression ratio of system.

In our process diagram, we have a compressor, having 4 stages of equal

compression ratio which is used achieve 4 MPa outlet temperatures
with progressive inter-stage cooling. Temperature of each stage able to
maintain at 301C , having initial Pressure is at 0.1MPa to achieve 4MPa
at outlet stream by using the compression ratio at 2.51 in each stage.
The efficiency of system about 0.72. By using above parameters,
calculation of volumetric flow and Work duty achieved. Additionally
mass of water also find out for further calculation. Meanwhile by using
inter-stage cooler we able to optimum energy consumption by
maintaining the temperature and enhancing our work duty.
C0 Adsorption

Adsorption is surface phenomenon which is used sticking of ions, atoms

or molecules from gas specie, dissolved solid and liquid to the surface.
There are two of adsorption i.e. Physical and chemical adsorption.
Physical adsorption is not very specific, no electron transfer, rapid and
reversible, significantly for low temperature as temperature increases
the process of physisorption. Chemical adsorption is highly specific,
transfer of electron, activated and irreversible, may involve in
dissociation and with the increase of temperature, rate of chemical
adsorption first increase then decrease. Various type of factors
affecting the adsorption including absorbent capacity, adsorbate, the
value of PH, Temperature and presence of other solutes. There is
variety of adsorbents available in the market including silica gel, zeolite
and activated carbon. In our case we used Activated carbon because of
its highly porous, irregular solid containing microcrystals with graphite,
manufactured in powder form. Moreover it has non-polar and less
expensive adsorbent. Adsorption has different set of applications
including separation and purification of various species, drying of gases
and liquids, removal of impurities and recoveries of industrial
chemicals.

As Co is toxic and byproduct gas which must have to remove from our
chemical process. Among proven separation methods of removing Co,
adsorption such pressure swing adsorption has convenient operation,
low energy consumption and low operating cost. In our case, we used
pressure swing adsorption for removal of CO up to 99% by using cu/cl
and activated carbon.
C02 Absorber

It is a mass transfer operation which is used to remove gas by

dissolution in a liquid. Absorption is usually carried out in vertical and
cylindrical columns are called plates or packing elements. There have
been two types of absorption i.e. chemical and physical absorption. The
choice of solvent depends upon gas solubility, volatility, corrosiveness,
cost, viscosity and miscellaneous. Various factors are affecting the rate
of absorption such particle size, degree of ionization, physical form,
chemical nature, amount and nature of absorbent, temperature and
pressure. Absorber are extensive useful in many chemical process
industries and other industries. It is used in Hydrogen chloride and
sulfur dioxide are often captured by many chemical industries,
eliminator of smell of food, plating industry, steel mills, pulp mills,
conversion of waste into energy plants.

In our process diagram, we used absorber to remove CO2. Initial

pressure and temperature are about to set 40bar and 28c respectively.
At the stage of process of absorber, we have mole fraction of CO2 is
proximity 0.036905. Ethanolamine is used as solvent during this process
by adding it at the condition of 28C and 1 bar. First of all we calculated
mole CO2/ mole ethanolamine by using graph which is about to 0.848,
by using previous data we find out amount of ethanolamine which is
required during process. Thus we entered 76.421 kmol/hr as amount of
ethanolamine which is used solvent to remove concentration of CO2.
During absorbing of C02 by using ethanolamine, 99.9 percent of
concentration of required gas removed.
Dryer

The mechanical equipment which is used to remove water from

material. Drying is usually considered the final stage of any
manufacturing process. Main operation of drying process is carrying out
solid specie such as powder products or removal of relative small
amount of water from material. It involves removal of water at lower
than boiling point of it. Various types of factors affecting the rate of
drying including surface area, effect of heat transfer, effect of mass
transfer and efficient of removal of vapor. There are different types of
dryers available in the market including drum dryer, spray dryer,
fluidized bed drying, and conductive drying of wet solids and vacuum
oven. Drying is used in many manufacturing processes such as food
processing industry, non-food products such as drying of wood,
washing of various products and sanitation processes.

In our case, we used demister pad which is also called mid pad, widely
used as removal of mist by using mesh. It has been advantages over
simple dryer equipment due to its simple structure, lightweight and
easy to transport, resistant of rust and corrosion, longstanding, low
pressure drop and high rate of porosity, easy to maintain, install and
operate, large surface area and high rate of efficiency. As large amount
of water potentially able to damage manufacturing of products due to
corrosion and erosion. By using demister pad in our process, we easily
able to remove amount of amount of water unto 99.9 percent.