Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SAFETY
Rev. 7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................2
3. DEFINITIONS.................................................................................................................2
4. PROCEDURE.................................................................................................................3
5. RESPONSIBILITIES......................................................................................................9
6. REFERENCES.............................................................................................................11
7. ATTACHMENTS..........................................................................................................11
8. APPENDICES..............................................................................................................11
9. REVISION HISTORY....................................................................................................11
LIFE-CRITICAL PROCEDURE
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1. INTRODUCTION
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) the Risk Assessment tool to ensure all hazards associated with a job
are proactively identified before starting it and suitable/sufficient controls are put in place to
minimize the risk to an acceptable level.
This procedure outlines the necessary steps that shall be employed to ensure that health, safety
and environmental risks are assessed, systematically managed and minimized to as low as
reasonably practicable (ALARP) level before starting a job.
This procedure gives guidance on when and how to perform a JSA.
This procedure shall be used as part of an overall strategy of risk assessment to reduce risks to
acceptable levels within the Q-Chem organization.
This procedure is to be used in conjunction with other safety systems and procedures such as
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s), Standard Maintenance Procedures (SMP’s), Risk
Assessment, Permit to Work (PTW) and other safety procedures / standards to identify and
manage the risks.
This procedure is applicable to all Q-Chem facilities within the state of Qatar.
3. DEFINITIONS
q Contractor - Any employee (base load or non-baseload) performing work under a contract,
subcontract, or purchase order while on Q-Chem premises or performing work related to a
project where operational oversight and accountability are provided by Q-Chem.
q FSC: Fire and Safety Coordinator
q Hazard: An unsafe or at risk condition that if left unmitigated may lead to an incident. It is
an inherent chemical or physical characteristic that has the potential for causing harm to
people, damage to property or the environment, and/or adverse impact or interruption to the
normal flow of business.
q High Risk Activity: The activity which involves the significant hazards which could lead to
the immediate danger to health, safety, environment and property. Such activities include
but not limited to confined space entry, critical lifts, open flame hot work, pyrophoric
material handling , work at heights (which required detailed rescue plan), radiography, line
break (in which line break permit required), hydro blasting greater than 40,000 psig, hot tap,
online seal clamping and the jobs that requires variance to any safety procedure.
q JSA: Job Safety Analysis is a structured approach which analyses jobs, breaks it down into
discrete steps, analyses the hazards associated with those steps, documents precautions
and assigns responsibilities for their implementation with the aim of ensuring a safe job
execution. It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the
work environment. After identification of uncontrolled hazards, steps to eliminate or reduce
them to an acceptable risk level to be taken.
q Job Performer Supervisor: Q-Chem employee who; review and approve the JSA process,
has received JSA training per the Global Training Matrix, and has knowledge of the hazards
of the job being analysed. The first level of supervision of JSA facilitator. Normally
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maintenance engineer within the maintenance organisation and engineers within the project
management.
q Area Owner Supervisor: Q-Chem employee, who has received JSA training per the
Global Training Matrix. Area Owner of the area where job shall perform and approves the
JSA.
q JSA Facilitator: Q-Chem employee/baseload contractor who; leads the JSA process, has
received JSA training per the Global Training Matrix, prepare the JSA and have knowledge
of the task that performed. Normally job performer representative acts as a JSA Facilitator.
q Lead Worker: The qualified worker receiving the permit to work and responsible to ensure
that all conditions of the permit and the JSA, agreed to with the Permit Issuer, are being
fulfilled at all times throughout the job.
q Major Turnaround (TA): An event planned one to two years in advance and occurring
every 4 or 5 years wherein an entire process unit of a plant is sufficiently deinventoried and
taken offline for an extended period of time to perform maintenance and to inspect, test,
add, and replace process materials and equipment as needed.
q Permit Issuer: The qualified owner of the area or equipment in which the work will be
conducted. The Permit Issuer is a Q-Chem employee responsible for issuing the work
permit to the Lead Worker.
q Q-Chem Employee: Direct hire and Secondees, including Trainees, and Developees.
q Risk: A measure of expected loss or injury in terms of both the event frequency and event
severity.
q Risk Assessment: The process by which the results of a risk analysis are used to make
decisions, either through relative ranking of risk reduction strategies or through comparison
with risk criteria.
q SDS: Safety Data Sheet
q Work Crew: All workers performing the tasks associated with the job scope including the
lead worker.
NOTE 1
Sample JSA Job Steps mentioned in Section 6 of this procedure are only for
reference. Job safety analysis with the team to be done based on the job scope,
current condition, and current situations and may vary with the sample JSA job
steps.
Following all the procedures, standards and method statement along with the
approved JSA is the requirement for performing the job that requires JSA.
4. PROCEDURE
i. JSA procedure requires that jobs with a potential safety hazards are systematically identified
and the risk from these jobs are analysed in such a way that potential injury or equipment
damage instances are identified and necessary protections are put in place to eliminate
chances of injury or major equipment damage.
NOTE 2
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i. Area owner supervisor shall determine the need for JSA on a job. The JSA shall consider
the following when determining the need for a JSA:
a) Preferably JSA shall be considered for jobs without a procedure or non-routine critical,
complex and unique jobs. If the activity shall be done repeatedly or if a JSA associated
with a task is used more than three times in a calendar year or planned routine jobs, then
it is recommended to develop a procedure (approved work procedure) using the JSA by
including all the hazards and mitigations (from the JSA) in that procedure. For jobs
mandated by respective safety procedures/ standards JSA shall be developed despite the
availability of approved work procedure (e.g: radiography, CSE, Work at height (required
specific rescue), open flame hot work) etc.
b) Jobs with the past injury or illness history and Jobs with the potential to cause severe or
disabling injuries or illness, even if there is no history of previous accidents.
c) Previously prepared JSA for the same or similar work.
d) Working on or with electrical equipment (e.g. switchgear, substations, motor control
centres, MCC buses and similar power distribution equipment) where there is a potential
for contacting electrically energized components.
e) Jobs done for the first time that could present new safety challenges and jobs that are
new to operation or have undergone changes in processes and procedures.
f) Job that involve multiple work crews.
g) Jobs having potential of exposures to hazardous gases at levels above their Occupational
Exposure limits (OEL). (e.g. H2S > 10 PPM).
h) Working with hazardous chemicals where direct contact is possible e.g. caustics acids,
steam, chlorine, etc. unless covered by an approved work procedure
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i) Jobs having higher risk (refer definition of High Risk Activities) or unusual situations. Shall
include unusual conditions such as weather extremes, work hours, job locations, etc.
j) Non-routine energy isolation or changeover of high voltage breaker which could have
process impact (e.g. 132 KV breaker switchovers).
i. JSA call up/ meeting shall be initiated by the Job performer supervisor.
ii. The team shall consist of at least three members (e.g: JSA facilitator, contractor or the
person who perform the job and or area owner supervisor designee etc.) having knowledge
of the hazards in the job being analysed. Specialists such as Safety Professionals or
Training Coaches may be included to provide additional resources to the team.
iii. Q-Chem Employees and contractors shall be involved in the safety analysis process
because they have a unique understanding of the job, will help minimize oversights, ensure
a quality analysis, and get workers to “buy in” to the solutions.
iv. The person leading the JSA (Facilitator) shall be duly trained on JSA.
v. JSA shall be prepared by the JSA facilitator.
vi. JSA Facilitator, job performer supervisor and area owner supervisor shall sign-off the
worksheet (HSE-SAF-SFM-00-0018) upon the completion of JSA process.
vii. All high risk activities shall involve HSE Department representative (Safety Specialist,
Safety & Emergency Response Specialist, Process Safety & Compliance Coordinator,
Industrial Hygienist or FSC) in JSA process.
viii. It is mandatory to confirm and fulfil pre checks in JSA Worksheet (HSE-SAF-SFM-00-0018)
prior to proceeding further steps of JSA.
i. The JSA team shall conduct a field tour of the facility being studied to look into location
specific conditions such as access and egress, escape routes, high noise, surrounding
equipment and structure etc.
ii. The team member with hands-on experience should serve as the guide. The tour gives the
team a clear picture of the job process and the layout.
iii. Any generic or previously prepared JSA shall be taken to the field (job location) and:
a) revised to reflect the current conditions
b) revised to identify new or different hazards and mitigation steps
iv. Before carrying out a new JSA, information on the job shall be gathered. This could consist
of existing Risk Assessments, Method Statement, SDS, procedures, incident investigation
report, etc.
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i. JSA shall be participated by but not limited to the Area Owner, Contractor representative,
job performer representative and HSE representative (for high risk activities).
ii. Other SMEs shall be participated if JSA team required their assistance.
iii. After the completion of JSA process and signed and approved by JSA facilitator and Job
performer supervisor, JSA shall be submitted to the affected Area Owner Supervisor for
his review and approval.
iv. For extended or multiple shifts, Area Owner Supervisor shall verify that approved and
relevant JSA is attached. (Major Turn Around exception is mentioned in section 4.7)
v. For non-high risk activities, JSA to be approved once by Area Owner Supervsior and not
required approval in every shift.
vi. For high risk activities area owner supervisor shall review and sign the JSA in every shift.
vii. It is particularly important to review job safety analysis if an illness or injury occurs on a
specific job.
viii. The Work Crew, Lead Worker and Permit Issuer shall review the JSA at the site to
ensure all aspects of hazards and controls pertaining to the job and the local existing
conditions are appropriate. A JSA shall be reviewed:
a) Before starting a job
b) When there is a personnel change (i.e. work crew)
c) When there is a change in job scope
d) When the task continues over more than one shift
NOTE 3
In off-hours (after normal working hours) or in off-days (weekends or holidays)
job performer supervisor can delegate the JSA approving authority to his/her
designee. Job performer supervisor designee shall be JSA trained.
4.6. Revalidation
i. A JSA shall be valid for a maximum of 3 months provided no change in job scope or
job condition. If the same job continues for more than 3 months or have to perform
again after 3 months, the JSA shall be revalidated by doing the JSA process again with
the original JSA team (or its suitable substitute).
NOTE 4
JSA shall be suitably modified if new hazards and mitigation steps are
identified during review. If necessary the original JSA team (or its suitable
substitute) may be requested to revalidate the JSA.
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i. In Major Turnaround, it is allowed the permit issuers in place of area owner supervisor to
perform verification of JSA for General Work and Contained Hot Work (excluding high risk
activities) for extended or multiple shifts (max. five shifts) provided there is no change in job
scope and job condition. The requirements of shift supervisor (JSA area owner approver)
review and sign off for high risk activities continues to be in effect during the major
Turnaround.
i. Job safety analysis has three main stages- breaking the job in steps, hazards identification
and hazard mitigation.
ii. The aim of the process is to minimize the likelihood or consequence of a particular risk to a
level that is minimal and that we are prepared to accept.
iii. Job shall not start unless all the controls/ precautions specified within the JSA are in place.
iv. JSA Worksheet filling along with dividing the job/activity in discrete steps to be done after
the field tour by the JSA team. All details shall be recorded on the JSA Form (HSE-SAF-
SFM-00-0018).
v. Approved JSA copy shall be available with the lead worker in the field during the job
activity.
i. The job shall be broken down into discrete sequential steps which are documented into
the column headed Job Step Description” (Attachment HSE-SAF-SFM-00-0018). Be
sure to record enough information to describe each job action without getting overly
detailed. Avoid making the breakdown of steps so detailed that it becomes unnecessarily
long or so broad that it does not include basic steps.
ii. It is important not to break the steps down into too many items.
iii. The job steps that are common and which does not require the JSA to be prepared if
perform individually, it shall be recommended not include in the JSA. For example
housekeeping, opening of bolts manually etc.
iv. Get input from other workers who have performed the same job. Later, review the job
steps with the employee or contractor to ensure nothing have not omitted
v. Below points shall be considered while breaking the job into steps:
a) Steps are in sequence such as digging the hole shall come before planting a tree.
b) Steps are not too broad.
c) Steps are not too detailed.
d) Steps shall stipulate what is to be done and not how it will be done.
vi. The wording at the beginning of each job step shall start with ACTION words such as:
“remove” “open” “lift “etc.
i. The team shall brainstorm on each identified job steps asking questions such as “What
could go wrong?” or “Who might be harmed?” to identify the associated hazards. Each
step shall be examined carefully to find and identify hazards, the actions, conditions and
possibilities that could lead to an incident.
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ii. To make job safety analysis useful, document the answers to questions in a consistent
manner. Following can be the scenarios of hazards:
a) Where it is happening (environment),
b) Who or what it is happening to (exposure),
c) What precipitates the hazard (trigger),
d) The outcome that would occur should it happen (consequence), and
e) Any other contributing factors.
iii. JSA Hazards Checklist (Attachment HSE-SAF-SFM-00-0018) mentioning possible
hazards associated with a job shall be filled and attached for each JSA. This list is not
exhaustive and intended to provide trigger on identifying common hazard scenario which
may be faced on day-to-day basis.
iv. The job site shall be visited by the JSA team members to look into location specific
conditions such as access and egress, escape routes, high noise, surrounding
equipment and structure etc.
v. Hazards associated with the job steps (physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic,
psychological) are identified and recorded in the “Potential Hazards” column of the JSA
Worksheet.
vi. Human factors shall result in an increase in the likelihood of a human error. Human error
situations shall be identified and necessary actions to address the issue developed in
JSA.
i. The final step of the job safety analysis is to develop effective control measures to
ensure job is carried out safely. This shall explain “what” and “how” things need to be
done to remove or minimise the hazards.
ii. Discuss with JSA team, the hazards they know exist in their current work and
surroundings. Brainstorm with them for ideas to eliminate or control those hazards. If any
hazards exist that pose an immediate danger to an employee’s or contractor’s life or
health, take immediate action to protect the worker.
iii. The JSA team shall examine each of the job steps and associated hazards and provide
solutions to control the hazards in order to minimise the risk to as low as reasonably
practical (ALARP) level. These are:
a) Find an entirely new different way to do the job.
b) Change the physical condition that creates the hazard.
c) Revise/Change the procedure.
d) Limit the use of job by reducing frequency with which it is done (particularly helpful
in maintenance and material handling).
iv. Refer Attachments (HSE-SAF-OTH-00-0013) for hierarchy of controls.
v. Each control measure or precaution shall be specific and general statements such as
“work carefully” shall be avoided.
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vi. To find entirely a new way to do a job, determine the work goal of the job & then analyse
the various ways of reaching this goal to see which way is the safest.
vii. Consider work-saving tools & equipment. If a new way cannot be found, then ask this
question about each hazard and potential cause listed: What change in physical
condition (such as change in tools, materials, equipment, layout or location) will eliminate
the hazard or prevent the accident.
viii. Be specific; say exactly what needs to be done to address the hazard.
ix. Avoid general statements. Give a recommended action or procedure for every hazard.
x. The control measures shall be doable and work crew should know and understand and
shall be able to do it.
i. Any change in the approved JSA shall be done after approval from Area owner
supervisor and shall be communicated to all affected personal (Job performer supervisor,
lead worker, work crew and permit issuer). Area owner supervisor shall sign near the
changes made.
ii. Tool-box meeting shall be conducted by the Lead Worker or nominating someone
from the work team to summarise and highlight the essential points of the JSA, including
any associated documentation, and to ensure that all personnel involved in the job
understand the hazards and control measures before starting the Job in an area. The
contents of the JSA and any other documentation shall be discussed with all personnel who
are involved in the job.
iii. It is the Lead Worker’s responsibility to ensure that all personnel in the work team
understand the hazards and control measures identified in JSA and that any new member
joining the team is fully briefed.
4.10. Training
i. Job Performer Supervisor, Area Owner Supervisor, HSE representative and JSA
facilitator that are involved in JSA process shall be trained on JSA. .Training shall consist
of;
a) When to conduct a JSA
b) JSA Process
c) Hierarchy of control
d) Common workplace hazards
e) Individual responsibilities
5. RESPONSIBILITIES
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i. Identify and discuss with the lead worker the specific steps of JSA Worksheet
(Attachment HSE-SAF-SFM-00-0018) which are covered under PTW.
ii. Ensuring that all control measures are implemented before commencement of job.
iii. Ensure all conditions and requirements fulfilled as per JSA.
i. Discuss all job steps, identified hazards and mitigations with work crew in tool box
talk as identified in the JSA Worksheet.
ii. Ensure all work crew understand the conditions of the JSA by signing the back of the
PTW.
iii. Ensure all conditions and requirements fulfilled as per JSA.
iv. Ensuring that all control measures are implemented before commencement of job.
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i. Provides the training as per the training matrix to personnel regarding the JSA
process and its outcomes.
6. REFERENCES
7. ATTACHMENTS
8. APPENDICES
None
9. REVISION HISTORY
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