2.1.1.

Longitudinal Stress developed due pipe displacement restrain by stiffeners

If the stiffeners are added in pipe, then the local stress at pipe shell developed due to stiffeners
rings are calculates as

ts h s
f s=1.82 *Hoop Stress
As
ts

hs

t
ts + 1.56sqtr(rmt)

Figure 1: Stiffener Ring on Penstock Shell

Where,
fs = longitudinal stress in MPa
As=tshs+t(1.56sqrt(Rmt)+ts)
Rm = Mean Radius of Pipe
t = Penstock Shell Thickness

This stress can be generated in the pipe supports and mid span of pipe is there is stiffeners
present in bends and pipe straight portion.