Peripheral Joint Mobilization

Part 2

Dr. Devashree Shah

Assistant Professor
SBS University
 Joint Shapes

 The type of motion occurring between bony partners in a

joint is influenced by the shape of the joint surfaces.

 Joint shape describe by:

o Ovoid
o Sellar
In ovoid joints (fig: A)
 one surface is convex,
 the other is concave.

In sellar joints (fig: B)

 one surface is concave in
one direction
 and convex in the other,
with the opposing surface
convex and concave
 Types of Motion
 As a bony lever moves about an axis of motion,
 also movement of the bone surface on the opposing bone surface
in the joint.
 The movement of the bony lever is called swing
 as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.
 measured in degrees with a goniometer and is called ROM.
 Motion of the bone surfaces in the joint is a combination of rolling
and sliding, or spinning.
 These accessory motions allow greater angulations of the bone as it
swings.
 For the rolling, sliding, or spinning
 There must adequate capsule laxity or joint play.
Roll
 Characteristics of one bone rolling on
another are as follows.

 The surfaces are incongruent.

 New points on one surface meet new

points on the opposing surface.

 Rolling results in angular motion of

the bone (swing).

 Rolling is always in the same direction

as the swinging bone motion whether
the surface is convex or concave.
Rolling
 Rolling, if it occurs alone, causes
compression of the surfaces on the side
to which the bone is swinging
separation on the other side.

 Passive stretching using bone

angulations alone may cause stressful
compressive forces to portions of the
joint surface, potentially leading to
joint damage.

 In normally functioning joints, pure

rolling does not occur alone but in
combination with joint sliding and
spinning
Slide/Translation
 Characteristics of one bone
sliding (translating) across
another include the following.
 For a pure slide, the surfaces
must be congruent, either Flat
or curved
 The same point on one surface
comes into contact with the
new points on the opposing
surface.
 Pure sliding does not occur in
joints because the surfaces are
not completely congruent.
 The direction in which sliding
occurs depends on whether the
moving surface is concave or
convex.

 Sliding is in the opposite

direction of the angular
movement of the bone if the
moving joint surface is convex.
Fig: A

 Sliding is in the same direction as

the angular movement of the
bone if the moving surface is
concave. Fig: B
Combined Roll-Sliding in a Joint
 The more congruent the joint surfaces are, the more sliding
there is of one bony partner on the other with movement
 the more incongruent the joint surfaces are, the more rolling
there is of one bony partner on the other with movement
 When muscle activity contact to move a bone , some of the
muscle may cause or control the sliding movement of the
joint surface.
 E.g. the caudal sliding motion of the humeral head during
shoulder abduction is caused by the rotator cuff muscle
 Rolling is not used to stretch tight joint capsule because it
causes joint compression
Spin
 There is rotation of a segment about a
stationary mechanical axis

 The same point on the moving surface

creates an arc of a circle as the bone
spins

 Spinning rarely occurs alone in joints

but in combination with rolling and
sliding.

 E.g. the shoulder with

flexion/extension, the hip with
flexion/extension, and the radiohumeral
joint with pronation/supination
THANK YOU