SHAHEED MOHTARMA BENAZIR BHUTTO

MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
LARKANA

Synovial Joint

Aftab Ghouri
Lecturer, Benazir College of Nursing
SMBB, Medical University,
Larkana
 By the end of this lecture, the students will be
able to:
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 Describe the types of synovial joints

 Discuss the characteristics of synovial joints

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 Synovial joints
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 Synovial joints are classified into six principal types

based on the shapes of the articulating bone surfaces.
 Planar Joint
 Hinge Joint
 Pivot Joint
 Condyloid Joint
 Saddle Joint
 Ball-and-socket Joint

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 Planar Joint
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 The articulating surfaces of bones in a planar joint are

flat or slightly curved
 Planar joints primarily permit back-and-forth and
side-to-side movements between the flat surfaces of
bones.
 Examples of planar joints are
 Intercarpal joints (between carpal bones at the wrist)
 Intertarsal joints (between tarsal bones at the ankle)

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 Conti…
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 Sternoclavicular joints (between the manubrium of

the sternum and the clavicle)
 Acromioclavicular joints (between the acromion
of the scapula and the clavicle)
 Sternocostal joints (between the sternum and ends
of the costal cartilages at the tips of the second
through seventh pairs of ribs)
 Vertebrocostal joints (between the heads and
tubercles of ribs and transverse processes of
thoracic vertebrae).
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 Planar Joint
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 Hinge joint
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 The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave

surface of another bone
 Produce an angular, opening-and-closing motion like
that of a hinged door.
 In most joint movements, one bone remains in a
fixed position while the other moves around an axis.
 Hinge joints permit only flexion and extension.
Examples of hinge joints are
 Knee elbow Joint
 Ankle Joint
 Interphalangeal joints 03/03/2022
 Hinge joint
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 Pivot joint
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 In a pivot joint, the rounded or pointed surface of

one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by
another bone and partly by a ligament
 A pivot joint is monaxial because it allows rotation
only around its own longitudinal axis.
 Examples of pivot joints are
 Atlanto-axial joint
 Radioulnar joints
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 Pivot joint
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 Condyloid Joints or ellipsoidal joint
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 Convex oval-shaped projection of one fits into the

oval-shaped depression of another bone
 A condyloid joint is biaxial because the
 movement it permits is around two axes (flexion–
extension and abduction–adduction).
 Examples of condyloid joints are
 wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints for the
second through fifth digits.

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 Condyloid Joints or ellipsoidal joint
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 Saddle Joints
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 Articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and

the articular surface of the other bone fits into the
“saddle” as a sitting rider would sit
 A saddle joint is a modified condyloid joint in which
the movement is somewhat freer.
 Saddle joints are triaxial, permitting movements
around three axes (flexion–extension, abduction–
adduction, and rotation).
 An example of a saddle joint is
 Carpometacarpal joint between the trapezium of the
carpus and metacarpal of the thumb. 03/03/2022
 Saddle Joints
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 Ball and Socket Joints

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 A ball and socket joint consists of the ball-like surface of one
bone fitting into a cuplike depression of another bone
 Such joints are triaxial
 permitting movements around three axes (flexion–extension,
abduction–adduction, and rotation).
 Examples of ball and socket joints are
 Shoulder joint

 Hip joints joint

 At the shoulder joint, the head of the humerus fits into

 the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
 At the hip joint, the head of the femur fits into the acetabulum
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of the hip bone.
 Ball and Socket Joints
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