Name: NOVENO, Jamaica Leslie M.

Section: BSN-2A

Homework in STS

Part 1

Instructions: Write the definition of each term followed by your

understanding of the definition. Minimum of 15 words for the definition from
the internet and a minimum of 50 words for the understanding.

Define each term using the definition from the internet or dictionary and write your understanding of
the definition.

1. Tribe
Internet: Tribe is a group of people that all have common ancestry, or a common ancestor, a common culture, and live
in their own enclosed society. They choose to be close to the land and follow the rules and lifestyle of their ancestors.

Own understanding: For me, tribe is a social division in a traditional society who live in the
same area and share a common language, religion, and customs. They are consisting of families or communities linked
by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect, typically having a recognized leader.

2. Cultural differences

Internet: Cultural differences are the various beliefs, behaviors, languages, practices and expressions considered
unique to members of a specific ethnicity, race or national origin.

Own understanding: Race, Religion, Shape, and Form. It all subsides when you see the person inside. Cultural
differences could mean many different things. For example, a different and unique name, or the food you eat. It could also
mean things like accent, face, body, and color. Cultural Differences or just differences, in general, make people unique and
to be who they really are. 

3. Values

Internet: Values are important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or
bad and desirable or undesirable. Values have major influence on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad
guidelines in all situations.

Own understanding: For me, values are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions.
Values in a narrow sense is that which is good, desirable, or worthwhile. Values are the motive behind purposeful
action. They are the ends to which we act and come in many forms. It is also a collective conception of what is
considered proper or improper in a culture.

4. Social issues

Internet: A social issue is a problem that influences many individuals within a society. It's a common problem we see
happening in our society. A social issue can be considered as a problem that influences many people and many people
strive to solve the issue.

Own understanding: For me, A social issue is an issue that relates to society's perception of people's personal lives.
Different societies have different perceptions and what may be "normal" behavior in one society may be a
significant social issue in another society. Some issues have both social and economic aspects, such as immigration.
 5. Equality

Internet: Equality means "the state of being equal." It's one of the ideals a democratic society, and so the fight to attain
different kinds of equality, like racial equality, gender equality, or equality of opportunity between rich and poor, is
often associated with progress toward that ideal of everyone being truly equal.

Own understanding: For me, equality is the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.
Equality is ensuring individuals or groups of individuals are not treated differently or less favorably, on the basis of
their specific protected characteristic, including areas of race, gender, disability, religion or belief, sexual orientation
and age.

6. Rights

Internet: A right is something a person has which people think should not be taken away. It is a rule about what a
person is allowed to do or have. A right is different from a privilege, which is something that must be earned. Rights
may be put into laws, so they have legal protection.

Own understanding: For me, Rights are inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity,
language, religion, or any other status. It is also legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that
is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some
legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.

Part 2

Instructions: Look at the images and write your thoughts about them. Use
your political, social and psychological perspectives and your personal
observations when you write your thoughts. Minimum of 500 words per
image and use separate sheets ☺
 The picture above shows different social issues in the world. A social issue is a problem
that influences many individuals within a society. It's a common problem we see happening in
our society. A social issue can be considered as a problem that influences many people and many
people strive to solve the issue. It is often the consequence of factors extending beyond an
individual's control, and is the source of a conflicting opinion on the grounds of what is
perceived as morally correct or incorrect personal life or interpersonal social life. Social issues
are distinguished from economic issues; however, some issues (such as immigration) have both
social and economic aspects. There are also issues that don't fall into either category, such
as warfare. There can be disagreements about what social issues are worth solving, or which
should take precedence. Different individuals and different societies have different perceptions.
Here is the brief definition of different social issues. First, is Government Transparency.
Openness, accountability, and honesty define government transparency. In a free society,
transparency is government's obligation to share information with citizens. It is at the heart of
how citizens hold their public officials accountable. Governments exist to serve the people.
Information on how officials conduct the public business and spend taxpayers’ money must be
readily available and easily understood. This transparency allows good and just governance.
Government transparency is traditionally broken into three different types: proactive
disclosure, requesting public records, and campaign finance disclosure. Second, is Riot it is a
noisy, violent public disorder caused by a group or crowd of persons, as by a crowd protesting
against another group, a government policy, etc., in the streets. Law. a disturbance of the public
peace by three or more persons acting together in a disrupting and tumultuous manner in
carrying out their private purposes. Third, is Conflict and Wars when two countries have a
disagreement which is not resolved, there could be tensions. Such tensions could manifest as a
fight by one aggrieved party against the other. Such a fight or violence is called a conflict.
Between two countries, if there is a violent spat or a disagreement on any issue, it may lead to a
conflict. The conflicts have to be resolved through dialogue and negotiations to prevent a full-
scale war. A war is a type of a conflict where the two countries may indulge in violence when
one party officially declares and discloses the need to resort to violence to protect its sovereignty,
rights and existence. Fourth, is Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentional
violence for political or religious purposes. It is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence
during peacetime or in the context of war against non-
combatants (mostly civilians and neutral military personnel). Fifth, is Corruption is a form
of dishonesty or criminal offense undertaken by a person or organization entrusted with a
position of authority, to acquire illicit benefit or abuse power for one's private gain. Corruption
may include many activities including bribery and embezzlement, though it may also involve
practices that are legal in many countries. Political corruption occurs when an office-holder or
other governmental employee acts in an official capacity for personal gain. Corruption is most
commonplace in kleptocracies, oligarchies, narco-states and mafia states. Sixth, is Political
Instability is defined as the potential for sudden and significant change in the leadership.
policies, or condition of a country. Seventh, is Religious Conflicts since the awakening
of religion, wars have been fought in the name of different gods and goddesses. Still today most
violent conflicts contain religious elements linked up with ethno-national, inter-state, economic,
territorial, cultural and other issues. Lastly, Refugees are generally split into two categories,
those fleeing conflict or strife, and those fleeing political repression. You can of course be both.
There is a convention that states that those moving from their home country to another country
for economic reasons can be economic refugees.
 The picture above displays different critical problems in the world. Critical problems is
any issue (problem, risk) that adversely affects the global community and environment, possibly
in a catastrophic way, including environmental issues, political crisis, social issues and economic
crisis. Solutions to global issues generally require cooperation among nations. It is speculated
that our global interconnectedness, instead of (only) making us more resilient, makes us more
vulnerable to global catastrophe. Critical problems are fundamental policy or program concerns
that define the most
important situations and
choices an organization
faces now and in the future.
Critical issues can reflect:
Long-standing problems in
the organization,
members served or
recent events which are
anticipated to have a
significant impact on the
organization or people
served, and impediments
that must be overcome in
order for the organization
to meet its goals.
Generally, these are
issues that cannot be
resolved through a
“quick fix”. The selection
of issues is important
because it determines the
range of decisions and
strategies we will consider
in the future. Here is the
definition of different
critical problems.
First, is Lack of Education. It can be defined as a state where people have a below-average level
of common knowledge about basic things that they would urgently need in their daily life.
Second, is Poverty is not having enough material possessions or income for a person's needs.
Poverty may include social, economic, and political elements. It is a complete lack of the means
necessary to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing and shelter. Third, is Climate
Change refers to any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended
period of time. In other words, climate change includes major changes in temperature,
precipitation, or wind patterns, among other effects, that occur over several decades or longer.
Fourth, is Public Health has been defined as "the science and art of preventing disease”,
prolonging life and improving quality of life through organized efforts and informed choices of
society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". Analyzing the
determinants of health of a population and the threats it faces is the basis for public health. Fifth,
is Homelessness is defined as living in housing that is below the minimum standard or lacks
secure tenure. People can be categorized as homeless if they are: living on the streets (primary
homelessness); moving between temporary shelters, including houses of friends, family and
emergency accommodation (secondary homelessness); living in private boarding houses without
a private bathroom or security of tenure (tertiary homelessness). Sixth, is Water and Food
Security are complex sustainable development issues, linked to heath through malnutrition, but
also to sustainable economic development environment and trade. We live in a world of
extremes. Water is key to food security. Crops and livestock need water to grow. Agriculture
requires large quantities of water for irrigation and of good quality for various production
processes. But the right to water in the context of the right to food is a complex question.
Seventh, is Unemployment defined as people who do not have a job, have actively looked for
work in the past four weeks, and are currently available for work. Also, people who were
temporarily laid off and were waiting to be called back to that job are included in
the unemployment statistics. Eight, is High Morbidity the term morbidity is often used to
describe illness, impairment, or degradation of health, especially when discussing chronic and
age-related diseases which can worsen over time. The higher your morbidity, the shorter your
lifespan may be that if you were healthy. Lastly, Pollution is something introduced into the
environment that is dirty, unclean or has a harmful effect. It refers to any substance that
negatively impacts the environment or organisms that live within the affected environment. The
five major types of pollution include: air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, light pollution,
and noise pollution.

Part 3

Instructions: Create your own 6 to 10 tips on how to boost your immune

system and explain each tip.

* Give your body the best chance to fight infection and illness - Perhaps you’re nursing a cold – loading up on
vitamin C and zinc, maybe even sipping some warm chicken noodle soup. Taking time to recover is important to
help your immune system do its work.

* Live well - If you’re looking for a magic bullet to boost your body’s ability to fight off bugs, you might be
disappointed. But if you want added motivation to improve your overall well-being, look no further: “Healthy
immune systems live in healthy bodies,” Wedner says. So, think big picture – from eating right and staying active to
getting enough sleep.

* Call on good bacteria - Bacteria are everywhere: on our skin, hair and nails, and also inside our body. In our
intestines, these organisms are called the gut microbiome. We don't notice they're there until they are changed or
imbalances in the types due to illness or a condition give us symptoms such as gas or diarrhea.

* Get your shots - Immunizations are an important way to boost immunity, Wedner reminds. In addition to making
sure children get recommended vaccinations, he suggests adults get an annual flu shot as well. Experts say parents
should get questions about vaccines answered by health providers to separate myth from fact.
* Fit in your recommended activity - Current guidelines advise Americans do at least 150 minutes of moderate-
intensity activity, like brisk walking, every week. Research shows the immune system benefits from engaging in
regular physical activity. Exercise boosts the production of microphages, cells that attack the bacteria that can
trigger some of the upper respiratory tract infections we get, he says. And physical activity increases the circulation
of many cells in our body that help fend off viruses and harmful bacteria.

* Go to bed already - A lack of sleep is frequently the culprit when people find that they're getting sick more often
or unable to fend off ailments, experts say. While seven to nine hours of sleep is generally recommended, work
burdens or the business of life in general can significantly reduce the amount of rest a person actually gets. “Sleep
restores our bodies.”

* Stress less- If you’re worried about strained finances or job insecurity or any number of life circumstances, it may
be difficult to reduce the wear stress can have on your mind or body. But as best you’re able, try to reduce your
stress level.

* Wash your hands thoroughly - A number of infectious diseases are spread by contaminated hands. People with
contaminated hands can infect themselves – and unleash diseases that attack their immune system – by touching
their face. They can also pass the infection to other people by shaking hands. Insufficient hand hygiene can lead to
respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. To safeguard your health, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water
for 20 seconds.

* Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables - Your body produces harmful free radicals when it’s defending itself against
infection. Free radicals are molecules associated with chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer.
Antioxidants – substances that are abundant in many plant-based foods – help protect your cells from damage
caused by free radicals.

* Cut down on added sugar consumption - Eating foods that contain added sugar has been found to have
temporary negative effects on your immune system. the ability of white blood cells in the viruses.

Part 4

Instructions: Use the internet to look for 10 tribes/indigenous people in

the Philippines and characterize each one of them. Include the unique
traits/culture that they have.
- The Itawes/Itawis/Itawit are among the earliest inhabitants of the Cagayan Valley in northern Luzon. Their name is derived
from the Itawes prefix i- meaning "people of" and tawid or "across the river". As well as their own Itawis language, they
speak Ibanag and Ilocano. The contemporary Itawes are charming, friendly, and sociable. They are not very different from other
lowland Christianized Filipino ethnic groups in terms of livelihood, housing, and traditions. Their traditional dresses are colorful
with red being the dominant color. Farming is a leading source of livelihood. The average families are education-conscious.

- The Ivatan (also spelled as Ibatan) are the predominant ethnolinguistic group in the Batanes islands of the Philippines. They
have close cultural links with the Taiwanese aborigines, especially the Yami/Tao people of Orchid Island under jurisdiction
of Taiwan.

- The Ga'dang are a highlands people mostly found in Paracelis, Mountain Province; Potia, Ifugao Province; and Tabuk, Kalinga

Province. They speak the Ga'dang language, which is closely related to the nearby Gaddang language as part of the Cagayan-
Baliwon Gaddang family, and is usually included as a dialect of Gaddang. While they exhibit many cultural traits of
their Cordilleran neighbors, their farming practices tie them to the historic peoples of the lowlands.

- The Kasiguranin live in Casiguran in Aurora Province. The Kasiguranin language descends from an early Tagalog dialect that

had borrowed heavily from Northeastern Luzon Agta languages such as Paranan. It is 82% mutually intelligible with Paranan, a
language in eastern Isabela, since Aurora and Isabela lie in close proximity. They rely mainly on fishing and farming, as do other
groups in Casiguran
- The Kagayanen are from the municipality of Cagayancillo, Palawan province. There are about 36,000 Kagayanen in the
Philippines. They speak the Kagayanen language, which belongs to the Manobo languages found mostly in Mindanao. They can
also be found in coastal communities across Palawan, and around Balabac, Busuanga, Coron, and other areas around the
Philippines, such as Iloilo Province; Silay, Negros Occidental; Manila; Quezon and Rizal areas. Some can also speak
in Hiligaynon, Filipino(Tagalog), Cuyonon, Kinaray-a, Cebuano, or English.

- The Romblomanon people are the indigenous inhabitants of Romblon province. However, due to population increase, which
the island province's small area couldn't sustain, there are also significant numbers of Romblomanons in Occidental
Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Masbate, Aklan, Palawan, Capiz, and possible parts of Luzon and Mindanao. They speak one of
three languages, the Romblomanon language, Asi language, and the Onhan language. Most are Roman Catholics. Due to its
distance from Capiz and Aklan, most Romblomanons can speak Hiligaynon.

- The Magahat are also known as the Ati-Man and Bukidnon. There are concentrations of Magahat found in
southwestern Negros, Santa Catalina, Bayawan, and Siaton in Negros Oriental; and in Negros Occidental. They speak
the Magahat language (also called Southern Binukidnon), which is a mixture of Hiligaynon and Cebuano. The Magahat practice
swidden agriculture, because their settlements are in mountainous areas. They are food gatherers and good hunters as well.

- The Hiligaynon people, often referred to as Ilonggo people (Hiligaynon: Mga Hiligaynon/Mga Ilonggo), refers to the ethnic
race whose primary language is the Hiligaynon language, an Austronesian language native to Panay, Guimaras, and Negros
Occidental. Other Hiligaynons lived in Romblon, Palawan, Masbate, SOCCSKSARGEN Over the years, inter-migrations and
intra-migrations have contributed to the diaspora of the Hiligaynons to different parts of the Philippines. Now, the Hiligaynon
form the majority in the provinces of Iloilo, Negros Occidental, Guimaras, Capiz, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, and North
Cotabato.

- Cotabateños live in Cotabato, Mindanao. They speak the Cotabateño dialect of Chavacano, just like Zamboangueño and
Chavacano Davaoeño, which are recognized as the Mindanao-based Spanish creoles, with Cebuano as their substrate language.
Cotabateño is a derivative of the extinct Zamboangueño dialect of Chavacano due to the large shared vocabulary derived
from Hiligaynon, a Central Visayan language. The ancestors of the present Zamboangueño-speaking population were in contact
with the Hiligaynons at the time of the creole’s formation. Cotabateño has also borrowed words from
the Maguindanao and Tiruray languages.

- Davaoeños live around the Davao region and speak the Davaoeño (Dabawenyo) language, which is the dialect of the Cebuano
Language spoken in Davao City and the surrounding areas. It can also refer to the extinct dialect of Chavacano Davaoeño that
used to be spoken around the Davao region.

Part 5
Instructions: Make an illustration showing the positive and negative traits
of Filipinos. You can draw and color on a separate sheet of paper and
attach it to this paper. When you're done with the illustration, explain
your thoughts about the illustration in the provided space below.