EVIDENCIA 3 ENSAYO

“FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (FTA): ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES”

LINA MARCELA MOLINA CASTAÑEDA

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE

SENA

NEGOCIOS INTERNACIONALES

FICHA No 1792955

MEDELLIN

2020
 Investigue sobre los tratados de libre comercio que Colombia tiene vigentes
con los Estados Unidos.

 Escriba las ventajas y desventajas de estos tratados para Colombia.

DESARROLLO

In the last decade, Colombia's foreign trade policy was based on the deepening
of trade relations with the Andean Community and the efforts to obtain unilateral
access to certain markets, especially the United States, through the ATPA
schemes. / ATPDEA, and that of the European Union, through the GSP scheme.

Due to the increasing gap between exports and imports, being the second largest
in Colombia, it is evident the need to promote important changes in trade policy,
such as finding new markets and for this it is important to move forward without
delay to the subscription of free trade agreements such as the one decided to
negotiate with the United States. After the last extension of the ATPDEA in 2010
that ended on February 15, 2011, the FTA with the United States is seen as a
possibility for entrepreneurs to make long-term investments. term, that increase
their productive capacity and have a stability intime and favorable conditions for
exports.

The Colombia - US TLC is constituted by norms and procedures derived from

them, which are applicable in equal conditions for the two countries. The TLC is
not a Law, nor is it conformed by them; However, according to the Political
Constitution of our country, international agreements have all the rigor and have
to be complied with like any other current legislation.
The TLC is a kind of guide on how to export - import among the signatory
countries, with general recommendations and criteria that determine the
framework under which each country can act to obtain the greatest benefits. In
this sense, on the one hand, it is necessary for the two countries to issue
legislation on specific issues that take advantage of bilateral conditions; on the
other, each country is free to dictate its national economic policies and take the
measures it deems pertinent to boost international trade and especially to protect
and promote the export of its products
TLC went into effect on May 15, 2012, signed between Juan Manuel Santos and
Barack Obama at the Summit of the Americas without possessing a due date but
with the possibility of seeking reforms or termination by each of the parties . This
agreement is organized in a document of 23 chapters dedicated to different topics

Scope of the Agreement

The FTA is an agreement that generates opportunities for all Colombians, without
exception, as it contributes to creating jobs and improving the performance of the
national economy. Initially it benefits the exporting sectors because they will be
able to sell their products and services, under very favorable conditions, in the
US market. But not only to exporters, also to all other domestic producers.
The subjects that were negotiated were those considered as general, that is,
access to markets, in its two aspects (industrial and agricultural); intellectual
property; investment regime; State purchases; dispute resolution; competition;
electronic commerce; services; environmental and labor

The service sector is already the largest in the Colombian economy. High value-
added services are the great driver of the world's economies, foreign investment
is included because there is great interest in attracting it. Intellectual property was
also negotiated, a highly sensitive issue; and State purchases, a very important
element to boost trade.

Content of the Agreement

The text of the agreement was reflected in a preamble and 23 chapters. The
chapters usually include aspects of the agreed general disciplines, many of them
common in both multilateral and bilateral negotiations, and incorporate particular
elements obtained by both Colombia and the United States in the negotiation.

FTA Organization Colombia - United States

Preamble
Chapter 1 Initial Provisions and Initial Definitions
Chapter 2 National Treatment and Access of Goods to the Market
Chapter 3 Textiles and Clothing
Chapter 4 Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures
Chapter 5 Customs Procedure and Trade Facilitation
Chapter 6 Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Chapter 7 Technical Barriers to Trade
Chapter 8 Commercial Defense
Chapter 9 Public Contracting
Chapter 10 Investment
Chapter 11 Cross-border Trade in Services
Chapter 12 Financial Services
Chapter 13 Competition Policy
Chapter 14 Telecommunications
Chapter 15 Electronic Commerce
Chapter 16 Intellectual Property Rights
Chapter 17 Labor Issues
Chapter 18 Environment
Chapter 19 Transparency
Chapter 20 Administration of the Agreement and Strengthening of Commercial
Capacities
Chapter 21 Dispute Resolution
Chapter 22 General Exceptions
Chapter 23 Final Provisions

These international trade agreements bring to Colombia, the advantage that their
employers can sell their products and services abroad under better conditions,
without paying taxes (tariffs) without being subject to other barriers, which do
have to pay in case of not having these treaties.
This helps the national economy of a country to grow as it has a much wider
consumer market than when it is limited to its entrepreneurs to sell in the domestic
market.
Therefore, free trade is considered positive, because the lack of trade barriers
makes exporting easy and relatively cheap. In this way, a country can focus its
resources more efficiently and achieve a higher real income. Despite the global
benefits of free trade for a country's economy, there may be some important
drawbacks to the establishment of free trade agreements.
Colombia is not a threat to the US in political and economic matters, since the
total production of the country is only of their production. Colombia we are small
in the impact that it can generate in the North American production therefore the
economists consider that the TLC will be generous.

Taking into account the following aspects within the treaty

 Access to markets
 farming
 Industry
 Services
 Public Purchases
 Other issues of access to markets
 Cross-cutting issues
 Intellectual property
 Investment
 Competition policy
 Laboral things
 Environmental matters