EXHAUST EMMISION CONTROL

TECHNIQUES FOR CI ENGINE.

CONTENTS

 Particular filters
 Operating characteristics and performance
 Flow through diesel oxidation catalysts.
 D.O.C-Diesel oxidation catalysts
 Regeneration
 What is impact of sulphar?
 Filter regeneration
 Passive renegeration

 Active regeneration

 Fuel borne catalysts

 Filter maintainance
EMISSION CONTROL BY DESIGN
 Turbocharging
A turbocharger consists of turbine driven by the
exhaust gases of the engine which is directly
coupled to a compressor.
Fresh air is drawn using the turbocharger where
the density of air is raised before it enters engine.
Hence engine power is increased ,and lower specific
exhaust emissions(in g/kw-h)
FIXED GEOMETRY VS VARIABLE GEOMETRY
TURBOCHARGER

 When the exhaust speed is low exhaust gas

energy is low ,turbine power is thus matched to
provide air to the engine cylinder. At high speed,
a waste gate valve is used to byepass the turbine.
These are fixed geometry turbochargers
 Variable geometry tc overcome this limitation
,Turbines of vgt has movable lanes that changes
flow and angle of exhaust gas entrance.
 The use of variable geometry turbocharger
provide emission reduction under low load
operating conditions.
EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION
 Egr is used for heavy duty diesel engines and
small high speed engines as well.
 Nox is reduced but the emission of
smoke,particulate and hc emissions .fuel
consumption incresases
 When air fuel ratio is high ,egr can be increaded
upto 50%,with 25% egr the nox can be reduced by
85%
 Control on egr is obtained by retarding the
engine timing
 Egr rates for engine are varied with engine load
and speed
 Egr is controlled based on air mass flow rate.

 Air mass flow rate is measured by flow meters.

From the air flow signals the engine control unit
determines the egr rate from a look up table to
control egr rates.measurements of airflow rate
compenstes for change in volumetric efficiency
COOLING OF EGR
 Lower intake temperature reduces the formation
of nox
 High intake charge density,high volumetric
efficiency,high oxygen content in charge
 High volumetric efficiency provide lower bsfc

 Fuel economy is lower with cooled EGR compared

to uncooled Egr.
EGR FOR TURBOCHARGED ENGINES
 Low pressure route:-exhaust gases from
downstream of turbine is tapped and inducted to
the intake side of the compressor ,main
disadvantage is that exhaust gas along with the
air also passes through the compressor and
intercooler resulting in durability problems of
compressor due to presence of soot particles.
 High pressure route : Exhaust gas from the
upstream side of the turbine is tapped and led to
the exit side of the compressor.The gas does not
pass through the intercooler.
 Turbine back pressure in increased by use of a
variable geometry turbocharger
LOW PRESSURE ROUTE
HIGH PRESSURE EGR SYSTEM