1)a. -Engineers use their knowledge and experience in fulfilling their responsibilites.

They shall perform services only in areas of their competence. They ensure design or
the procedures are in compliance with law and legislation completely. They have to
ensure the safety and interest of the public and obey the rules. As stated in guidelines
for code of professional conduct, a professional engineer shall not affix his signature to
any plan or document dealing with subject matter in which he lacks competence, nor to
any plan or document no prepared under his direction and control. Besides, a
professional engineer shall not accept assignment and assume responsibility for
coordination of an entire project and sign and stamp (P.E. stamp) the engineering
documents for the entire project unless each technical segment of the project is signed
and stamped personally by the qualified engineer who has prepared the respective
segment of the project.
-Engineers shall ensure his integrity and have a professional conduct. They shall
disclose potential conflicts that influence judgement or quality of their services.
Besides, they shall not accept compensation from more than 1 party for services on the
same project unless circumstances are disclosed and agreed by the parties. Then, they
shall not accept financial from outside agent in connection with the work.
b. Conflict of interest is a situation in which people in a position of authority have a
potential interest that influence the way they execute their tasks or responsibilities/their
judgement and quality of their service. A conflict of interest is not necessarily illegal or
criminal, but raises public doubts and suspicions about the integrity and impartiality of
people in positions of authority. Conflict of interest is detrimental to the profession’s
honour, dignity and credibility. Engineer shall not tolerate dishonest or doubtful
practices in his work. Besides, engineer must be impartial in his relations between his
client and the contractors, suppliers and other persons doing business with his client. An
engineer faces conflict of interest when:
-he takes bribe or receives gift and influences the way he does his work, e.g. design
of a project
-he accepts gratitude from others which are related to the contract, tender
procurement. E.g, he receives inducement includes travel, gift
-he practise self-serving attitude/favoritism/nepotism which is related to hiring,
promotion and employment. E.g. he awards contract to his friends, relatives
-he represents multiple parties and clients in which interest of one party/client
maybe harmed
-he participates in a call of tender, knowing tenderers collude to bid
-he approves design and stamp the documents even though he does not carry out
assignment properly, does not have competence/relevant experience in the field
and the clients have a close connection with him
Example cot situations civil engineer: The engineer acts as consultant and
contractor at the same time for a project. The engineer conducts inspection work
on property which is owned by someone with whom he has a close relationship and
his integrity maybe be under suspicion. The engineer receives gift which might
gives the advantage for the giver (contractor etc)
2.Importance- Any person who wants to take up employment as an engineer must be
registered as a Graduate engineer with BEM. BEM recognises the experience gained by
an engineering graduate only after he has registered as a Graduate Engineer. Moreover,
a person has to be registered as a graduate engineer with BEM before he wishes to
apply for becoming a professional engineer
Benefits- enables engineering graduates to develop career path. When an engineering
graduate is registered as Graduate Engineer, he can become a Professional engineer by
passing exams, assessment or interviews conducted by BEM or IEM.
-Graduate engineer can expand social circle if they are a member of BEM or IEM.
Knowledge sharing between members are available
-engineering graduates may seek legal advice from BEM or IEM if they are a Graduate
Engineer
-Becoming a Graduate Engineer is a must for an engineering graduate to be employed at
some company
-Becoming a graduate/professional engineer is a must for teaching lectures at some
institution of higher education or other specified jobs
3.
BEM IEM
Functions -Maintain the register - Promote and advance
-Process applications for registration the Science and
-Assessment of academic qualification Profession of
(programmes offered by EAC&ETAC) Engineering in any or
-Regulate the conduct and ethics of the all its disciplines and
engineering profession to facilitate the
-Hear & Determine disputes on professional exchange of
conduct and ethics information and ideas
-Fix the scale of fees related to Engineering
-To be a stakeholder
-Responsible for publication and promotion
of continued learning and education

Date of 1972 1959

establishment
Routes to Pass Professional Assessment Exam Become a Corporate
become a Member of IEM
Professional
Engineer
Body A statutory body constituted under the Not a statutory body
Registration of Engineers Act 1967 constituted under the
Registration of
Engineers Act 1967
4. Consumption of non-renewable energy-Fossil fuel, coal, petroleum and natural
gas are still a main source of energy for domestic, industrial and commercial
activities. Engineers shall work together to develop products that consumes less or
no non-renewable energy. E.g. hybrid electric vehicle, construction of
hydroelectric dam to generate elctricity, usage of solar panel
Construction activities that produces high CO2 emission -Civil engineer shall
promote construction of green building and usage of green cement. Green building
consumes less electricity and reduces emission of CO 2 from electrical appliance
such as air-conditioner. Production of green cement emits less CO2 too.
Pollution of environment- Environmental engineers shall ensure industrial and
commercial wastage are treated properly. Emission of harmful gas from factories
shall be under control. Strict monitoring of Air Pollution Index and BOD level of
rivers are carried out.
Damage to ecosystem- Non-biodegradable waste damages the environment. E.g.
aquatic life consumes plastic bag and died. Usage of environment-friendly
products that are biodegradable such as Eco-bag, bamboo utensil are encouraged
5.
BEM IEM
Function Q3 Q3
Contribution -Assess competency of -Assess competency of
s Graduate Engineer through Graduate Engineer through
Professional Assessment Professional Interview
Examination.
Also assess competency of
Professional Engineer through
Professional Competency
Examination

-Introduce CPD programme IEM is appointed by BEM as

to enhance professionalism
/ensure competency of
Professional Engineer,
Professional Engineer with
Practising Certificates and
Inspector of Works. There are
CPD activities such as formal
education and training,
informal learning activities
through on job learning or
private study, conference and
technical meeting,
presentation of papers and
engineering service activities
the Certified Body to
implement CPD programme
and is guided by the following
policy and guideline documents
issued by BEM in executing the
CPD Programmes- Continuing
Professional Development
Policy for Professional
Engineers, Leaflet, Circular to
all Professional Engineers
 BEM
Registration -Provides registration service,
e.g. Graduate Engineer,
Accredited Checker,
Professional Engineer,
Professional Engineer with
Practising Certificate, Inspector
of Works, Engineering
Consultancy Practices
Mission/Objective -Regulate engineering services
s provided are of high quality,
delivered with due diligence,
conforming to professional
ethics and benchmarked to the
best practices.
6. I will become a professional engineer through professional interview conducted
IEM
-Provides registration
service, e.g. Graduate
Engineer, Corporate
member of IEM
-Promote sound
professional engineering
practice in support of the
socio-economic
development objectives
of the nation-Service the
needs and interests of its
members and the public
and uphold the social
standing image of the
engineering profession
-Contribute towards
nation building and shall
strive to enhance
society's consciousness of
science and technology
Objective- hold meetings,
exhibitions and visits
that are conducive to the
promotion or attainment
of the profession of
engineering- promote
honourable practice,
print, publish, issue and
circulate such
publications that are
conducive to the
objective of the
Institutions such as IEM
journal
by IEM. I have to become a graduate member of IEM, possess at least 3 year
relevant work experience and have logbooks/reports to record my works. I attend
the professional interview although I have sufficient experience as it can assess my
competence effectively. Competence category includes knowledge and
understanding, design and development of process, system, service& product,
responsibilities, management and leadership, communication and interpersonal
skills and professional commitment. In a professional interview, I will be accessed
through oral interview and a written examination.
7. Ethical consideration enables us to hold paramount safety, health and welfare of
the public. An engineer that has ethical conducts will not involve himself in
corruption, negligence, collusive tendering. Unethical conducts affect engineer’s
quality of service which will result in a loss of integrity, finance and lives.
Moreover, ethical considerations allow an engineer to act for client as a trustee. He
will not involve himself in a conflict of interest and do anything that is harmful to
dignity, honour and credibility of his profession. Furthermore, an engineer that
has an ethical consideration will help to protect the natural environment and take
part in mitigate climate change, e.g. he will neither accept bribe or fraud that is
related to his work such as waste treatment nor disobey the environmental law.
8. Civil engineers promote construction of green buildings. Standards such as
LEED and BREEAM are used to assess the sustainability of the green buildings.
Green buildings emit less greenhouse gas, use less electricity and are energy-
efficient and are sustainable. Civil engineers encourage usage of green cement.
Green cement emits less CO2 gas during production. Civil engineers shall involve
in construction of infrastructure facility such as hydroelectric dam. The dam
generates electricity as water moves. Hence, usage of non-renewable energy source
such as fossil fuel can be reduced. Civil engineers shall support usage of
construction technology such as Industrialized Building Design (IBS) and Building
Information Modelling (BIM) software. IBS is a sustainable construction method.
It saves energy and resources such as cement and minimizes emission of toxic
substance. BIM software enables optimization of energy consumption. Energy
analysis is conducted through DProfiler and EcoTech. LEED tracking is allowed
for BIM models.
9. Refer Q3
10. Refer Q2
11. He shall complete a Master’s programme (course work) in the related
engineering discipline so that he can be registered as a graduate engineer after
completed Master’s programme. He shall also submits the documents for BEM's
assessment prior taking up the Master programme. BEM will advise him the
subjects to be taken and its credit hours. BEM only allows an engineer that is a
Graduate Engineer to sit for Professional Assessment Exam.
12a. The engineer did not hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the
public. The professional engineer approves and signs the engineering documents
that are not prepared under his direct supervision. He also did not ensure the
construction of the building fulfill the requirement of the engineering design and
specifications. Then, the engineer undertake assignments in which he is not qualified
by education and experience in the specific technical field. The professional engineer
signs or stamps the plans and documents although he lacks competence. Moreover,
the engineer did not act for clients as a trustee. He involves in conflicts of interest
and affects his judgement or quality of his service. E.g. close relationship with
contractors and receives bribes from them. Hence, cheaper materials with lower
quality which did not fulfill design requirement are used.
b. Safety, health and welfare of the public can be ensured. The professional
engineers sign and approve the engineering documents that are prepared under his
direct supervision. He also ensured the construction fulfilled the requirements and
specifications. Then, the engineer only undertake assignment in which he is
qualified by education and experience in the specific technical field. He does not
sign or stamp the plan if he lacks competence. Moreover, the engineer act for
clients as a trustee. He avoid himself from conflicts of interest such as close
relationship with contractor. Hence, construction of the projects are in a
compliance with design plans and local legislation fully.
13. -A Registered Engineer shall at all times hold paramount the safety, health and
welfare of the public. A professional engineer shall approve and sign only those
engineering documents that he has prepared or are prepared under his direct
supervision
-A Registered Engineer shall undertake assignments only if he is qualified by
education & experience in the specific technical fields in which he is involved.
Professional Engineer shall not affix his signature to any plan or document dealing
with subject matter in which he lacks competence, nor to any plan or document
not prepared under his direction and control
-A Registered Engineer shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful
manner. A Registered Engineer may express publicly only technical opinions that
are founded upon his competence and knowledge of the facts in the subject matter
-A Registered Engineer shall act for each employer or clients as faithful agent or
trustee. A Registered Engineer shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of
interest that could influence or appear to influence his judgement or the quality of
his services
-A Registered Engineer shall conduct himself honourably, responsibly, ethically and
lawfully so as to enhance the honour, reputation and usefulness of the profession.
A Registered Engineer shall not maliciously injure or attempt to maliciously injure
whether directly or indirectly the professional reputation, prospect or business of
another Engineer
14.-Encourage and prioritize sustainability and energy efficiency in construction
projects
-Support government policy in achieving sustainable development goals
-Promote public awareness on importance of sustainable development and
practices such as carpooling to reduce greenhouse gas emission
-Propose and develop solution for achieving SDGs, e.g. effective waste
management and disposal
-Assess the environmental impact of the projects
-Provide education to next generations to reduce poverty and economy gap

15. Combustion of petrol/diesel emits harmful gas for environment and human.
Revoke of subsidy for food and diesel/petrol discourage people from using
transports frequently, resulting in reduction of smoke&CO 2 emission and
improvement of air quality. Incentives shall be given for sustainable development.
Water supply, food, education, medical aid can be provided to the poor, reducing
income gap and education gap and tackling problems such as poverty and famine.
R&D can be carried out in order to provide affordable and clean energy and
protect life below water and life on land. E.g. hybrid electric car, green building.