VIDON, AUBREY ROSE A.
April 18, 2020
BSN 2Y2-2
AMPLIFY THE LEARNING (OB) WEEK #1
Write the maternal effects and the fetal/neonatal effects of the following commonly abused substances.
Maternal Effects
Antidepressants - Relief of anxiety and
depression; risk anomalies with
paroxetine, small risk of
anomalies with other
antidepressants.
Caffeine - Stimulates CNS and cardiac
function, causes vasoconstriction
and mild diuresis, half-life triples
during pregnancy.
Opioids - Malnutrition, anemia,
increased incidence of STDs, HIV
exposure, hepatitis, thrombosis,
cardiac disease, spontaneous
abortion, preterm labor.
Tobacco - Decrease placental perfusion,
abruption placenta, anemia,
PROM, preterm labor,
spontaneous abortion.
Amphetamines and - Malnutrition, vasoconstriction,
Methamphetamines tachycardia, hypertension,
spontaneous abortion, preterm
labor, abruption placentae,
preeclampsia, retroplacental
hemorrhage
Alcohol - Spontaneous abortion,
Abruption placentae
Cocaine - Hyperarousal state, euphoria,
generalized vasoconstriction,
hypertension, tachycardia, STDs,
spontaneous abortion, abruption
placenta, preeclampsia, PROM,
preterm labor, precipitous
Fetal/Neonatal Effects
- Transient respiratory problems,
irritability, poor tone, persistent
pulmonary hypertension.
- Crosses placental barrier and
stimulates fetus; teratogenic
effects are undocumented.
- FGR, LBW, perinatal asphyxia,
meconium aspiration syndrome,
fetal or neonatal death, SIDS,
child abuse and neglect; long
term developmental effects
unclear.
- Prematurity, LBW,
neurodevelopmental problems,
increased incidence of SIDS,
perinatal mortality.
- Increased risk for FGR,
prematurity, abnormal sleep
patterns, agitation, poor feeding,
vomiting.
- Fetal demise, FGR, fetal alcohol
spectrum disorders, FAS (facial
and cranial anomalies,
developmental delay, cognitive
impairment, short attention
span).
- Fetal hypoxia, tachycardia,
meconium staining, stillbirth,
prematurity, irritability, sleep
followed by agitation, poor
response to comforting or
interaction, possible attention
 delivery.
Marijuana - Often used with other drugs:
tobacco, alcohol, cocaine; exact
effects undetermined.
and language problems.
- Unclear; more study needed;
maybe related to problems in
motor development; increased
risk of anomalies or mortality
unproven.