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Lockdown Period
Open Practice Test Series
(Also useful for ESE & Other Exams)
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IN : INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
AD

TEST No. - 09 | COMMUNICATIONS

Read the following instructions carefully

1. This question paper contains 33 MCQ’s & NAQ’s. Bifurcation of the questions are given below:
M

2. Choose the closest numerical answer among the choices given.

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Multiple Choice Questions : Q.1 to Q.10 carry 1 mark each

Q.1 PLL is used to demodulate the following one

(a) AM (b) DSB
(c) FM (d) SSB

1. (c)

Q.2 A carrier is simultaneously modulated by two sine waves with modulation indices 0.4 and 0.3. The resultant
modulation index
(a) 1.0 (b) 0.7
(c) 0.5 (d) 0.7

2. (c)

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μnet = μ12 + μ22
μ1 = 0.3
μ2 = 0.4
μnet = 0.5

Q.3 An AM signal represented by x(t) = (20 + 4sin500π t ) cos(2π × 105t ) V. The total sideband power is
(a) 2 Watts
(c) 6 Watts
EA (b) 4 Watts
(d) 200 Watts

3. (b)
Ac = 20
4 1
μ = = = 0.2
20 5
E

⎛ μ2 ⎞
Pt = PC + PSB = PC ⎜⎜ 1+ 2 ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠
PC μ2 20 × 20 0.2 × 0.2
AD

PSB = = × =4W
2 2 2
AC2
Since PC =
2
Q.4 An angle modulated signal is expressed by x(t) = cos[(2π × 107t ) + 75sin(2π × 103t )]. The peak frequency
deviation of carrier is
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(a) 750 kHz (b) 7.5 MHz

(c) 75 Hz (d) 75 kHz

4. (d)
φ(t) = 2π (107) t + 75sin(2π × 103t )

d φ(t )
= 2π × 107 + 75 × 2π × 103cos (2π × 103t )
dt
f i = fc + Δf
Δf = 75 kHz

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Q.5 The message input to a delta modulator is m (t) = cos2π500t and the step size is 0.1 V. The minimum
sampling frequency required to avoid slope overload distortion is
(a) 32 kHz (b) 42 kHz
(c) 52 kHz (d) 62 kHz

5. (a)

d m (t ) Δ
dt max ≤ TS

2π × 500 ≤ 0.1 ⋅ fs

2π × 500
≤ fs
0.1

SY
f s ≥ 10 π kHz
(fs) min = 10 π kHz ≈ 31.4 kHz

Q.6 A PCM system uses a uniform quantizer followed by a 8 bit encoder. If the bit rate of the system is
105 kbps, then the maximum bandwidth of the low-pass message signal for which the system operates
satisfactorily is
(a) 25 MHz (b) 6.25 MHz
(c) 12.5 MHz (d) 50 MHz
EA
6. (b)
Rb = nfs
108 = 8 fs
or fs = 12.5 MHz
for satisfactory operation
fs ≥ 2 fm
E

fm ≤ 6.25 MHz
fm max = 6.25 MHz
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Q.7 The signal v (t) = 5[cos(106π t ) – sin(103π t ) × sin(106π t )] represents

(a) DSB-SC (b) AM
(c) SSB upper side band signal (d) Narrow band FM

7. (d)

Q.8 The figure of merit of a phase modulated signal of power p for single tone modulation is
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3 2
(a) 3k p2 p (b) kp ⋅ p
2
3
(c) 3kp p 2 (d) kp p2
2
8. (a)

Q.9 The normalized average power of an angle modulated signal using sinusoidal message given as
x c (t ) = 2Re (e j ωct ⋅ e j β sin ωm t ) is
(a) 2 Watts (b) 4 Watts
(c) 6 Watts (d) 8 Watts

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9. (a)
x c (t) = 2Re (e j ωct ⋅ e j β sin ωm t )
∞
x c (t) = 2 ∑ Jn (β)cos(ωc + nωm )t
n = −∞

∞
(2Jn (β))2
Power = ∑ 2
n = −∞

22 4
Power = = =2W
2 2
Q.10 In phase modulation, the frequency deviation is
(a) Independent of modulating signal frequency

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(b) Inversely proportional to the modulating signal frequency
(c) directly proportional to the modulating signal frequency
(d) inversely proportional to the square root of the modulating frequency

10. (c)
Ac cos(ωc t + Δφ)
Δφ = kp m (t)
EA
φ(t) = ωct + kp m (t)

1 d φ(t ) 1k dm(t )
= fi = fc + p ⋅
2 π dt 2π dt

kp dm(t )
(Δφ)max = ⋅
2π dt
E

m (t) = A cos2π fmt

kp
= 2π ⋅ A ⋅ 2πfm sin2πfmt
AD

max

= kpA fm
M

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Numerical Answer Type Questions : Q. 11 to Q. 16 carry 1 mark each

Q.11 If a zero mean white Gaussian noise with power spectral density of 4 W/kHz is passed through an ideal
low pass filter with cut-off frequency of 2 kHz and the passband gain of 1 to produce an output signal
n 0(t), then the average power of n 0(t) will be __________ W.

11. (16)
Si(f )

4 W/kHz

f
0

H(f )

SY
1
LPF ⇒

f
–2kHz 0 2kHz
2
S0(f ) = Si(f ) |H(f )|
EA 4 W/kHz

f
–2kHz 0 2kHz

∞
Output noise power = ∫− ∞ S0 (f )df
E
W
= 4 × 4kHz = 16 Watts
kHz
Q.12 An FM signal has carrier swing of 100 kHz and modulation index of 6.25, then the modulating signal has
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frequency of ___________ kHz.

12. (8)

Δf
β =
fm

Δf
M

⇒ fm =
β
β = 6.25
2Δ f = 100 kHz
⇒ Δ f = 50 kHz
50
fm = × 103
6.25
fm = 8 kHz

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π
Q.13 A DSB modulated signal φ(t) = Acm (t)cos2π fct is multiplied with a local carrier c (t ) = cos ⎛⎜ ωct + ⎞⎟ . The
⎝ 6⎠
power of a output signal after passed through a low pass filter is __________ Watts.

(Assume Pm is the power of modulating signal)

13. 0.375 (0.30 to 0.40)

y (t) = φ(t) c (t)

Ac m (t ) ⎡ ⎛π⎞ ⎛ π ⎞⎤
cos ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎜ 2ωct + ⎟ ⎥
2 ⎢⎣
=
⎝6⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎠⎦

After passing through LPF

SY
Ac m(t )
(output of LPF) y 0(t) = cos θ
2
22
Pm =
2
A = 1
3
cos θ =

3
2
EA
cos2 θ =
4
A2 12 22 3
power ⎥ y0(t)⎥ 2 = ⋅ Pm cos2 θ = ⋅ ×
4 4 2 4
= 0.375 Watts
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Q.14 An AM modulator has output x (t) = 32cos400πt + 4cos360π t + 4cos440πt. The modulation efficiency
is _________ %.

14. 3.03 (2.85 to 3.20)

AD

μ2
Modulation efficiency = × 100
2 + μ2
μ Ac = 8
Ac = 32
8 1
μ = ⇒ = 0.25
M

32 4
1
16 × 100 = 1 × 100
1 33
2+
16
= 3.03%

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S
Q.15 The channel capacity of an ideal channel having infinite bandwidth with = 200 , where S is signal
N0
N0
power and is two sided spectral density is _________ Hz.
2

15. 288 (285 to 290)

S
C = 1.44
N0
= 1.44 × 200
= 288 Hz

Q.16 Two carriers 20 MHz and 40 MHz are frequency modulated by a signal of frequency 4 kHz, such that the

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bandwidth of FM signals in two cases are the same. The frequency deviations in the two cases are in the
ratio of ___________.

16. (1)
2(β1 + 1) fm = 2(β2 + 1) fm
2(Δf1 + fm) = 2(Δf2 + fm)
Δf1 = Δf2
Δf1
Δf2 = 1
EA
Multiple Choice Questions : Q.17 to Q.26 carry 2 marks each

Q.17 In a DSB-SC system with 100% modulation, the power saving is

(a) 50% (b) 75%
(c) 33.33% (d) 66.67%
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17. (d)
⎛ μ2 ⎞
Pt = PC ⎜ 1+ ⎟
AD

⎜ 2 ⎟⎠
⎝
2
P μ
= PC + C
2
supressing the carrier

PC μ2
M

Power transmitted 2 μ2
= =
Total Power ⎛ μ2 ⎞ ⎛ μ2 ⎞
PC ⎜⎜ 1+ ⎟ 2 ⎜⎜ 1+ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
for μ = 1
μ2 1
2
=
2+ μ 3

⎛ 1⎞
Power saved = ⎜ 1− ⎟ × 100
⎝ 3⎠
2
= × 100
3
= 66.67%

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Q.18 If the modulation index of the system is 0.1, then which of the following is the correct representation of an
AM signal
(a) 20 cos(2π × 105t ) + 2cos(201π × 103t) + 2cos(199π × 103t )
(b) 10cos(2π × 105t ) + cos(201π × 103t) + cos(199π × 103t )
(c) 10cos(2π × 105t ) + 2cos(202π × 103t) + 2cos(198π × 103t )
(d) 20 cos(2π × 105t ) + cos(202π × 103t) + cos(198π × 103t )

18. (d)
AC (1 + μcos2π fmt ) cos2π fct
μAC μAC
AC cos2π fct + cos2π(fc + fm)t + cos2π (fc – fm ) t
2 2
μAC
if AC = 10 ⇒ = 0.5
2

SY
μAC
if AC = 20 ⇒ = 1
2
Q.19 If modulation index of AM is changed from 1 to 0, the transmitted power.
(a) increased by 50% (b) decreased by 50%
(c) decreased by 33.33% (d) remains unaltered
EA
19. (c)
⎛ μ2 ⎞ 3PC
Pt = PC ⎜⎜ 1+ ⎟=
1
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 2

⎛ μ2 ⎞
Pt = PC ⎜⎜ 1+ ⎟ =P
2
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ C
E
3PC 1
− PC
percentage decrease in Pt = 2 × 100 = 2 P × 100 = 1 P × 100
3PC 3 C 3
C

2 2
AD

= 33.33%
Q.20 Consider the signal shown below
c(t)

10 V
AC
M

0V t

–10 V

The power of the signal shown is

(a) 9.25 Watts (b) 12.50 Watts
(c) 20.50 Watts (d) 18.75 Watts

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20. (d)
Vmax = AC + Am = 10
Vmin = AC – Am = 0
⇒ AC = Am
Thus AC = Am = 5 V
Vmax − Vmin 10 − 0
μ = = =1
Vmax + Vmin 10 + 0

⎛ μ2 ⎞
Pt = PC ⎜ 1+ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟⎠
⎝
⎡ 1⎤
Pt = PC ⎢1+ ⎥ = 1.5 PC
⎣ 2⎦

SY
AC2 5 × 5
PC = = = 12.5 Volts
2 2
Pt = 1.5 PC = 18.75 W

Q.21 A lower sideband SSB signal with carrier is expressed as φ(t ) = A cosωct + f (t)cosωct + fˆ(t ) sinωct . The
EA
signal is received and demodulated by an envelope detector. The approximate output of the detector will
be
(use f 2(t) << A for approximately)
(a) A + f (t) + fˆ(t ) (b) A + f(t) – fˆ(t )
(c) A + f (t) (d) A + f (t)

21. (c)
E

r (t) = (A + f (t ))2 + (fˆ(t ))2

= A2 + f 2 (t ) + 2Af (t ) + (fˆ(t ))2

AD

Given that f 2(t) << A , thus fˆ2 (t ) << A

⎛ 2f (t ) ⎞
A 2 + 2Af (t ) = A 2 ⎜ 1 +
A ⎟⎠
r (t) =
⎝
⎥ f ( t )⎥ << A
⎛ 2.1 f (t ) ⎞
M

A ⎜1+ ⋅ = A + f (t)
⎝ 2 A ⎟⎠

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Q.22 A message signal m (t ) whose spectrum M(f ) is passed through a system as shown below. The BPF
(band pass filter) has a bandwidth of 2W Hz centered at f0 and the LPF (Low Pass Filter) has a bandwidth
of W Hz. The bandwidth of the signal y (t) (in Hz) is
cos2πf0t

2
m(t) + x(t) Square y1(t) = x (t) y(t)
Σ Law BPF
y2(t) y3(t)
LPF
+ Device

cos2πf0t
M(f )
take (f0 >> W )

f (in Hz)
–W 0 W

SY
(a) W (b) 2 W
(c) 3 W (d) 4 W

22. (a)
X(f )
1/2
EA 1/2

f (Hz)
–f0 –W W f0

2W Y1(f )

X(t) Y1(f ) 1/4

1/4

f (Hz)
E

–2f0 –f0 –W+f0 f0 f0+W 2f0

Y3(f )
AD

f (Hz)
–f0–W –f0 –f0+W f0–W f0 f0+W

Y3(f )

1/2 1/2
M

0 f (Hz)
–2f0–W –2f0 –2f0+W –W W –W+ 2f0 2f0 2f0+W

H(f )

= LPF

f (Hz)
–W 0 W
Y(f )

f (Hz )
–W 0 W
Bandwidth of y (t) = W Hz

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Q.23 If the input to a low pass filter shown below is a random process X (t) with mean 1, then the mean value of
the output process Y (t) will be
1Ω

+ +

X(t) 1Ω 1F Y(t)

– –

1 1
(a) (b)
2 3
1 1
(c) (d)
4 6

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23. (a)
μ y = H (0)μx
1
H (f ) =
2 + j 2πf
EA
1
H (0) =
2
1 1
μy = ×1=
2 2

Q.24 An angle modulated system is given by s (t) = AC cos[2π(2 × 106)t + 30sin150 t + A cos150t )]. The maximum
phase deviation is 100 π. Then the value of A is
(a) 20 V (b) 30 V
E

(c) 40 V (d) 50 V

24. (c)
AD

θ(t) = 2π(2 × 106)t + 2π 900 + A2 cos(150t + φ′ )

s (t) = AC cos [2π (2 × 10 6 t + 30sin150t + A cos150t )]

Δφ = ( )
900 + A 2 2π cos(150t + φ′)

Δ φ⎥ max = 100 π = 2π 900 + A2

M

50 = 900 + A 2
A = 40 V

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Q.25 In a CD player, the sampling rate is 40000 samples/sec and each sample is encoded in 16 bits. If the
resultant number of bits for a piece of music is 2.304 × 109 bits, then the duration of the music is
(a) 40 min (b) 50 min
(c) 1 hour (d) None of these

25. (c)
rb = n ⋅ fs
= 16 × 40 × 103 = 640 × 103 bits/sec
Total bits
Time duration =
Bit rate

2.304 × 109
= = 3600 sec
640 × 103

SY
= 60 minutes = 1 hour

Q.26 If a binary source generates digits 1 and 0 randomly with equal probability, then the probability of exactly
two 1’s and eight 0’s with respect to 10 digits generated by the source will be

45 45
(a) (b)
512 EA 1024

10! 10!
(c) (d)
512 1024

26. (b)
10!
10C
2 = = 45
2!8!
P(two 1’s and eight 0’s) = 45 (0.5)2 (0.5)8
E

45 45
= 10
=
2 1024
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Numerical Answer Type Questions : Q.27 to Q.33 carry 2 marks each

Q.27 Consider two signals m (t) and c (t)

m(t)
c(t)
2V
10 V
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t t
0 0
–12 V –10 V

The modulation index of an AM signal s (t) given as s (t) = (A + m (t))cosωct is ______.

27. 1.2 (1.10 to 1.30)

m(t ) max
μ =
A
−12
μ = = 1.2
10

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1
Q.28 If the Nyquist sampling interval for the signal sinc(700t) + sinc(500t) is Hz, then the value of T
T
will be ________.

28. (700)
x (t) is band-limited with fm = 350 Hz. The Nyquist rate 2fm = 700 Hz

1 1
Sampling interval = Hz = Hz
700 T
T = 700

Q.29 The signal m (t) = Ac cosωct is corrupted by additive white gaussian noise n (t) with zero mean and PSD
N0

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SN (f ) = W/rad/sec . The value of output SNR after the signal m (t) + n (t) is applied to an LTI filter with
2
impulse response h (t) = e –t u (t). (given that N0 = 10 –7, Ac = 1 V, ωc = 1000 rad/sec) ________.

29. 789.56 (788 to 791)

⎛ Signal power ⎞ S
⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ Noise power ⎠Output N
EAm(t)+
H(ω)
Output (m0(t) + n0 (t))
n(t)

y (t) = h(t ) ⊗ (m(t ) + n(t ))

Y (f ) = H (f ) (M ( f ) + N ( f ))
Signal output
Ys (ω) = H (ω) ⋅ M (f )
E

1
= ⋅ A π (δ(ω − ωc ) + δ(ω + ωc ))
1+ j ω c
Ac π Ac π
Ys (ω) = 1 + j ω δ(ω − ωc ) + 1 − j ω δ(ω + ωc )
AD

c c

⎛ π2Ac2 π2Ac2 ⎞ 2π2 Ac2

Output signal power = ⎜ + ⎟ =
⎜ 1+ ω2 1+ ω2 ⎟
⎝ c c⎠ 1 + ωc2 ( )
2 π2 Ac2
=
(1 + ω ) 2
M

∞
1 2 N0
Output Noise power = ∫ H (ω) ⋅ 2 d ω
2π −∞
∞
1 N0 1
= ∫ ⋅
2π −∞ 2 1 + ω2
dω

N0
=
4
8π2 Ac2
(SNR)0 =
(1 + ωc2 ) N0

8 × π2
(SNR)0 = = 789.56
(1+ 106 ) × 10−7

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Q.30 The joint sample space for two random variables X and Y has four elements (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3) and (4, 4)
with probabilities 0.1, 0.35, 0.05, 0.5 respectively. The probability of the event {X ≤ 2.5, Y ≤ 6} is ______.

30. 0.45 (0.40 to 0.50)

P (X ≤ 2.5, Y ≤ 6.0) = FXY (2.5, 6.0)
FXY (x, y) = 0.1u (x – 1)u (y – 1) + 0.35 u (x – 2)u (y – 2) + 0.05 u (x – 3)u (y – 3)
+ 0.5u (x – 4)u (y – 4)
FXY (2.5, 6.0) = 0.1 + 0.35 = 0.45

Q.31 The message signal m (t) is shown below and the carrier frequency is 106 Hz. If m (t) is phase modulated
with phase deviation constant kp = 3 rad/V. The maximum instantaneous frequency of the modulated
signal is ____________ MHz.
m(t)

SY
5
π × 10

t (sec)
0 1 3 4

31. 1.15 (1.13 to 1.17)

φ(t) = kp m (t)
EA 1 d
f i = fc + ⋅ φ(t )
2π dt
kp d
= fc + m(t )
2 π dt
dm(t )/dt
E

5
π × 10
AD

3 4
t (sec)
0 1

5
–π × 10

kp
fi max = fc + × π × 105
2π
M

3π
fi max = 106 + × 105
2π
= 105 (10 + 1.5)
= 1.15 MHz

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Q.32 The Fourier spectrum X (f ) for x (t) is shown. Let y (t) = x 4 (t)
X( f )

0.002
fm = 250 Hz

f
–fm fm

If ideal sampling is used of y (t), the Nyquist sampling period required to reconstruct y (t), without alliasing
is ______________ milliseconds.

32. 0.5 (0.45 to 0.55)

y (t) = x (t) ⋅ x (t) ⋅ x (t) ⋅ x (t)
y (f ) = X (f ) ⊗ X (f ) ⊗ X (f ) ⊗ X (f )
Nyquist rate = 2(4 fm ) Hz

SY
1 1 1
Nyquist interval = = =
8 fm 8 × 250 2 × 1000
= 0.5 mseconds

Q.33 The signal to quantization noise ratio (SQNR) of a 8 bit PCM system is found to be insufficient at 40 dB. If
it is decided to increase the number of quantization levels (L) to get the desired SQNR of 52 dB, then the

33. (25)
EA
corresponding increase in the transmission bandwidth required will be _____%.

SQNR is increased by 12 dB
Increasing n by one bit increases SQNR by 6 dB
Hence number of bits increases from 8 to 10
i.e. increases by 25%
Rb ∝ n
E

Bandwidth ∝ Rb ∝ n
as n increased by 25%, bandwidth will also increase by 25%.
AD


M

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