VALENCES OF SOME COMMON MAIN GROUP IONS

Cations Anions
+1 valence 1 valence
Li+1 = lithium F-1 = fluoride
Na+1 = sodium Cl-1 = chloride
K+1 = potassium Br-1 = bromide
Rb+1 = rubidium I-1 = iodide
Cs+1 = cesium

+2 valence 2 valence
Be+2 = beryllium O-2 = oxide
Mg+2 = magnesium S-2 = sulfide
Ca+2 = calcium
Sr+2 = strontium
Ba+2 = barium 3 valence
Sn+2 = tin(II) N-3 = nitride
Pb+2 = lead(II) P-3 = phosphide

+3 valence
Al+3 = aluminum
Ga+3 = gallium

+4 valence
Sn+4 = tin(IV)
Pb+4 = lead (IV)

VALENCES OF SOME COMMON TRANSITION GROUP IONS

Sc = +3
Ti = +2, +3, +4
V = +2, +3, +4, +5
Cr = +2, +3. +4, +5, +6
Mn = +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7
Fe = +2, +3, +4, +5, +6
Co = +2, +3
Ni = +2, +3, +4
Cu = +1, +2 Ag = +1
Zn = +2 Cd = +2 Hg = +1*, +2

*Mercury(I) is diatomic = Hg2+2 (each mercury ion has a +1 charge)

VALENCES OF SOME COMMON POLYATOMIC IONS
Cation
+1 valence
NH4+1 = ammonium

Anions
1 valence
C2H3O2-1 = acetate OH-1 = hydroxide
HCO3-1 = bicarbonate (or hydrogen carbonate) ClO-1 = hypochlorite
HSO4-1 = bisulfate (or hydrogen sulfate) NO3-1 = nitrate
HSO3-1 = bisulfite (or hydrogen sulfite) NO2-1 = nitrite
ClO3-1 = chlorate ClO4-1 = perchlorate
CN-1 = cyanide MnO4-1 = permanganate

2 valence
CO3-2 = carbonate SO4-2 = sulfate
CrO4-2 = chromate SO3-2 = sulfite
Cr2O7-2 = dichromate S2O3-2 = thiosulfate

3 valence
PO4-3 = phosphate

Prefixes for Binary Molecular Compounds

1 = mono 4 = tetra
2 = di 5 = penta
3 = tri 6 = hexa