Senior High School Department

Manila Campus

< Title of your Research>

< Last Name, Full Name, M.I. >

< Last Name, Full Name, M.I. >
< Last Name, Full Name, M.I. >
< Last Name, Full Name, M.I. >

3rd Term, AY2018-2019

<Date of Submission>
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iii
 ABSTRACT

In the Philippines, the two biggest Internet service providers are PLDT and Globe
Telecom. These two companies have control over the market and compete in an
oligopoly, called duopoly. An expected problem arises from this set up where these two
leading Internet service providers fail to initiate a rivalry that would increase the demand
for a better ISP over another so that the internet service in the Philippines has become
poor when compared to its neighboring countries. This study seeks to theorize multiple
scenarios which aims to determine the possible playoffs of the two ISPs using game
theory. Game theory is a field of study that uses mathematical models of situations
involving two or more players that interact with certain rules and outcome. The duopoly
involving the two ISP provides is represented in this paper as a two-person nonzero sum
game where the players are (1) PLDT and the Globe and (2) the people who are
represented by the Government. Utilizing a payoff matrix for the game indicating the
resulting payoffs of the two players depending on their choice of moves. Then solutions
are to the game using the concepts of maximin and Nash equilibrium (pure and mixed) in
order to identify the best possible strategies of all players as they compete against each
other.

Keywords: Philippine Telecommunication, Duopoly, Game Theory, Nash

Equilibrium, Maximin Theory

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 Table of Contents

Abstract i

List of Tables vi
List of Figures viii

1.0 Introduction 1
1.1. Background of the Study 1
1.2. Research Objectives 2
1.3. Scope and Limitations 3
1.4. Significance of the Study 4

2.0 Review of Related Literature 5

2.1. Topic 1 5
2.2. Topic 2 6
2.3. Topic 3 7

3.0 Research Methodology 8

3.1. Materials 8
3.2. Procedure 9
3.3. Research Design 10
3.4. Data Analysis Strategy 12

4.0 Results and Discussions 14

4.1. Results and Analysis 1 14

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 4.2. Results and Analysis 2 16
4.3. Results and Analysis 3 18

5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations 20

References 22

Appendix
A. Gantt Chart 24
B. Estimated Budget 26
C. Informed Consent Form 28
D. Informed Assent Form (optional, depending on your participants) 29
E. Data Collection Instruments 30
F. Evaluation Instruments (optional, depending on your research design) 32
G. Transcript of Interview (optional, depending on your research design) 35
H. Evaluation Results 40
I. Prototype Design (optional, depending on your research type) 45

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 List of Tables

Table 1. Caption 4
Table 2. Caption 7
Table 3. Caption 8

Guidelines and Reminders:

 The List of Figures follow the same format as the Table of Contents. It is used to
provide a quick reference to all the figures (pictures, diagrams) that are found in
your research paper.
 The List of Tables also follow the same format as the List of Figures, but should
be placed on a separate page.
 Your research paper must have a page number. The page number starts on the page
where the Introduction is found.
 Each new Chapter must begin on a new page. This means the Review of Related
Literature must be placed on a new page, even if there is still space on the previous
page.
 Observe proper citations and referencing of source materials.

vii
 List of Figures

Figure 1. Caption 6
Figure 2. Caption 12
Figure 3. Caption 19

viii
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The Background of the Study is both an expansion of your abstract and a more
concise summation of your Literature Review. This will determine the outline of the
body of the Literature Review. Think of this as an outline or a thumbnail sketch of the
highlights of your Literature Review. Since it is a summation of other author and
theorists work remember to cite heavily at the end of the paragraphs or as needed in the
text.

Using the inverted pyramid in Figure 1 as your guide, your Background of the Study
should contain the following paragraphs:

 At least one paragraph that describes the general context of your research topic,
which you might consider a state of world affairs briefing, or the broader field of
study where your research falls under. Describe the existing and prevailing
problem and situation on a global scale or broad world view.

 At least one paragraph that gives a more specific context regarding your topic,
this might be considered the state of your community briefing. This should
narrow or focus the prevailing problem to a local situation, or a smaller research
area within your field of study. This helps prepare your audience to understand
and accept the statement of the problem.

 At least one paragraph to summarize the previous studies relevant to your

research topic, their approaches and findings.

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 This section should end with a paragraph that discusses the research problem, the
gap in the previous studies, or an opportunity to apply an approach or solution to another
domain or discipline. The previous paragraphs should have prepared your readers and
lead them towards this research problem or opportunity.

1.2 Research Objectives

Discuss in one paragraph the general objective/s of what you will do in the research.
Verbs typically used to state your objectives include analyze (the effect of …),
investigate (how substance can be used in …), explore (the different applications of …),
build (a tool for …), design (a model to help…) and develop (a learning environment
to… ). This is a brief statement of how you will investigate the research problem. Then
enumerate your specific objectives or activities that you will conduct in order to achieve
your general research objective. Use words such as identify, review, determine, define,
evaluate, assess, model, design, compare.

a) ….

b) …

c) …

1.3 Scope and Limitations

This section is where you can expound on each of your specific research objectives.
A general rule of thumb is to allocate one paragraph to describe the rationale or purpose
of doing the specific objective or activity in relation to your research, and to specify the
scope and exclusions in your specific objective.

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 Do not adopt a whiny (e.g., lack of resources, limited time) and petulant tone when
describing what is and is not included in the scope of your research. The following
should also be described as appropriate to your specific study:
 The profile and demographics of your target participants
 Your data sources (i.e., new data, data from previous studies, data to be provided by
some experts, data to be retrieved from social networks)
 The methods for collecting the data
 The coverage areas or locations
 The specific software tool to be used or evaluated
 The duration or time period (e.g., news articles for the year 2018)

1.4 Significance of the Study

Discuss the contributions of your research along two major items:

 The benefits that your research may bring to the population of your study and to the
society at large;
 The benefits that your research findings may bring to the academic research
community (to education, science, technology, engineering, to other researchers).

Contributions and benefits can be in form of new knowledge, a check on the major
findings of previous studies, a check on the relevance or validity of previous studies to
new situations or domains (e.g., different community, different population), a check on
trends over time, or a validation of findings using a different research methodology.

Consider all possible stakeholders, not just the direct beneficiaries of your research.
Be broad in your perspectives, covering both immediate and long-term benefits.

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The Review of Related Literature provides a summary of the different categories

of literature that you have reviewed. Related literatures are previous studies that you
have reviewed and possibly summarized in Chapter 1 (Background of the Study).
They include research findings, published or unpublished theories and principles
formulated by experts or authorities in some field or discipline, and ideas or opinions
of experts contained in books, technical reports, conference proceedings, journals and
periodicals. To be considered a related literature, the paper should:
 Describe work on a research area that is similar or relevant to yours
 Describe work on a domain that is similar or relevant to yours
 Use a resource (raw material, technology, tool, approach) that may be useful to
your work

2.1 Organizing your Related Literature

The Review of Related Literature should be organized thematically to conform

with the specific problems. A common way to categorize your literature is based on
your keywords. Find references using these keywords. Use the references of the
related literature to find more relevant works.

Once you have determined the categories of literature that you will review,
allocate one section for each topic/category or group of related literature. In each
section, provide a consistent summary of the things you learned from each of the
literature. By consistency, we mean that you should strive to provide the same content
and analysis for each of the literature you have reviewed. For example, for every
literature, discuss the collected data and collection method, the results and findings.

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 Each section should either start or end with a synthesis of all the evidence (related
literature) from all the studies you included in your review, to give the reader an
overall understanding of the current state and problem areas.

The Review of Related Literature should be written in terms of your Research

Objectives. It should give more weight to previous studies that are considered
authoritative, and should give reference to primary rather than secondary sources.
Discuss the relevant related literature, but do not feel compelled to include an exhaustive
historical account. Assume that the reader is knowledgeable about the basic problem and
does not require a complete accounting of its history.

2.2 Citations

Citation of and specific credit to relevant earlier works are signs of scientific and
scholarly responsibility and are essential for the growth of a cumulative science. In the
description of relevant scholarship, also inform readers whether other aspects of this
study have been reported on previously and how the current use of the evidence differs
from earlier uses. At the same time, cite and reference only works pertinent only to the
specific issue and not those that are only tangential or general significance.

2.3 Other Guidelines

When summarizing earlier works, avoid nonessential details: instead, emphasize

pertinent findings, relevant methodological issues, and major conclusions. Refer the
reader to general surveys or research synthesis of the topic if they are available.

Demonstrate the logical continuity between previous and present work. Develop the
problem with enough breadth and clarity to make it generally understood by as wide a
professional audience as possible. Do not let the goal of brevity lead you to write a
statement intelligible only to the specialist.

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2.4 Figures and Tables

The following paragraphs describe how to format your tables and figures.

Place tables, figures and code listings as close to the text where they are referenced as
possible. Figures, tables and listings should have captions and should be numbered (e.g.,
“Table 1” or “Figure 2” or “Listing 1”). Note that the word for Table and Figure are
spelled out. Figures are used to refer to diagrams, pictures and charts. A figure’s caption
should be centered beneath the image or picture, as illustrated in Figure 1.

Tables are used to refer to columnar data such as test results. A table’s caption should
be centered above the table body as shown in Table 1.

Listings are used to refer to algorithms or pseudocodes, code snippets, text excerpts,
and text output from executing a code. A listing’s caption is placed left-justified above
the listing as shown in Listing 1.

Further note that we refer to figures, tables and listings as “Figure x”, “Table x”, and
“Listing x”, where x begins from 1. Avoid using preposition words like “above” and
“below”.

Figure 1. Main interface of The Pizzeria Story

Table 1. Table captions should be placed above the table

Survey Rating Rating Rating Rating

Item 1 2 3 4
Item #1 N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%)
Item #2 N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%)

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Listing 1. Story excerpt from Picture Books 1

The evening was warm. Rizzy the rabbit was in the dining room. She played near a
lamp.

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 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Materials

PRACRES2

3.2 Procedure

PRACRES2

3.3 Research Design

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3.4 Data Analysis Strategy

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 CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 ABC

PRACRES3

4.2 DEF

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 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

PRACRES4…

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 REFERENCES

Plagiarism is a major offense. Make sure you observe proper citations of all
materials that you reviewed and referenced in writing your research
paper.

The references section is written with a paragraph in the hanging indent style
and with a sentence space of 1.5 for improved readability. There must
be a reference for every work cited, and nothing should be referenced
that is not cited, in the entire document.

References are to be formatted using the APA style. The reference list
contains all the sources coming from books, articles, technical papers
and journals. The list should be arranged alphabetically according to
the lastname of the first author of each publication. Below are some
samples that you can use. See the APA 6 th Publication Manual, chapter
7 for the appropriate reference styles for each type of source used.

Books:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., and Author, C. C. (Publication Year). Title of
the Book. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Examples:
Fields, M., and Spangler, K. (2000). Let's Begin Reading Right: A
Developmental Approach to Emergent Literacy. Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Merrill.
Turner, S. (1993). Minstrel: A Computer Model of Creativity and Storytelling.
University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.

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Journal Articles:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., and Author, C. C. (Year of Publication). Title of
article. Title of Periodical, Vol(Issue), Pages, Month and Year of
Journal. [Publisher.]

Examples:
Liu, H., and Singh, P. (2004). ConceptNet – A Practical Commonsense
Reasoning Tool-Kit. BT Technology Journal, 22(4), pp. 11-26,
October 2004.
Ryokai, K., Vaucelle, C., and Cassell, J. (2003). Virtual Peers as Partners in
Storytelling and Literacy Learning. Journal of Computer Assisted
Learning, 19(2), pp. 195-208.

Conference Papers:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., and Author, C. C. (Year of Publication). Title of
article. In Proceedings of the Conference Title, Pages, Venue, Month
and Year of Conference. [Publisher.]

Examples:
Ang, K., Yu, S., and Ong, E. (2011). Theme-Based Cause-Effect Planning for
Multiple-Scene Story Generation. In Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Computational Creativity, pp. 48-53,
April 27-29 2011, Mexico City, Mexico.
Cua, J., Manurung, R., Ong, E., and Pease, A. (2010). Representing Story
Plans in SUMO. In Proceedings of the NAACL Human Language
Technology 2010 Workshop on Computational Approaches to
Linguistic Creativity (NAACL-HLT CALC ’10), pp. 40-48, June 5
2010, Los Angeles. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for
Computational Linguistics.
Yu, S. and Ong, E. (2012) Using Common-sense Knowledge in Generating
Stories. In P. Anthony, M. Ishizuka and D. Lukose (Eds.), 12th Pacific
Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, LNAI 7458,

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 pp. 838-843, Malaysia, September 5-7 2012. Springer-Verlag Berlin
Heidelberg.

Technical Reports:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., and Author, C. C. (Year Completed) Title of the
Thesis. Unpublished <Undergraduate Thesis / Masteral Thesis / PhD
Dissertation> / Technical Report / Position Paper, University, City,
Country.

Examples:
Ding, W. and Marchionini, G. (1997) A Study on Video Browsing Strategies.
Technical Report, University of Maryland at College Park, Maryland,
USA.
Riedl, M. (2004). Narrative Generation: Balancing Plot and Character. PhD
Dissertation, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA.
Uijlings, J.R.R. (2006). Designing a Virtual Environment for Story
Generation. Master’s Thesis, University of Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.

Web Sources - provide as much information as needed, including web page

author, web page title, date of retrieval.

Example:
Venour, C. and Reiter, E. (2008) A Tutorial for SimpleNLG (version 3.7)
http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/~ereiter/simplenlg

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