”INSTRUMENT

TRANSFORMER”

Presented by :
*Nishant kumar
Reg. No. 0701209350
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Silicon institute of technology , Bhubaneswar
[ Contents ]
▪ Instrument transformer
 Introduction
 Classification

▪ Current transformer
Principle of Operation
Construction & Classification
 Application & Specification

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▪ Potential Transformer
Principle of operation
Construction ,Classification & Application
▪Electromotive voltage
transformer
Introduction
Construction & Application
▪ Capacitive voltage transformer
Introduction
Construction & Application 3
 [ Introduction of instrument

transformer ] which help in measurement

 A electrical device
of high voltage or current.
 It provide low range current and voltage to the
protection system.
 By using low range ammeter can measure
high current.
 By using low range voltmeter can measure
high voltage.

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[ Types of instrument transformer ]
Instrument transformer has two type
1) Current transformer
2)Potential transformer

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 [ current transformer ]
 It is normally known as CT.
This is a type of step up transformer.
This is step up transformer because when
we step up, the voltage increases and
current decrease.
 The current is step down in a known ratio
called current ratio.

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[Construction of current transformer]
The current transformer has primary coil
of one or less no. of turns of thick wire
which is connected in series with the
transmission line.
It’s core is made of by rolled steel.
The secondary consist of large number of
turns of fine wire.
The secondary and primary winding are
insulated to each other and oil immersed.
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Current transformer

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CURRENT TRANSFORMER

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[classification of current transformer]
On the basis of primary winding
1) Wound type
2) Bar type
On the basis of secondary winding
1) Ring type
2) Stadium type
3) Rectangular type
On the basis of working
1) Summation CT.
2) Core balance CT.
3) Interposing CT. 10
[ Standards ]
The Indian and international standard for CT
o Standard ⁞ Standard no. ⁞ Year
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 British ⁞ BS 3938 ⁞ 1973

 American ⁞ ANSI C.57.13 ⁞ 1978
 Australian ⁞ AS 1675 ⁞ 1986
 India ⁞ IS 2705 ⁞ 1992
 IEC ⁞ IEC 60044-1 ⁞ 1996
(International electro technical commission)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Manufacturing company
 BHEL,CGL,ABB,Joti,Siemens… Etc.
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[ Testing of current transformer ]
Different type of test :
 Accuracy test
 Dielectric insulation test
 Temperature rise test
 Verification of polarity test

Different method of testing

 Mutual induction method
 Silsbee’s method 12
[ Specification ]
 For a 11 kv CT.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 System voltage : 11 kv
 Insulation level voltage : 12/28/75 kv
 Ratio : 200/1-1-0.577 A
 Core 1 : 1 A metering
 Core 2 : 1 A protection
 Core 3 : 0.577 A, Class power supply
 Short time rating 20 kA for 1 sec
 Insulation security factor : ISF<10 13
[ POTENTIAL
TRANSFORMER ]
Potential transformer normally known as
PT.
That is a type of step down transformer.
Step down transformer ,step down the
voltage and rise the current.
The voltage is step down in the known
ratio called voltage ratio.

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[ principle of operation ]
It is always connected in parallel to the
transmission line.
It’s secondary winding is very low with
respect to the primary.
The secondary winding is designed so
that a voltage of 100 to 150 v is delivered
to the instrument load.
Line voltage =voltmeter reading/Ratio
Ratio=no. of turn in secondary/no.of turn in primary
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POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

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POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

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[ construction of potential
transformer ]
Core size is large and made of by steel.
Primary side large no. of turn.
Secondary side only few no. of turn.
Secondary and primary winding are
insulated to each other and oil immersed.

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[ classification of potential
transformer ]
Types of potential transformer
1) Shell type
2) Dry type
3) Oil type
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rating Type
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Below 5000 v Shell type

5000 – 138000 v Dry or oil type
Above 138000 v Only Oil type
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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 [ Standards ]
The Indian and international standard for PT
o Standard ⁞ Standard no. ⁞ Year
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 British ⁞ BS 3841 ⁞ 1973

 American ⁞ ANSI C.57.13 ⁞ 1978
 Australian ⁞ AS 1243 ⁞ 1982
 India ⁞ IS 3156 ⁞ 1992
 IEC ⁞ IEC 186 ⁞ 1987
(International electro technical commission)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Manufacturing company
 BHEL,CGL,ABB,Joti,Siemens… Etc. 20
[ Testing of Potential transformer ]
Different type of test :
 Accuracy test
 Dielectric insulation test
 Temperature rise test
 Verification of polarity test

Different method of testing

 Absolute null method
 Employing capacitance divider method
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[ specification ]
For a 11 kv VT :
 System voltage : 11kv
 Insulation level voltage : 12/28/75 kv
 Number of phase : Three
 Vector Group : star/star
 Ratio : 11 kv/ 110 kv
 Burden : 100 VA
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[ Electro motive voltage
transformer ]
o Why not conventional type potential
transformer.
 Above 100 kv , size are very large.
 Insulation problem
 High heating effect
 Costly to build

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 [ designs ]
1. Insulated casing
 Use high voltage insulated oil
2. Moulded rubber potential transformer
 Replace oil and porcelain bushing to
the synthetic rubber.
3. Cascaded transformer
 For voltage divider cascaded n no. of
transformer.
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[ capacitive voltage
transformer ]
 A less expensive alternative of electro
magnetic voltage transformer.
 Use no. of capacitor as a voltage
divider.
 Less insulation problem.
 Very cheaper.
 Simple circuit.
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 CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMER

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[ Design ]
 Use capacitor band.
 Use an Auxiliary transformer.
 Secondary have very low voltage.
 Any bus bar protection system or any
measuring device connect to the
secondary of the auxiliary transformer.

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CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMER

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Application of instrument transformer

* It help in measurement of high voltage or current.

* It provide low voltage and current to the electrical
device.
* It’s measure application is in the protection system
where relay is work on low amount of voltage and current

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REFERENCES :
• Introduction to the electrical machines.
Macmillan.
• Hand book of transformer design and
applications. McGraw-Hill.
• IEEE Transactions on power Apparatus
And System.

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 ANY
Query ???

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Thank You !