Anemoeter

An anemometer is an instrument used for measuring wind speed and

direction.
It is derived from two Greek Words “anemos” means wind. It is used to
describe any wind speed instrument used in meteorology.
Note: First known description of an anemometer (Plate anemometer)
was given by Leon Battista Alberti in 1450.

A hemispherical cup anemometer of the type invented in 1846

by John Thomas Romney Robinson.

Vane anemometer
Vane anemometer is used as windmill which is transformed to advance
shape of propeller.

They are now used as digital or electronic form.

Hot Wire Anemometer
Hot wire anemometer consist of a filament of tungsten which is heated to raise it’s
temperature after that air is flowing across it to cool down the wire. The wire cooled
with the flow of speed of air, reading is noted digitally.
.

a) Simple b) Advance

Tools used in 1950’s:

a) Laser Doppler Anemometer b) Ultrasonic Anemometer

Laser Doppler Anemometer:

This type of anemometer is used beam of light which splits into two
beams one propagated out of anemometer and other is reflected back
to the device which creates a Doppler shift which help to measure wind
speed.

Fig. Animated pic

Ultrasonic Anemometer:
They measure the wind speed on the basis of sonic pulses which travel
b/w transducers (A device used to convert energy into different forms).

Fig. UA.

RECENT ADVANCED TOOLS

a) Acoustic resonance anemometers
b)Ping-pong ball anemometers

a) Acoustic resonance anemometers

Invented by Savvas Kapartis and patented in 1999. Such type of anemometers used
resonance of ultrasonic waves for measuring wind speed.

b) Ping-pong ball anemometers

A tennis ball is hanged with a thread, when wind passes through it horizontally the
speed with which air blows is easily calculated by speed of tennis ball.
Pressure Anemometer
 Old pressure Anemometers are:
a)Plate Anemometer b)Tube Anemometer
Plate anemometer:
This was the first modern anemometer invented by Leon Battista Alberti
in 1450.
Consist of circular plates balanced by springs. The compression of spring
tells the force with which the spring is compressed by wind. In this way
wind speed is recorded

Tube Anemometer:
Early on invented by James Lind but practical model is invented by William Henry.
Based on liquid manometer, having U shaped tube. The pressure difference b/w
both the open U-shaped tube helped to measure the speed of wind
Pitot Tube
 Advanced pressure Anemometers is Pitot Tube
Pitot tube working on same principle of Dine’s instrument but it is more
advanced in shape and Design.

Wind Vane:
Wind vane is another way used on small airports to check the direction
of wind and speed of wind.

SOURCE:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemometer