ISSN 2319-8885

Vol.03,Issue.18
August-2014,
Pages:3716-3721
www.semargroup.org,
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Analysis and Design of High-Rise Reinforced Concrete Building with

Basement under Seismic Load
SOE THU PHAY1, DR.KYAW MOE AUNG2
Dept of Civil Engineering, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar.

Abstract: This paper presents dynamic analysis and design of earthquake resistant reinforced concrete building in Mandalay
area. Structural analysis is done by ETABS software using response spectrum analysis. Special moment resisting frame
(SMRF) is considered for the proposed fifteen storeyed building in seismic zone 4. Dead load, live load, wind load and
earthquake load are considered based on UBC- 97. Concrete strength of all structural members is 3000 psi and reinforcing yield
strength of 50000 psi are used for rebar. All structural members are designed according to ACI (318-99) Code. Slab thickness is
considered 5in for all slabs. The overall height of the building is 172ft and it is rectangular shaped. Basement wall is subjected
the lateral soil pressure. Ranking Earth Pressure theory is considered for basement wall to calculate the lateral soil pressure.
Steel schedules for designed members such as column, beam, slab, stair and basement wall are summarized in this study.
Design results are checked for safety, P-Δ effect, story drift, torsional irregularity, sliding and overturning.

Keywords: Dynamic Analysis, Lateral Soil Pressure, Basement Wall, Steel Schedules.

I. INTRODUCTION II. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

Now a days, there are many congestion of transit vehicles
at road and many place. Parking space and bus stop is not
enough to stop the vehicles. Therefore, basements are
considered at high-rise buildings. High-rise buildings are also
constructed to provide the business and private living
activities with the increased urbanization of the city. High-
rise buildings are constructed with basement to get additional
space in the buildings for various purposes such as
warehouse storage or underground car parks. With increasing
height, the extra ordinary forces of natures (wind, earthquake,
fire and blast), tend more and more dominated the structural
system. Myanmar is situated in inherent major earthquake
hazards and therefore, earthquake load is being considered in
the design structure stability as a vital effect in this study. In
high-rise building, it is important to ensure earthquake
stiffness to resist lateral forces induced by wind or seismic
effects. The high-rise building structure is a vertical
cantilever so that elements of structure are;
 To resist axial loading by gravity and,
 To resist transverse loading by wind or earthquake.
The objectives of the study are as follows;
 To analyze and design of high-rise reinforced concrete
building with basement under seismic load.
 To know the behaviour of the basement effect.
 To get the detail design of the structural members such
as column, beam, slab, stair and basement wall.
III. PREPARATION FOR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
A. Site Location and Structural System
The location of proposed building is in Mandalay area.
The type of occupancy is residential building. Longer
direction in X is 138ft and the shorter direction in Y is 100ft
in this building. The overall height of the structure is 172ft.
The value of response modification factor, R is 8.5. Typical
floor plan and 3D view of proposed building are shown in
Fig.1 and 2.

It is considered high seismic hazard because Mandalay

located near Sagaing fault situated in the seismic zone 4 by
UBC-97.The main duty of structural engineer is to design the
structures safely, economically and efficiently. Analysis and
design of seismic resistance building depends on analysis and
complicated design processes. The building must resist
vertical load of gravity and horizontal load of wind and
earthquake resistance high-rise building.
Fig.1. Typical Floor Plan.

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 SOE THU PHAY, DR.KYAW MOE AUNG
Earthquake Loads:
Seismic zone =4
Soil type = SD
Seismic zone factor = 0.4
Seismic coefficient, Ca = 0.44
Cv = 0.64
I =1
Ct = 0.03
R = 8.5
Structural system = SMRF
Seismic source type =A
Near-source factor, Na = 1
Nv = 1

D. Load Combination
Design codes are considered according to ACI (318-99)
and UBC-97, the following load combinations is considered
Fig.2. 3D View of Proposed Building. for dynamic analysis.
1) 1.4DL
B. Material Properties 2) 1.4DL+1.7LL
The strength of the structure depends on the strength of the 3) 1.05DL+1.275LL+1.275WX
materials from which it is made. So, it is used as the 4) 1.05DL+1.275LL-1.275WX
following data to design the proposed structure. 5) 1.05DL+1.275LL+1.275WY
Weight per unit volume of concrete : 150pcf 6) 1.05DL+1.275LL-1.275WY
Modulus of elasticity : 3.122x10 6 psi 7) 0.9DL+1.3WX
Poisson’s ratio : 0.2 8) 0.9DL-1.3WX
Coefficient of thermal expansion :5.5x10 6 in/in /° F 9) 0.9DL+1.3WY
Reinforcing yield stress, fy : 50000psi 10) 0.9DL-1.3WY
Shear Reinforcement yield stress, fy: 50000psi 11) 1.33DL+1.275LL+1.4025SPEC X
Concrete cylinder strength, fc’ : 3000psi 12) 1.33DL+1.275LL+1.4025SPEC Y
13) 1.33DL+1.275LL+1.4025SPEC Y
C. Load Considering 14) 1.33DL+1.43SPEC X
The applied loads are dead loads, live loads, earthquake
load and wind load. Dead load consists of the weight of all
IV. DESIGN RESULTS FOR STRUCTURE
materials and fixed equipment incorporated into the building. The proposed building is designed by using ETABS
Earthquake excitation and wind excitation are calculated software, ACI (318-99) and based on UBC-97. The design
according to UBC-97.To obtain the safe design, maximum
results are as follow:
portable values must be established before the design process
can proceed. A. Design Results for Beams and Column
The whole structure consists of 2520 beams. The beam
Gravity Loads: sizes are 10"x12", 10"x14", 10"x16, 12"x16" and 12"x18".
Data for dead loads; According to ACI code, reinforcements are provided not to
Unit weight of concrete = 150 pcf be less than the minimum required steel area and not to
4.5in thick brick wall weight = 55 psf exceed the maximum steel area. In this study, square column
9in thick brick wall weight = 100 psf are used. The whole structure consists of 1320 columns. The
Superimposed dead load = 25 psf columns sizes are12"x12", 14"x14", 16"x16", 18"x18", 20"x
Weight of elevator = 2tons 20", 22"x22", 24"x24", 26"x26", 28"x28" and
Data for live loads; 30"x30".Design principles are based on ACI (318-99). It is
Live load on floor = 40psf also manually checked whether the ratio of longitudinal steel
Live load on stair-case =100psf area to gross cross-sectional area be within the ranges from
Live load on roof = 20psf 0.01 to 0.06.
Wind Loads: B. Design Result of Slabs and Stairs
Exposure type = Type B Only gravity load is considered in slab design. Design
Basic wind velocity = 80mph principles are based on ACI 318-99. There are seven types of
Overall height = 172ft slab according to span length. Slab thickness is 5 inches for
Method used = Normal Force Method the all slab. No.3 bars are used for reinforcement. There are
Windward coefficient = 0.8 two type of stairs in the building. The stair-1 is 10 ft and stair
Leeward coefficient = 0.5 -2 is 12 ft height. The waist thickness is 5 inches for all stairs
Important factor =1
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.03, IssueNo.18, August-2014, Pages: 3716-3721
 Analysis and Design of High-Rise Reinforced Concrete Building with Basement under Seismic Load
and #3 bars are used. Longitutinal steel spacing is between TABLE I: Sample Beam Steel Schedule (Longitudinal
5in and 6in. Distribution steel spacing is 10in. Reinforcing Bar)

C. Design Result of Basement wall

The basement wall is designed with the lateral earth
pressure and surcharge pressure, ω=250 psf. Unit weight of
soil is 120pcf and angle of internal friction, Ø=35 • are
considered and lateral soil pressure on the wall is calculated
based on Rankine Earth Pressure Theory as shown in Fig. 3.

Fig.3. Lateral soil pressure on the basement wall.

Basement wall is considered as cantilever frame.

Thickness of basement wall is 10''. There are No.4 bars for
all steel. Longitudinal reinforcing bar and shear reinforcing
for structural elements such as beams, columns, slabs, stairs
and basement walls are shown in table 1, table 2, table 3,
table 4 and table 5 and Figs.4 to 16.

TABLE II: Sample Beam Steel Schedule (Shear

Reinforcingbar)

Fig.4. Typical Beam Layout Plan of Proposed Building.

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.03, IssueNo.18, August-2014, Pages: 3716-3721
 SOE THU PHAY, DR.KYAW MOE AUNG
TABLE III: Column Steel Schedule For Proposed
Building

Fig.5. Steel schedule for typical beam for B2.

Fig.8. Steel schedule of typical column for C1.

Fig.6. Steel schedule for typical beam for B3a.

Fig.9. Steel schedule of typical column for C2.

Fig.7. Typical Column Layout Plan of Proposed Building.
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.03, IssueNo.18, August-2014, Pages: 3716-3721
 Analysis and Design of High-Rise Reinforced Concrete Building with Basement under Seismic Load

a) Shorter Direction

Fig.10. Typical Slab Layout Plan of Proposed Building. b) Longer Direction

TABLE IV: Slab Steel Schedule for Proposed Building Fig.12. Sample Steel Schedule of Slab -7 (One Way).

TABLE V: Stair Steel Schedule for Proposed Building

Fig.13. Steel schedule of Stair for12ft Height Storey.

a) Shorter Direction

b) Longer Direction
Fig.11. Sample Steel Schedule of Slab -1 (Two Way). Fig.14. Steel Schedule of Stair for10ft Height Storey.

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.03, IssueNo.18, August-2014, Pages: 3716-3721
 SOE THU PHAY, DR.KYAW MOE AUNG
TABLE VI: Design Result for Basement Wall
Fig.15. Steel Schedule of Basement Wall Plan.
members for beams and columns, steel schedules are
summarized only for floor beam B2 (10"x14") and B3a
(10"x16") and column C1 and C2 in this study. Support
conditions for this proposed building is considered as fixed
type. For the design of reinforced concrete beams, an
appropriate steel ratio between ρmin and ρmax is used. The
main reinforcement for column and beam is used larger than
#5 bars. The transverse reinforcement for column and beam
is also used #3 bars. Stirrup spacing is considered between
3in to 6in for column and beam. There are seven type of slab
in the proposed building according to span length. 5in slab
thickness is used for all slabs. There are two type of stair in
the proposed building. The main reinforcement steel of stair
is #3 bar. In the design of Basement, lateral soil pressure
acting on the basement wall. Active pressure is subjected 1/3
of the base and it is considered by using Rankine Earth
Pressure Theory. The main reinforcement and the transverse
reinforcement for Basement wall is used #4 bars and stirrup
spacing is 10in spacing. By providing the basement wall,
required steel area is increased at the column base and story
drift is decreased at the base of the building. Finally, all the
structural stabilities are carried out for the proposed building
and safety factor are also within allowable limit.

Fig.16. Steel Schedule for 3D view of Basement Wall.
V. STABILITY CHECK
Sliding, overturning moment, storey drift, P-∆ effect and
torsional irregularity are checked for structural stability of the
proposed buildings.
VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author would like to express his gratitude to Dr. Myint
Thein, Rector, Mandalay Technological University, for his
directions and managements. The author also wishes to
record the greatest and special thanks and owe in gratitude to
his supervisor, Dr. Kyaw Moe Aung, Associate Professor and
Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Mandalay
Technological University, for his careful guidance, advices
and invaluable encouragement. The author specially thanks
to his teachers from Civil Engineering Department for their
supports and encouragements to attain his destination.
Finally, the author specially thanks to all his teachers and his
family.

VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper, analysis and design of fifteen-storeyed
reinforced concrete building with basement is carried out by
ETABS software using the response spectrum analysis. The
structural system is special moment resisting frame (SMRF)
and the design is considered for residential building in
Mandalay area. The overall height is 172ft. Load
consideration is based on UBC-97 and structural elements are
designed according to ACI (318-99). The proposed building
is designed with concrete cylinder strength of fc' = 3000psi
and reinforcing steel of fy = 50000psi. Among various design
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] Arthur H. Nilson. “Design of Concrete Structures”. 12 th
edition.
[2] American Building Code Requirement for Structural
Concrete(318-99), Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills; M1.
(1999).
[3] Uniform Building Code, 1997, Volume 2. Structural
Engineering Design Provision (19997).
[4] Lindeburg, M.R 2001. Seismic Design of Building
Structure. 8th Edition.Belmont: Professional publication, Inc.
[5] American Concrete Institute. “Building Code
Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-99)”.
[6] “ETABS version (9.7.1)”, Computer & Structures Inc.
[7] Nilson A.H. and Darwin, D. Design of Concrete
steuctures, 12th Edition. Singapore: McGrow-Hill
Companies, Inc(1997).
[8] U Nyi Hla Nge: Reinforced concrete Design, 1st Edition,
Win Toe Aung Offest, Yangon, (2010).

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.03, IssueNo.18, August-2014, Pages: 3716-3721