STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA

1. Introduction

1.1 General

The purpose of this document is to summarize the codes and standards and design criteria that
will be used during the project engineering and design. These criteria form the basis of the
design for the structural components and systems for the project.

1.2 Structure

The structure is a residential building. It is located at Brgy. Tabuan (San Mateo), Arayat,
Pampanga.

The structural framing system is a reinforced concrete moment-resisting frame. The structural
roof system is combined of steel trusses and roof deck.

Figure 1. Perspective of the Residential Building

 Figure 2. Front Elevation of the Residential Building

2. Design Codes

Listed in Table 1 are the relevant design & building codes and other references used in the
structural assessment and design. In the event of any conflict between codes, local statutes
shall govern in order to comply with regulatory requirements.

Table 1: Codes and References

CODES REFERENCES NAMES

NSCP 2015 (NSCP, 2015) National Structural Code of the

Philippines 2015 (NSCP C101-
15), Volume 1 Buildings,
Towers, and Other Vertical
Structures,
Sixth Edition, Fourth Printing.
UBC 1997 (UBC 1997, Volume 2) 1997 Uniform Building Code.
Volume 2 – Structural
Engineering Design Provisions.
ACI-318M-11 (ACI-318M-11, Building Code Requirements for
2011) Structural Concrete by American
Concrete Institute (ACI 318M-
11).
ASCE/SEI-7-10 (ASCE/SEI-7-10, American Society of Civil
2010) Engineers (ASCE) 7 - 2005
Minimum
Design Loads for Buildings and
Other Structures.
AISC 89 AISC ASD 9th Ed. 1989 AISC Manual of Steel
Construction – Allowable Stress
Design
3. Design Loads

The types of loads considered in the structural design are described below:

3.1 Dead Loads

Dead loads will consist of the weight of the structure, all construction materials and equipment
of a permanent nature. For equipment, crane and other moving loads, equipment manufacturer
information will be used for wheel loads, equipment loads, and weight of moving parts.

The following dead loads are as follows:

Self-weight (Concrete) = 23.56 kN/m³

Self-weight (Steel) = 77.00 kN/m³

3.2 Live Loads

Live loads are loads acting on the structure that are not fixed in nature and movable. Live loads
will consist of uniform live loads and equipment live loads.

Equipment live loads are calculated loads based upon the actual weight and size of the
equipment and parts to be placed on floors during dismantling and maintenance, or to be
temporarily placed on or moved over floors during installation.

The following live loads are as follows:

Residential Basic Floor Area = 1.90 kN/m2

Stairs and Exit Ways = 1.90 kN/m2
Corridors, Exterior Balconies = 2.90 kN/m2
Roof Live Load = 0.60 kN/m2

3.3 Wind Loads

Wind loads are loads due to wind pressure.

Wind loads will be based on Section 207 of the National Structural Code of the Philippines -
2015. The structures for this project shall be designated as a Standard Occupancy (Occupancy
Category IV). All structures will be designed for a basic wind as shown:
 Figure 3. Basic Wind Speeds for Occupancy Category IV Buildings

The following wind parameters are as follows:

Basic Wind Speed = 250 kph

Exposure = C
Importance Factor = 1.00

Design wind pressures for various height zones above ground will be calculated in accordance
with combined height, exposure and pressure coefficients given in tables as prescribe in NSCP
2015.

3.4 Seismic Load

Seismic loads will be based from on Section 208 of the National Structural Code of the
Philippines - 2015. Structures will be designed in accordance with the NSCP Seismic Zones as
shown:
 Figure 4.Referenced Seismic Map of the Philippines

The structure shall be designated as a Standard Occupancy Structure. Seismic parameters to

be used shall depend on the distance of the project’s location to the nearest traced fault line.
The seismic parameters for the design to be used for this project are as follows:

Importance Factor = 1.00

Seismic Zone Factor = 0.40
Soil Profile Type = SC (Assumed)
Seismic Source Type =A
Distance to Known Seismic Source = 40.9 km
Response Modification Factor = 8.5

Na = 1.00 Ca = 0.40Na
Nv = 1.00 Cv = 0.56Nv
 Figure 5. Distance to Nearest Seismic Source

3.5 Load Combinations

The various loads will be applied to the structures in combination with factors as indicated in
ACI, UBC, and NSCP. Each of the loads will be calculated and the combination producing the
largest resultant forces and moments will be used in the design.

Types of Load

Dead Load D
Live Load L
Roof Live Lr
Earthquake Load E
Wind Load W

A : FACTORED LOAD COMBINATION B :SERVICE LOAD COMBINATION:

U=1.4D S=D + F
U=1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5Lr S=D + L
U=1.2D + 1.6Lr + 1.0L S=D + Lr
U=1.2D + 1.6Lr + 0.5W S=D + 0.75 (L + Lr)
U=1.2D + 1.0 W + 1.0 L S=D + W
U=1.2D + 1.0 W + 1.0 L + 0.5Lr S=D ± E/1.4
U=1.2D + 1.0L
U=1.2D + 1.0L ± 1.0 E
U=0.9 D ± 1.0W
U=0.9 D ± 1.0E

4. Soil Design Parameters

Lateral pressure, allowable bearing capacity, and other soil and rock design parameters will be
based on recommendation in the Soil Investigation Report submitted as provided.

In absence of a soil investigation report, a minimum of 100 kPa shall be used as allowable
bearing capacity. Foundations shall be embedded at least 1.5m below existing grade.
5. Material Specifications

The material properties that were used in the structural analysis are provided below:

Reinforced Concrete
General Structures, f’c = 20.7 MPa (4000 psi)

Steel Reinforcement
Bars φ16mm and larger fy = 276 MPa (Grade 40, 40 ksi)
Bars φ12mm and smaller fy = 233 MPa (Grade 33, 33 ksi)

Structural Steel
Wide Flange, Plates, Angles ASTM A36
Structural Pipes ASTM A53, Grade B

Structural Bolts
Bolted Connections ASTM 325
Anchor Bolts ASTM F1554 Grade 36

Structural Welding
Welded Connections E70XX

6. Design Methods

Reinforced concrete structures will be designed by the strength design method, in accordance
with the National Structural Code of the Philippines, ACI-318 Building Code Requirements for
Structural Concrete and ACI-350 Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete
Structures.

Structural steel trusses will be design by the allowable stress design method, in accordance
with the AISC Manual of Steel Construction, 9th Edition.

As required for structural analysis, 3D Finite Element Model (FEM) is used to simulate the
effects of loading on the structure under different conditions such as normal operation, extreme
weather, earthquake and combinations thereof.

The FEM model of the structure will be constructed by ETABS v9.4. The steel truss and rafter
will be modelled by STAAD v8i.