DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN AND RESIDENT

SUPERVISION FOR /IMPROVEMENT OF DISPOSAL STATION

MULTAN PHASE – 1
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DESIGN CRITERIA

1.0 GENERAL

The gykjgbk fjgj loads.

such as walls, built-insuch as walls, built-in
All structures and their zxcz wwqd& codes as described below.

2.0 DESIGN LOADSH

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2.1 DEAD LOADS

Dead loads are the vertical loads due fghfg tdfgdf

Dead loads also include the weight of all fixed services equipments, such as piping,
heating and air-condition ducts/equipments, elevators and the weight of all other fixed
equipments.

The dead loads on the structure will be computed from the unit weights of the materials.
Following unit weights will be used for computing dead loads, unless otherwise
specified.

Material Unit Weight (pcf)

Reinforced Concrete 150

Plain Concrete 144
Water 62.4
Brick Masonry 120

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2.2 SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOADS
Following loads are used for analysis

Temporary Partitions Load 20 psf

Roof Finishes 60 psf

2.3 LIVE LOADS

Live loads include loads due to intended use and occupancy of an area, personnel,
moveable equipments, lateral earth pressures, vehicle and impact loadings.

For the subject project, floor live loads as per occupancy and intended use requirements
are as given below.

Slabs 150 psf

Roof Slabs 30 psf

2.4 SEISMIC LOADS

Seismic loads will be computed according to UBC-1997. All structures and their
components shall be analyzed to determine their adequacy to withstand lateral forces
caused by seismic loads. Following seismic parameters as per UBC-97 have been
followed in the structural design of the building.

Z = 0.15
I = 1
R = 5.5H
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Soil Profile Type = SD

3.0 LOAD COMBINATIONS

The various load cases applied to structures in combination with the required strength
factors are indicated below. The load combination producing the maximum resultant
forces and moments shall be used in design. Followings are the load combinations used
for framed structure i.e. beams and columns.

1. U = 1.4 D
2. U = 1.2 D + 1.6 L
3. U = 1.2 D + 1.0 L + 1.0 E
4. U = 0.9 D + 1.0 E

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 Load combinations for sanitary engineering structures shall be in accordance with
recommendations of UBC and ACI.
Load combinations used for water retaining structures are mentioned below.

1. U = 1.4 D + 1.7 L
2. U = 1.05 D + 1.275 L +1.275 W
3. U = 1.05 D + 1.275 L +1.400 W
4. U = 1.4 D + 1.7 L + 1.7 H
5. U = 1.4 D + 1.7 L + 1.7 F
6. U = 1.05 D + 1.050 T +1.275 L
7. U = 0.9 D + 1.3 W
8. U = 0.9 D + 1.7 H
9. U = 0.9 D + 1.87 E
10. U = 0.9 D + 1.70 F
11. U = 0.9 D + 1.05 T

= 1.30 = ALL THE FACTORS TO BE MULTIPLIED WITH 1.3

Notations

D = Dead Load
L = Live Load
E = Earthquake Load
U = required ultimate strength for concrete structures to resist design loads or
their related internal moments and forces as defined in ACI 318-05.

4.0 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

4.1 REINFORCING STEEL

All reinforcing steel, to be used in reinforced concrete works shall be deformed, hot
rolled billet steel bars conforming to ASTM A-615 Grade 60 with specified yield strength
of not less than (fy) 60,000 Psi.

Bar spacing, splices and reinforcement covers shall conform to the ACI 318-05 Code
requirements.

4.2 CONCRETE

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 All reinforced concrete for water retaining structures shall have minimum compressive
cylinder strength of 28 N/mm2 (4000 psi) and 21 N/mm2 (3000 psi) for remaining
structural elements at 28 days unless otherwise indicated on drawings.

Adequate protection shall be given to concrete against direct exposure to earth and to
possible physical damage at locations like vehicle entrances by bitumen coating, corner
angles, bollards etc.

4.3 BRICK WORK

All brick work shall be laid in first class Brick Masonry. A good first class brick shall
be sound hard and well burnt with uniform size , shape and color, homogeneous in
texture and free from flaws and cracks. Minimum crushing strength of first class burnt
bricks shall be 14 N/mm2 (2000 psi).

Thickness of load bearing walls shall be kept so that the stresses due to sustaining loads
remains within prescribed limits and bond beams shall be provided where required by
design.

A smooth bearing for RCC slabs on the walls shall be provided with 6 mm cement plaster
(1:3), finished with a floating coat of neat cement and covered with Kraft paper. Under
beams, a thick bed plate of reinforced concrete, finished with a smooth surface as above
shall be provided.

5.0 ANALYSIS

The analysis for final design shall be carried out using computer software’s of analysis
and design as listed below.

ETABS - Extended. Three Dimensional Analysis of

Building System.
SAFE - Slab analysis by the finite element method

SAP - Integrated solution for Structural analysis program

5.1 DEFLECTION

The vertical deflections and lateral displacements of any structural component shall be
limited by the values set forth in ACI 318-05 and ACI 350-R Code.

6.0 DESIGN

All reinforcement concrete structure shall be designed by the ultimate strength method, as
defined in ACI 318-05 and as recommended by ACI committee 350 R. A minimum
factor of safety against sliding or overturning of 1.5 shall be used for all structures.

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7.0 CODES AND REFERENCES

The design, fabrication and erection shall in general conform to the latest editions of the
following codes which are to be applied with proper engineering judgment.

7.1 BCP-2007 “Building Code of Pakistan”

7.2 ACI-318-05 “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete”

7.3 ACI-350 R “Building Code Requirements for Environmental

Engineering Reinforced Concrete”

7.4 UBC – 97 “Uniform Building Code”

7.5 AWS "Structural Welding Code II AWS 1.1”

7.6 AISC “Manual of Steel Construction”

7.7 ASCE 7-98 “Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other
Structures"