STEPS IN DESIGN OF

RECTANGULAR BEAM
REINFORCED FOR
TENSION
1) Compute for the ultimate moment: 9) Try bar diameter: Db solve for number of bars N
Mu= 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL N= As
2) Compute the balance steel ratio: N=
ρb= 10) Check for actual ρ:
β= 0.85 for fc ≤ 30 Mpa ρ=
β=0.85- but not less than 0.65 ρmin< ρ < ρmax
3) Compute the ρmax= 0.75ρb ρmin=1.4/fy
4) Assume ρ= 0.50 ρmax ρmax=0.75 ρb
5) Compute the tension reinforcement index
11) Check for its moment capacity:
ω=ρ T= C
6) Compute for     bd2 : As fy=0.85 fc ab
Mu=φfc ω b d2 (1- 0.59ω) a=
   bd2= Mu=φAs fy (d- a/2)> actual Mu (safe)
7) Try the value of b roughly assuming b=d/2

8) Solve for As: (steel area)

AS=ρbd
A rectangular beam reinforced for tension only is to carry a dead load moment of 150 KN.m and a live
load moment of 140 KN.m Use fc= 20.7 MPa and fy= 414 Mpa .
1. Determine the dimension of the beam.
2. Determine the number of 25 mmφ bars that could be used.
3. Determine the actual moment capacity of the beam.
Solution:
1.Dimension of beam: Mu =ø fc bd² ω (1-0.59ω )
Mu= 1.4 MDL + 1.7 MLL bd² =
Mu= 1.4(150) + 1.7(140) db² = 165374677
Mu=448 KN.m b = d/2 ; d = 2b
ρb= b (2b)² = 165374677
ρb= b = 345.78 mm say 350 mm
ρb= 0.0214 Try 350 mm
ρmax= .75 ρb 350 d² = 165374677
ρ=1/2(0.75)pb d = 687.4 mm say 690 mm
P=1/2(0.75)(0.0214) Total depth = 690 + 12.5 + 10 + 40
P= 0.008025 = 752.5 say 755 mm
ω=ρ Total depth = 755mm
ω= = 0.1605 Use 350 mm x 755mm
2. No. of 25 mm φ bars: ρ min = 0.00338
As= ρ b d ρ max = 0.75 ρb
As= 0.008025(350)(690) ρ max = 0.75 (0.0214)
As= 1938 mm ² ρ max = 0.o1605
Using 25 mm φ bars ρ min < ρ < ρ max
(25) ² N= 1938 C=T
N= 3.95 0.85 (20.7) a (350) = (25) ² (4) (414)
Use N= 4 – 25 mm φ bars a= 132mm
3. Moment capacity of the beam used: Mu= φ As fy (d - )
ρ= Mu= 0.90 ( )(25) ² (4)(414)(690 - )
ρ= Mu= 456.5 x ⁶ N.mm
ρ = 0.00813
ρ min = Mu= 456.5 kN.m > 448 kN.m (safe)
ρ min =
STEP IN VERTICAL STIRRUP DESIGN
I . Calculate the factored shear force Vu at critical section
II. Calculate the shear strength provided by the concrete, Vc
Vc= 1/6 or Vc=( 1/7 ) bwd
if Vu > Vc stirrups are necessary , proceed to set III
if Vu < Vc but Vu> 1/2Φ Vcr proceed to step V
if Vu < 1/2Φ Vcr stirrup are not needed

III. Calculate the shear strength Vs to be provided by the stirrup.

1. Vn = Vu/Φ
2. Vs = Vn – Vc = Vu/Φ – Vc
if Vs≤ 2/3 bw d, proceed to step IV
if Vs> 2/3 bwd adjust the size of the beam
IV. Spacing of stirrups;
Spacing, s= Av= 2 x (10 ) ² = 157.1
Maximum spacing, s: a) when Vs≤ 1/3 bw d, Smax= d/2 or 600 mm
b) when VS> 1/3 bw d, Smax= d/4 or 300 mm

V. If Vu< ΦVc but Vu> ½ ΦVc.

Minimum area of stirrups, Av=bws/3fy
where s=d/2 or 600 mm ( whichever is smaller)
A simply supported reinforced concrete beam with a width b of 230 mm and an effective depth d of 500
mm has a span of 6 m. The beam carries a live load of 18 kN/m and a dead load of 9KN/m including its
own weight. Using 10mm diameter stirrups, determine the required spacing near the support. Assume
fy=345 Mpa and fc= 28 Mpa.
Solution:
Wu= 1.4DL + 1.7 LL φVc= 0.85(101.42)
Wu= 1.4(9) + 1.7(18) φVc=86.207 KN
Wu= 43. 20 KN/m Since Vu> φVc, web reinforcement is necesarry

Reaction: Vn= Vc+ Vs

R= WuL/2 = 43.20(6)/2 Vn= Vu/φ
R= 129. 6 KN Vn= 108/0.85
Vn= 127.06
Vu = R- Wud Vs= Vn- Vc
Vu= 129.6- 43.2(0.50) Vs= 127.06- 101.42
Vu= 108 Kn Vs= 25.64
Check if the beam size is adequate for the required shear:
Vc=1/6 bwd 2/3 bwd = 2/3 (230)(500)
Vc= 1/6 (230)(500) 2/3 bwd= 405680 N
Vc= 101,420 N 2/3 bwd= 405.68 KN >Vs=25.64 OK
Vc= 101.42 KN
Using Vertical U Stirrup:
S=
Av=2 x(10 ) ²
Av=157.1
S=
S=1,056 mm
Maximum stirrup spacing ( Code requirement 5.11.5.4)
1/3 bwd= 1/3 (230)(500)
1/3 bwd= 202,840 N
1/3 bwd= 202.48 KN
Since Vs<1/3 bwd,

Smax= d/2 = 500/2 = 250mm or

Smax= 600 mm
Therefore; use S= 250 mm