SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

NARCISO ST. 8400, SURIGAO CITY

CE 115 STRUCTURAL THEORY II

ESTIMATION OF WIND LOAD

IN A 3-STOREY STANDARD SCHOOL
BUILDING

SUBMITTED BY:

CABAJES, REYMART B.
LAGDAMEN, ALLYSON M.
VARGAS, ALEJANDRO

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. RICHARD A. BADIOLA, RMP, M.ENG’G, D.ENG’G(CAR)
Assistant Professor III
RISK CATEGORY OF BUILDING

Table 103-1. OCCUPANCY CATEGORY

The building is a residential, Therefore base from the table above. The Occupancy
Category of the building is CATEGORY IV.
BASIC WIND SPEED, V

290 kph
 Figure 207A.5-1C Basic Wind Speed for Occupancy Category IV and Other
Structures

The location of the building is located at the Borromeo St. Cor. Vasquez
St. Purok Rosas, Barangay Washington Surigao City. As the occupancy category of the
structure is categorized as IV, and based on the map above, the basic wind speed is;

V = 290km/h or 80.56m/s
 WIND LOAD PARAMETERS:

1. Wind directionality factor, Kd ;

Kd = 0.85
 Exposure category:

Base on the site location;

d1= 458 m

d1 > 450 m

Therefore the structure is categorized Exposure B.

2. Topographic effects:

Kzt=1.0
 3.Gust Effect Factor (G);
Frequency determination

Checking the limitations of approximate Natural Frequency

hm = 9.9m < 90m

10.
85

`
 L1= 10.85 m L2= 10.05 L3=3.8

L= (10.85 + 10.05/2= 10.45

Frame along column A:

= 7.125 m

4 = 28.5 m

Thus, hm < 4Leff

- Checking the approximate Frequency

For concrete moment – resisting frame;

na = 43.5/h0.9

na = 43.5/(9.90)0.9 = 5.53 Hz > 1 Hz

Therefore, the building is rigid.

Use;

G = 0.85

Enclosure classification

Accordingly, the code requires that a determination be made of the

amount of openings in the envelope to assess enclosure classification (enclosed,
partially, enclosed, or opening). “Openings” are specially defined in the version of the
code as “apertures or holes in the building envelope which allow air to flow through the
building envelope and which are designed as “open” during winds”. (NSCP 2015,
Section 207A.10)

If a building by definition complies with both the “open” and “partially

enclosed” definitions, it shall be classified as an “open” building. A building that does not
comply with either the “open” or “partially enclosed” definitions shall be classified as an
“enclosed” building. (NSCP 2015, 207A.10.4)

ELEVATIONS:
Total area of openings in a wall that receive positive external pressure - A o excluding in
the parapet wall surface.

Door 1: Area = 2.1 x 0.9 = 1.89 m2

Window 1: Area = 1.8 x 1.2 = 2.16 m2
Window 2: Area = 1.6 x 1.2 = 1.92 m2 x 3 = 5.76 m2
Window 3: Area = 0.6 x 1.9 = 1.14 m2 x 2 = 2.28 m2
Window 4: Area = 0.6 x 1.2 = 0.72 m2

Total Ao = 12.81 m2

Gross area of that wall in which Ao is identified - Ag

Ag = (5.7 x 6.6) + 2.7(2.9) = 45.45m2

Sum of areas of openings in the building envelope (walls and roof) not including A o in m2
– Aoi

Aoi = 3.4(1)+3.5(1.2)= 7.6 m2

Sum of the gross surface areas of the building envelope (walls and roof) not including
Ag - Agi

Agi = 6.6(10.85) +6.6(10.05) + 6.6(5.7) + 2.9(3.8)(2)+2.9(2.7) + 10.95(2.7)+10.05(3)=

265.145 m2

Agi = 265.145 m2

- Checking for enclosure classification

For building partially enclosed condition;

1. Ao > 1.01Aoi
Ao = 12.81 m2
Aoi = 7.6 m2

Since,

12.81 m2>1.01(7.6) (ok!)

2. Ao > 0.37 m2 or 0.01Ag

0.01Ag= 0.01(45.45) = 0.4545
0.37<0.4545
Ao > 0.37 m2
12.81 > 0.37 m2 (ok!)
 3. Aoi / Agi 0.20

Aoi = 7.6m2
Agi = 265.145 m2

7.6/265.145 = 0.029 0.20 (ok!)

Therefore, the building is classified as “Partially enclosed building”.

Since, conditions 1, 2 and 3 are all achieved, the building is a PARTIALLY

ENCLOSED BUILDING.

As from this table for enclosed buildings;

GCpi = ±0.18

Table 207A.11-1

1. Determine velocity pressure exposure coefficient, Kz , Kh.

hz = 9.90 m

for 4.5 m z zg;

for Exposure B: zg=365.76m; α=7.0

= = 0.72

hh = 9.9m
Velocity Pressure @ Windward walls:

From the parameters Kd =0.85, Kzt = 1, Kz =0.72, v = 80.56 m/s

@h=9.9m

= 0.613(0.72)(1)(0.85)

@h=6.6 m for 4.5 m z zg;

= = 0.64

= 0.613(0.64)(1)(0.85) 2164.20 pa

@h=3.3 m for z ;

= = 0.57

= 0.613(0.57)(1)(0.85) 1927.50 pa

Velocity Pressure @ Parapet walls:

@h=9.9m

= 0.613(0.72)(1)(0.85)

Velocity Pressure
Height above Exposure Velocity
Mean Ground Level, Coefficient Pressure
Hieght z (m) (Kz) qz, (Pa)
Parapet wall 9.9 0.72 2434.73
Roof Deck 9.9 0.72 2434.73
2nd Floor 6.6 0.64 2164.20
Ground
3.3 0.57
Floor 1927.50
External Pressure Coefficient, Cp

Along Longitudinal Axis as the Direction of the Wind (N/S)

Wind (N/S) B = 5.7

h (m) = 9.9m L = 10.45

L/B = 1.83

L (m) = 10.45 h/L =0.95

B (m) = 5.7 Ѳ (deg) = 0

Based from the tabulated values for wall and roof pressure coefficients from NSCP

Surfaces Cp
Windward wall 0.8
Leeward wall -0.32
Side wall -0.7
Flat Roof
-0.7 -0.18

Wind Pressure Computation

For MWFRS
GCpi = + 0.55
G = 0.85
 Along Flat Roof surface
  Roof Pressure pz (kPa)
h (m) Kz qz (Pa) with +Gcpi with -Gcpi
-2.78777 -0.109563
9.9 0.72
-0.966588 1.711615
2434.73
-2.48
6.6 0.64
2164.20

Computations:

@ z=9.9 m

G=0.85; Cp=-0.7;

For =+0.55

Pz= 2434.73((0.85)(-0.7)-0.55) = -2787.77 Pa = -2.78777 kPa

For = -0.55

Pz= 2434.73((0.85)(-0.7)+0.55) = -0.109563 kPa

Cp=-0.18;

For =+0.55

Pz= 2434.73((0.85)(0.18)-0.55) = -0.966588 kPa

For = -0.55

Pz= 2434.73((0.85)(0.18)+0.55) = 1.711615 kPa

@ z= 6.6 m

; G=0.85; Cp=-0.7;

For =+0.55

For = -0.55
 Cp=-0.18;

For =+0.55

For = -0.55

    Along Wall Surfaces    

      Windward wall pz (kPa) Leeward wall pz (kPa)

z (m) Kz qz (kPa) with +GCpi with -GCpi with +GCpi with -GCpi
0.72
9.9 2434.73
0.64 0.60165
6.6 2164.20
0.57 0.25058 2.370825 -1.58444 0.53585
3.3 1927.50
0.57 0.25058 2.370825 -1.58444 0.53585
0 1927.50

Sample Computations:

@ z=9.9 m

Windward wall:

; G=0.85; Cp=0.8;

For =+0.55

For = -0.55

Leeward wall:

; G=0.85; Cp=-0.32;

For =+0.55
For = -0.55

@ z=6.6 m

Windward wall:

; G=0.85; Cp=0.8;

For =+0.55

For = -0.55

Leeward wall:

; G=0.85; Cp=-0.32;

For =+0.55

For = -0.55

Along Parapet wall

  Pressure pz (kPa)
h (m) Kz qz (Pa) with +GCn with -GCn
3.652095 -2.43473
9.9 0.72
-3.652095 2.43473
2434.73
Computations:

p p=q p GC N

WINDWARD:

with +GCn=+1.5

p p=2434.73¿ 1.5)= 3.652095 kPa

with -GCn=-1.5
 p p=2434.73¿ 1.5)= -3.652095 kPa

LEEWARD:

with +GCn=-1.0

p p=2434.73¿ -1.0) = -2.43473 kPa

with -GCn=1.0

p p=2434.73¿ 1.0) = 2.43473 kPa

WIND LOAD IN ROOF TO BE TRANSFERRED TO FRAME 2

Tributary
z Area (m^2)
STRUCTURE
9.9 18.12
Frame 2
6.6 18.12

3.3 18.12

0 18.12

ROOF LOADS

ROOF LOADS 1 pz ROOF LOADS 2

Vz Roof loads1 (kN) Vz Roof loads 2 (kN)
(kPa) pz (kPa)

with with
with +Gcpi with -Gcpi with +Gcpi with -Gcpi with +Gcpi with -Gcpi
+Gcpi -Gcpi
-2.48 -0.0974 -1.52 0.859
-44.9376 -1.764888 -27.5424 15.56508
    Vz(KN) = -44.9376    
Vz (kN)= -27.5424 15.56508

WALL LOADS
 Tributary Area
Structure Width Height (m^2)
z (m) (m)

Frame 2 2.7 1.45 3.915

9.9

6.6 5.7 3.3 18.81

5.7
3.3 3.3 18.81

5.7
0 8.265
1.45

Along Frame 2

Base bending
Net along wind Tributary Net along wind loads
moment contribution
pressures pz (kPa) Area Fz (kN)
My,z (kNm)
with with
with +Gcpi with -Gcpi (sq.m) with +Gcpi with -Gcpi
-Gcpi +Gcpi
3.915
2.31787 2.31787 9.07446 9.07446 89.83715 89.83715
18.81
2.06032 2.06032 38.7546 38.7546 255.7804 255.7804
18.81
1.83502 1.83502 38.7546 38.7546 255.7804 255.7804
8.265
1.83502 1.83502 15.1644 15.1644 0 0
101.7480
    Vx(KN) = 101.74806    
6
My(KN.
601.3972 601.3972
m) =
B = 10.05
Wind (W/E)

L = 5.7

h (m) = 9.9m

L/B = 0.55

L (m) = 5.7 h/L =1.74

B (m) = 10.05 Ѳ (deg) = 0

Based from the tabulated values for wall and roof pressure coefficients from NSCP
 Surfaces Cp
Windward wall 0.8
Leeward wall -0.45
Side wall -0.7
Flat Roof
-0.7 -0.18

Wind Pressure Computation

For MWFRS
GCpi = + 0.55
G = 0.85

Along Flat Roof surface

  Roof Pressure pz (kPa)
h (m) Kz qz (Pa) with +Gcpi with -Gcpi
-2.78777 -0.109563
9.9 0.72
-0.966588 1.711615
2434.73
-2.48
6.6 0.64
2164.20

    Along Wall Surfaces    

      Windward wall pz (kPa) Leeward wall pz (kPa)

z (m) Kz qz (kPa) with +GCpi with -GCpi with +GCpi with -GCpi
0.72 -2.27039 0.40782
9.9 2434.73
0.64 -2.01812 0.36250
6.6 2164.20
0.57 0.25058 2.370825 -1.79739 0.32285
3.3 1927.50
0.57 0.25058 2.370825 -1.79739 0.32285
0 1927.50

Along Parapet wall

  Pressure pz (kPa)
h (m) Kz qz (Pa) with +GCn with -GCn
9.9 0.72 2434.73 3.652095 -2.43473
 -3.652095 2.43473

WIND LOAD IN ROOF TO BE TRANSFERRED TO FRAME D

Tributary
z Area (m^2)
STRUCTURE
9.9 9.1775
Frame D
6.6 9.1775

3.3 9.1775

0 9.1775

ROOF LOADS

ROOF LOADS 1 pz ROOF LOADS 2

Vz Roof loads1 (kN) Vz Roof loads 2 (kN)
(kPa) pz (kPa)

with with
with +Gcpi with -Gcpi with +Gcpi with -Gcpi with +Gcpi with -Gcpi
+Gcpi -Gcpi
-2.48 -0.0974 -1.52 0.859
-22.7602 -0.8939 -13.9498 7.8835
    Vz(KN) = -22.7602    
Vz (kN)= -13.9498 7.8835

WALL LOADS

Tributary Area
Structure Width Height (m^2)
z (m) (m)

Frame D 10.05 1.45 14.5725

9.9

6.6 10.05 3.3 33.165

3.3 10.05 3.3 33.165

10.05
0 14.5725
1.45
 Along Frame D

Base bending
Net along wind Tributary Net along wind loads
moment contribution
pressures pz (kPa) Area Fz (kN)
My,z (kNm)
with with
with +Gcpi with -Gcpi (sq.m) with +Gcpi with -Gcpi
-Gcpi +Gcpi
2.5869 2.5869 14.5725 37.6976 37.6976 373.206 373.206
2.2995 2.2995 33.165 76.2629 76.2629 503.335 503.335
2.04797 2.04797 33.165 67.9209 67.9209 224.139 224.139
2.04797 2.04797 14.5725 29.8440 29.8440 0 0

    Vx(KN) = 211.7254 211.7254    

My(KN.
1100.68 1100.68
m) =

WEST-EAST DIRECTION
NORTH-SOUTH DIRECTION
TRIBUTARY DETAILS