1.

Write somthing about the history of nursing informatics in the Philippines

The Philippine nursing community have longsought to keep up with increasing use ofinformation and
technology in the healthcaresystem. Nursing Informatics follows thefootsteps of biomedical informatics
which hasgained relative popularity earlier than its otherallied medical counterparts. Despite being inits
early stages of development thesubspecialty of nursing informatics on the Philippines have more than
decade of whichled to future programs and activities.

Philippines which includes theparticipation of the Philippine NursesAssociation (PNA) in the

development ofStandards for Health Information in thePhilippines(SHIP) in 1999, the formation ofthe
Master of Science in Health Informatics(MSHI) whichbegan in 2005 and the formation of thePhilippine
Nursing Informatics Association(PNIA) in 2010 as a sub-specialtyorganization of PNA for nursing
informatics.

The words "nursing informatics"were unfamiliar among the nursingcommunity until theyear 2008. There
were only a handful ofpeople with knowledge and experience innursing informatics but the
disciplinehave not yet found its recognition as asub-specialty of nursingarts and science in the country.
Theorigin of this budding discipline indirectlycame fromthe pioneers of health informatics in the
Philippine Medical Informatics Society(PMIS) and its founders had stronginfluence inthe development of
health informatics inthe Philippines. The PMIA was officiallyregisteredunder the Securities and
ExchangeCommission in 1996 by its boardcomposed of elevenphysician. The organization was headedby
Dr. Alvin Marcelo.

OriginsSince 1998, several faculty members ofthe University of the Philippines beganformal education
and training. Dr. HermanTolentino took a post-doctoral fellowship inmedical informatics at the
University oWashington. Dr. Alvin Marcelo followed ayear later for his training at the NationalLibrary of
Medicine. Dr. Cito Maramba wentto Coventry for his Masters in InformationSciences at the University of
Warwick. Theywere later followed by other physicians suchas Dr. Micheal Muin and Dr. Ryan Bañez.

By the year 2003, a Master of Science inHealth Informatics was proposed to be offeredby UP-Manila
College of Medicine (major inmedical informatics) and the College of Artsand Science (major in
bioinformatics) and waslater approved to be offered starting academicyear 2005-2006. In 1999, a study
group wasformed headed by the National Institute ofHealth of the University of the PhilippinesManila.

The document is referredto as the "Standards of Health Informationin the Philippines, 1999 version"
or"SHIP99".Representatives from various sectorscollaborated on this project including thePhilippine
Nurses Association (PNA) in theperson of Ms. Evelyn Protacio.

CHED as a CatalystThe nursing community was still yet to follow itsinternational counterparts in the
adoption of information,communication and technology in nursing practice in thePhilippines. Despite
the inclusion of Informatics coursein the undergraduate curriculum which focused on basicdesktop
applications, the need for genuine nursinginformatics course had not yet been realized. In 2008,Nursing
Informatics course in the undergraduatecurriculum was defined by the Commission on HigherEducation
(CHED) Memorandum Order 5 Series of2008. This was later revised and included as HealthInformatics
course in CHED Memorandum Order 14Series of 2009. This will be first implemented in thesummer of
2010.

OrganizationEarly in 2009, Mr. Kristian R. Sumabat and Ms.Mia Alcantara-Santiago, both nurses and
graduatestudents of Master of Science in Health Informaticsat the University of the Philippines, Manila
begandrafting plans to create a nursing informaticsorganization. In February 2010, they began
recruitingother nursing informatics specialists and practitionersto organize a group which later became
as thePhilippine Nursing Informatics Association.

2. Search on the importance of Information in nursing

Nurses need information to care for patients safely. They need to be able to access medical histories,
medication lists, lab and imaging results, and physician/interdisciplinary team notes to get a complete
picture of a patient's clinical status. They use this information to make decisions efficiently to improve
patient care outcomes.

Nurse informaticists, as well as other health care informaticists (pharmacists, physicians, etc.), play a
critical role in the continuous development and improvement of health care technology. Communication
is inarguably one of the most important aspects of patient safety. The contribution of nurse
informaticists in developing and improving technology such as electronic medical records and
computerized provider ordering has been crucial in reducing medical errors, patient care delays, and
health care costs.

Information systems are designed for nurses where documentation can be best utilized to expand their
knowledge of quality of care. The evolution of knowing has been exponential in the past forty years due
to the new ways of learning that have been discovered. Nursing in particular has benefitted from these
new concepts and continues to find newer and better methods to improve patient care. Nurses bring to
their practice a personal history that develops the way their nursing care is performed. Nursing theory,
standards of practice, legal and ethical obligations must be understood and utilized to enhance the
quality of nursing care.

The electronic patient record has become an important aspect in the information workflow, and using
information technology will result in improving patient outcome quality and efficiency. Patient
documentation is a vital skill in communicating the patient's condition and organizing their care
according to the patient's needs.

3. What are the structures of information

 Executive Support Systems (ESS)

This type of IS was designed to help senior management support the business and make strategic
decisions. It gathers, analyses and summarises the key internal and external information used in the
everyday business. It supports an inventory of all present information assets; projected revenue figures
based on new product sales expectations and reasonable sales figures between one week and the next.
For example, a CEO may require overall sales for the company, along with sales for every department
separately, and general economic data for the year.

 Management Information Systems (MIS)

MIS is mostly concerned with internal sources of information. These systems usually take data from the
transaction processing systems and summarise it into a series of management reports. MIS is an
information system that generates exact, timely and structured information so managers and other
users can make decisions, resolve problems, supervise activities, and track progress. For example,
complied data of call volume in a call centre with abandon % and call service levels for every hour, every
day and monthly summary.

 Decision Support Systems (DSS)

DSS is an information system intended to help users reach a decision when a decision-making situation
arises. This system comprises tools and techniques to help collect relevant information and analyse the
choices and alternatives. DSS usually involves use of complex spreadsheet and databases to create
models which will help determine difficult situations and its possible outcomes.

 Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)

KMS exist to help businesses create and share various information. These are typically used in industries
where employees create new knowledge and expertise – which can then be shared by other people in
the organisation to create additional commercial opportunities. Good examples include firms of lawyers,
training related businesses, accountants and management consultants.

 Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

TPS are designed to process repetitive transactions efficiently and accurately. A business will have many
(sometimes several) TPS; e.g.: billing systems to send invoices and statements to clients; systems which
calculate weekly or monthly payroll and tax payments; stock control systems to route all transactions
into, within and out of the business; production and purchasing systems to analyse and calculate all raw
material requirements.

 Office Automation Systems (OAS)

OAS are systems that try to improve the efficiency of employees who need to process data and
information. The best example is the wide range of software systems that exist to improve the
productivity of employees functioning in an office (e.g. Microsoft Office XP) or systems that allow
personnel to work from home or while on the move. Another good example would be salesforce system
which is a ticketing system used to process IT information in the office and on the go.
4. What is Health care Informatics?

Health informatics (also called Health Information Systems) uses information technology to organize and
analyze health records to improve healthcare outcomes. Health Informatics deals with the resources,
devices and methods to utilize acquisition, storage, retrieval, and use of information in health and
medicine. Tools include medical terminology, information and communication systems and computer
technology. Healthcare informatics provides electronic access to medical records for patients, doctors,
nurses, hospital administrators, insurance companies and heath information technicians. The Health
Informatics field is rapidly growing and there are many online and on-campus certificate and degree
programs in health informatics and health information management at both the undergraduate and
graduate levels.