SUBJECT/COURSE NAME:

BASIC INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION
CODE: 5403
LEVEL: BACLEORS (B. ED)
ASSIGNMENT NO:
PAGES: 26
 Assignment No. 1 (Unit 1-4)

Q. 1 (a) Define Information and Communication Technologies. Also

write down at-least ten practical applications of ICT in the fields of
education, sports, media and entertainment.
ANS:
Stands for "Information and Communication Technologies." ICT refers
to technologies that provide access to information through
telecommunications. It is similar to Information Technology (IT), but
focuses primarily on communication technologies. This includes the
Internet, wireless networks, cell phones, and other communication
mediums.
In the past few decades, information and communication technologies
have provided society with a vast array of new communication
capabilities. For example, people can communicate in real-time with
others in different countries using technologies such as instant
messaging, voice over IP (VoIP), and video-conferencing. Social
networking websites like Facebook allow users from all over the world
to remain in contact and communicate on a regular basis.
Modern information and communication technologies have created a
"global village," in which people can communicate with others across
the world as if they were living next door. For this reason, ICT is often
studied in the context of how modern communication technologies
affect society.
1. Use of Technology in Business
Today businesses can save money by using technology to perform
numerous tasks. When you compare the amount of money spent on
hiring an individual to perform a certain task and the training necessary
to be able to perform that function consistently, it is costly. When it
comes to technology, a small business can scale out and consistently
deliver more at high quality with less human resources, often equating
less cost.
Examples of Technology in Business
• Car manufacturing has increasingly utilized more robotics in the
creation of the car frame and its parts. This has resulted in greater
speed and builds quality.
• Many retail stores and empires no longer track inventory
manually. Through the use of Information systems, they are able
to accurately track current inventory and needed inventory.
Saving time and money. Additionally, some systems are able to
communicate with suppliers to let them know when to deliver
more goods, this result in always stocked shelves
2. Use of Technology in Communication
Unlike in the past when communication was limited to letter writing
and waiting for those postal services to deliver your message. Today
technology has made the field of communication easy. Now you can
draft a business message and email it or fax it in an instant. AIOU Studio
9 Technology has made business meetings so simple, with the
introduction of video conferencing; you no longer have to worry to be
late for a business meeting. Now with this video conferencing
technology, you can be in the meeting in a virtual form and engage with
your partners directly.
Examples of Technology in Communication
Video Conferencing
Allows for simple real-time communication between two parties.
Sites for Video Conferencing
• GoToMeeting
• Webex
• Skype
• WhatsApp
Emails
I don’t need to say much about this. We all have one and treasure this
form of communication technology. Many people cannot function
without the use of their emails. It is a critical form of communication
technology used by the simplest person to the President.
Email Providers
• Gmail
• Outlook
• Yahoo
3. Use of Technology in Human Relationships
As the world develops, people are getting more carried away with their
work and cares. Today a lot is demanded, so everyone is too busy and
have no time for finding a relationship. So, technology has also filled
this part. With technology, you can connect and meet new people while
at work using social network technology. You can also use technology
to find a new date without living your work. Nowadays people use
mobile phone apps to meet and connect with new and old friends.
Social networks like Facebook.com, Tagged.com have played a big role
in connecting both old and new relationships.
However, virtual relationships are not as strong as physical
relationships, so I advise you to take off time and meet these people
you network with virtually and get to know each other better. On the
other note, people who over participate in virtual relationships, end up
with no friends in real life, and they develop a disease called cyber-
sickness and loneliness.
Examples of Technology in Human Relationships
Virtual Dating Virtual dating has become a new and exciting experience
for those looking for love. Many providers, both websites and apps,
have promised by means of their proprietary algorithms they can find
you love. Thus, many millions have registered to be matched with their
“soul mate”.
Virtual Dating Sites and Apps
•Match.com: This website has connected thousands of people in the
world, even resulting in real marriages.
• Eharmony: This website assures clients that they look at partners for
long-term relations, users typically recommend Eharmony.
• Bumble: This app is popular among Android users.
4. Use of Technology in Education
Today, technology has made a very big change in the education world,
with the invention of technology gadgets and mobile apps it is easier
than ever for students to learn. Nowadays you can access a full library
of educational material via a mobile app or website on any smartphone
or iPad. Before inventing this technology, students had to go to physical
libraries to get the information they need.
Examples of Technology in Education
Apps for Education
•Coursera- Basically learn everything you want with this app. Browse
1000+ courses in a variety of subject areas, math, to music, medicine,
programming, computer science etc.
• Khan Academy- Like Coursera Khan Academy is well known. It has
over 10,000 videos and explanations at your fingertips in math, science,
finance, programming and a lot more
•Duolingo – (The best language-learning app” —The Wall Street
Journal) Learn English, Spanish, French, Danish, Swedish, Russian,
Ukrainian, etc. some of which you may never really use. But I always
say a next language is never a bad thing. Check it out its awesome.
5. Use of Technology in Purchasing
Technology has also made the buying and selling of goods and services
so flexible and a lot safer. With the introduction e-payment systems,
users can easily purchase anything online without leaving the comfort
of their homes, they no longer need to overly worry about sending
credit card information to a vendor.
Examples of Technology in Purchasing
EMV Smart Chips
Once upon a time, credit card owners feared losing their cards as the
thief merely needed to swipe and fake a signature to empty it. Now
Credit Cards with smart chip technology rather than sign a hard copy of
the receipt, the chip and pin system, instead require a PIN like an ATM.
If the PIN doesn’t match, your purchase doesn’t go through. Thus, this
system is more secure.
Online Payments Providers
•PayPal– The most widely used payment provider in the USA. This giant
of a provider has allowed for payment at thousands of popular
websites without the need to enter your credit card details. Keeping
your payment secure and safe. It simply requires an email and
password to pay.
• Google Wallet – Google’s Payment solution, like PayPal, Google
simply requires your Google account to pay, not as widely used as
PayPal however.
6. Use of Technology in Agriculture
Also, technology has changed the agricultural industry by replacing
human labor with machines that are operated or controlled by people
or other machines. In the agricultural industry, productivity is a key
factor. If production is high, the farmer will make more profits.
Technology has helped farmers replace the old ways of farming with
machines that can do the job in less time right from the day of planting
to the day of harvesting. Let’s take a simple example. An animal-drawn
plow replaced the digging stick. Then later, that plow was replaced by
the horse-drawn moldboard plow.
Currently, we have the large tractors that pull complex tilling machines.
But even these machines are being replaced by no-till or minimum-till
farming practices, which reduce the amount of work it takes to prepare
the soil for planting.
Examples of Technology in Agriculture
• Machinery
• Apps
• FamGraze
With the invention of Mobile App for farmers, they can use an App like”
FamGraze” to work faster and be more accurate while in the field and
off the field. For example, “FamGraze” app will help a farmer manage
their grass more effectively by suggesting the cheapest feed for their
livestock. This app will calculate the amount of grass your animals have
in the field. You will need no paper or any spreadsheets to do all this.
Saving you more time while in the field.
7. Use of Technology in Banking
The use of technology in banking is the backbone of society today.
Most banks now offer online banking facilities. Millions make use of this
service daily to manage their finances. Most businesses also use this
feature to pay employees and transfer money. Many individuals and
companies are reliant on this option to function. Additionally, security
has significantly benefited as these banking systems do their best to
ensure there are firewalls and limits in place to reject any curious
hacker.
Examples of Technology in Banking
E-Banking Providers
This list is endless. The best suggestion is to check your nearest banking
provider I am almost positive they have online banking.
ATMS
These lifesavers allow for the quick convenient withdrawal of our
money. No need to enter a back or call ahead. Quick and easy. only
requires a simple pin to access.
Banking APPS
Banks like Chase, Wells Fargo, RBC and PNC all have mobile apps to
access your banking and investment details easily, wherever and
whenever you are on the go.
8. Use of Technology in Transportation
Transportation is one of the basic areas of technological activity. Both
businesses and individuals have benefited from the new technologies in
the travel industry. Time is money, so we must have a fast and efficient
mode of transport. Try to imagine life without a well-developed
transportation system. Transportation is the food, clothing, and shelter
of society. It has become a basic need of every society. It assists with
the essential transfer of necessary services and goods for all industries,
some of which is required for a populations existence. However,
transportation technology has changed dramatically since 1800 to
recent years. Let’s take a good example in the picture below.
Examples of Technology in Transportation
Trains
Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
There has been an extreme rise if electric and hybrid vehicles. They
promise greater gas mileage, an environmentally responsible and all-
around less expensive vehicle.
Tesla Motors– Tesla Motors is the big boy of the fully electric car world.
They have showrooms all around the world and a very faithful
following.
Toyota Prius – The biggest contender in the hybrid industry. It has been
faithfully performing and surpassing expectations since 1997. It’s never
the best looking but it makes up in performance and saving.

(b) Describe the term computer. Also describe different types as well
as applications of the computer.
ANS:
COMPUTER:
A computer is an electronic machine, operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data, manipulate
the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the
results for future use. Computers process data to create information.
Data is a collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols.
Information is data that is organized, meaningful, and useful. To
process data into information, a computer uses hardware and software.
Hardware is the electric, electronic, and mechanical equipment that
makes up a computer.
Software is the series of instructions that tells the hardware how to
perform tasks. Technically, a computer is a programmable machine.
This means it can execute a programmed list of instructions and
respond to new instructions that it is given. Today, however, the term is
most often used to refer to the desktop and laptop computers that
most people use. When referring to a desktop model, the term
“computer” technically only refers to the computer itself —not the
monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Still, it is acceptable to refer to
everything together as the computer. If you want to be really technical,
the box that holds the computer is called the “system unit.” Some of
the major parts of a personal computer (or PC) include the
motherboard, CPU, memory (or RAM), hard drive, and video card.
While personal computers are by far the most common type of
computers today, there are several other types of computers. For
example, a “minicomputer” is a powerful computer that can support
many users at once. A “mainframe” is a large, high-powered computer
that can perform billions of calculations from multiple sources at one
time. Finally, a “supercomputer” is a machine that can process billions
of instructions a second and is used to calculate extremely complex
calculations.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF THE COMPUTER:
The main types of computer are supercomputers, mainframes, personal
computers, laptops, net books, tablets and smart phones. Each has
different purposes and capabilities. Supercomputers have huge data
storage capacities and unrivaled processing power. They are used by
large organizations that require immense computing power. These
computers are exceptionally expensive and very delicate. Housed in
clean rooms, supercomputers must be kept free of dust and debris, and
have to be constantly cooled because of the heat they generate.
Mainframe computers have considerably less power and capacity than
supercomputers, but significantly more than personal computers. They
are capable of processing billions of instructions per second and handle
vast quantities of data simultaneously. Personal computers are
common in homes and offices throughout the world. Modern models
have large storage capacities and run multiple applications
simultaneously. Modern laptops feature similar specification to desktop
computers, with the added bonus of being portable.
However, laptops can feel heavy and battery life can be an issue if
needing to work for long periods without being able to recharge.
Netbooks are smaller and lighter than laptops, but have considerably
less storage capacity and power. However, their small size and minimal
weight makes them attractive for browsing the web, checking emails
and creating documents when not in the office. Tablets and smart
phones are similar in nature and operate on a touch screen basis. They
are user-friendly, lightweight and very convenient, being popular with
people of all ages and backgrounds.
Applications of the computer
Most of the beginners are confused about types of Computer
applications and It is not easy to divide computer applications into any
exact categories. At present there is no clear definition available to
categorize computer applications. Even though here is a small list of
different types of computer applications.
1. Embedded Systems
2. Windows applications (also called ‘Desktop applications’)
3. Web Applications
4. Web Services
5. Console applications

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:
When we save a name, address and other information in to our Mobile
Phone or Digital Diary, You know how it gets saved in it? Nothing but
which is a small computer program ‘Embedded’ into a chip in the
device inside the mobile phone or digital diary known as Embedded
Systems.
WINDOWS APPLICATIONS:
Windows Applications is a form based standard Windows, Microsoft
word; Paint is example to the Windows application,
and also called ‘Desktop applications.
WEB APPLICATIONS:
A web site is also called ‘web Applications’. A web application is a
collection of web pages hosted on a special computer called ‘web
server’. Web server can be located anywhere and visitors can be
located anywhere it will work through Browsers (EG. Internet Explorer,
Mozilla, Netscape).
WEB SERVICES:
Web services are web applications that give services to other
applications through the internet, example Google search engine,
Yahoo Search engine etc. which allows other applications to delegate
the task of searching over the internet.
CONSOLE APPLICATIONS:
Console applications runs inside the command prompt i.e. DOS
window, it is a light weight program and which is used commonly for
test applications.
Q. 2 Write down the importance of Motherboard in computer. Why
we call him motherboard? Also explain the types of memory with
examples.
ANS:
The Importance of a Motherboard in a Computer
A motherboard, also known as the "main board," is the central circuit
hub that allows connection between all components and peripherals
attached to the computer. It also allows all the components such as
CPU, graphics card, hard drive and the memory to receive power from
the attached power supply.
Motherboard Form Factors
The shape and layout of the motherboard is called its form factor. The
form factor acts as a standard for defining the motherboard. It
determines the power supply, the type of case and the place where
individual components will fit. The most popular motherboard form
factor in domestic and industrial computers is ATX as it reduces the size
of the motherboard greatly.
Components of the Motherboard
The motherboard contains a few integrated components situated on
board such as the chipset, the CMOS, the BIOS and the system bus. The
motherboard also contains numerous sockets and ports including
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Accelerated Graphics Port
(AGP), Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), Universal Serial Bus (USB) and
the memory or RAM slots.
Functions of the Motherboard
A motherboard controls the flow of external data through the ports
such as the USB and the IDE and guides the data to the hard drives. The
main function of the motherboard is to hold the microprocessor chip
e.g. Intel Pentium 4, Intel Celeron and AMD Athlon. Also, almost all the
components that help in the function of the computer are either parts
of the motherboard or are plugged into it.
Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM)
Memory is the most essential element of a computing system because
without its computer can’t perform simple tasks. Computer memory is
of two basic type – Primary memory (RAM and ROM) and Secondary
memory (hard drive, CD, etc.). Random Access Memory (RAM) is
primary-volatile memory and Read Only Memory (ROM) is primary-
non-volatile memory.
TYPES O MEMORY
• RAM
1. SRAM
2. DRAM
• ROM
1. PROM
2. EPROM
3. EEPROM
1. Random Access Memory (RAM) –
•It is also called as read write memory or the main memory or the
primary memory.
•The programs and data that the CPU requires during execution of a
program are stored in this memory.
• It is a volatile memory as the data loses when the power is turned off.
•RAM is further classified into two types- SRAM (Static Random-Access
Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random-Access Memory).
 2. Read Only Memory (ROM) –
•Stores crucial information essential to operate the system, like the
program essential to boot the computer.
• It is not volatile.
• Always retains its data.
•Used in embedded systems or where the programming needs no
change. • Used in calculators and peripheral devices.
•ROM is further classified into 4 types- ROM, PROM, EPROM, and
EEPROM.
Types of Read Only Memory (ROM) –
1. PROM (Programmable read-only memory) – It can be programmed
by user. Once programmed, the data and instructions in it cannot be
changed.
2. EPROM (Erasable Programmable read only memory) – It can be
reprogrammed. To erase data from it, expose it to ultra violet light. To
reprogram it, erase all the previous data.
3. EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read only memory) –
The data can be erased by applying electric field, no need of ultra violet
light. We can erase only portions of the chip.

Q. 3 What do you mean by point and draw devices? Enlist and

describe them briefly with the help of diagrams.
ANS:
A pointing device is an input interface that allows a user to input spatial
(i.e., continuous and multidimensional) data to a computer. CAD
systems and graphical user interfaces (GUI) allow the user to control
and provide data to the computer using physical gestures by moving a
hand-held mouse or similar device across the surface of the physical
desktop and activating switches on the mouse. Movements of the
pointing device are echoed on the screen by movements of the pointer
(or cursor) and other visual changes. Common gestures are point and
click and drag and drop.
Mouse: A mouse moves the graphical pointer by being slid across a
smooth surface. The conventional roller-ball mouse uses a ball to
create this action: the ball is in contact with two small shafts that are
set at right angles to each other. As the ball moves these shafts rotate,
and the rotation is measured by sensors within the mouse. The distance
and direction information from the sensors is then transmitted to the
computer, and the computer moves the graphical pointer on the screen
by following the movements of the mouse.
Optical Mouse: Another common mouse is the optical mouse. This
device is very similar to the conventional mouse but uses visible or
infrared light instead of a roller ball to detect the changes in position.
Mini-mouse: A mini-mouse is a small egg-sized mouse for use with
laptop computers; usually small enough for use on a free area of the
laptop body itself, it is typically optical, includes a retractable cord and
uses a USB port to save battery life.
Trackball: A trackball is a pointing device consisting of a ball held by a
socket containing sensors to detect a rotation of the ball about two
axes—like an upside-down mouse with an exposed protruding ball. The
user rolls the ball with the thumb, fingers, or the palm of the hand to
move a pointer. Compared with a mouse, a trackball has no limits on
effective travel; at times, a mouse can reach an edge of its working area
while the operator still wishes to move the screen pointer farther. With
a trackball, the operator just continues rolling, whereas a mouse would
have to be lifted and re-positioned.
Joystick: A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on
a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. A
joystick, also known as the control column, Joysticks are often used to
control video games, and usually have one or more push-buttons
whose state can also be read by the computer. A popular variation of
the joystick used on modern video game consoles is the analog stick.
Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks,
underwater unmanned vehicles, wheelchairs, surveillance cameras, and
zero turning radius lawn mowers.
Analog Stick: An analog stick, sometimes called a control stick, joy stick
or thumb stick, is an input device for a controller (often a game
controller) that is used for three-dimensional input. An analog stick is a
variation of a joystick, consisting of a protrusion from the controller;
input is based on the position of this protrusion in relation to the
default "center" position. While digital sticks rely on single electrical
connections for movement (using internal digital electrical contacts for
up, down, left and right), analog sticks use continuous electrical activity
running through potentiometers. The analog stick has greatly overtaken
the D-pad in both prominence and usage in console video games.
Pointing Stick: A pointing stick is an isometric joystick used as a
pointing device, as with a touchpad or trackball, and typically mounted
in a computer keyboard. Movements of the pointing stick are echoed
on the screen by movements of the pointer (or cursor) and other visual
changes.
The pointing stick operates by sensing applied force, by using a pair of
resistive strain gauges. A pointing stick can be used by pushing with the
fingers in the general direction the user wants the cursor to move. The
velocity of the pointer depends on the applied force so increasing
pressure causes faster movement.
Stylus: A stylus is a small pen-shaped instrument that is used to input
commands to a computer screen, mobile device or graphics tablet.
AIOU Studio 9 The stylus is the primary input device for personal digital
assistants and smartphones that require accurate input, although
devices featuring multi-touch finger-input with capacitive touchscreens
are becoming more popular than stylus-driven devices in the
smartphone market.
Touch pad: A touchpad or trackpad is a flat surface that can detect
finger contact. It is a stationary pointing device, commonly used on
laptop computers. At least one physical button normally comes with
the touchpad, but the user can also generate a mouse click by tapping
on the pad. Advanced features include pressure sensitivity and special
gestures such as scrolling by moving one's finger along an edge.
Light pen: A light pen is a device similar to a touch screen, but uses a
special light-sensitive pen instead of the finger, which allows for more
accurate screen input. As the tip of the light pen makes contact with
the screen, it sends a signal back to the computer containing the
coordinates of the pixels at that point. It can be used to draw on the
computer screen or make menu selections, and does not require a
special touch screen because it can work with any CRT display.
Touch Screen: A touchscreen is a device embedded into the screen of
the TV monitor, or system LCD monitor screens of laptop computers.
Users interact with the device by physically pressing items shown on
the screen, either with their fingers or some helping tool. A
touchscreen is a device embedded into the screen of the TV monitor, or
system LCD monitor screens of laptop computers. Users interact with
the device by physically pressing items shown on the screen, either
with their fingers or some helping tool.

Q. 4 (a) Enlist Input and Output devices. Define each and differentiate
them.
ANS:
An input device sends information to a computer system for processing,
and an output device reproduces or displays the results of that
processing. Input devices only allow for input of data to a computer and
output devices only receive the output of data from another device.
Most devices are only input devices or output devices, as they can only
accept data input from a user or output data generated by a computer.
However, some devices can accept input and display output, and they
are referred to as I/O devices (input/output devices). For example, as
you can see in the top half of the image to the right, a keyboard sends
electrical signals, which are received by the computer as input. Those
signals are then interpreted by the computer and displayed, or output,
on the monitor as text or images. In the lower half of the image, the
computer sends, or outputs, data to a printer, which will print the data
onto a piece of paper, also considered output.
Input devices
An input device can send data to another device, but it cannot receive
data from another device. Examples of input devices include the
following.
Keyboard and Mouse - Accepts input from a user and sends that data
(input) to the computer. They cannot accept or reproduce information
(output) from the computer.
Microphone - Receives sound generated by an input source, and sends
that sound to a computer.
Webcam - Receives images generated by whatever it is pointed at
(input) and sends those images to a computer.
Output devices
An output device can receive data from another device and generate
output with that data, but it cannot send data to another device.
Examples of output devices include the following.
Monitor - Receives data from a computer (output) and displays that
information as text and images for users to view. It cannot accept data
from a user and send that data to another device.
Projector - Receives data from a computer (output) and displays, or
projects, that information as text and images onto a surface, like a wall
or a screen. It cannot accept data from a user and send that data to
another device.
Speakers - Receives sound data from a computer and plays the sounds
for users to hear. It cannot accept sound generated by users and send
that sound to another device.
Input/output devices
An input/output device can receive data from users, or another device
(input), and send data to another device (output). Examples of
input/output devices include the following.
CD-RW drive and DVD-RW drive - Receives data from a computer
(input), to copy onto a writable CD or DVD. Also, the drive sends data
contained on a CD or DVD (output) to a computer.
USB flash drive - Receives, or saves, data from a computer (input). Also,
the drive sends data to a computer or another device (output).
(b) Elaborate the role of Central Processing Unit in working of
Computer.
ANS:
The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is a piece of hardware
that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It performs the
basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of a computer
system. The CPU is like the brains of the computer - every instruction,
no matter how simple, has to go through the CPU. So, let's say you
press the letter 'k' on your keyboard and it appears on the screen - the
CPU of your computer is what makes this possible. The CPU is
sometimes also referred to as the central processor unit, or processor
for short. So, when you are looking at the specifications of a computer
at your local electronics store, it typically refers to the CPU as the
processor.
When we start to look at the various components of a CPU and how
they function, remember that this is all about speed. When we use a
computer, we want the instructions to be carried out very fast. As the
instructions become more complicated (for example, creating a 3D
animation or editing a video file), we demand more from the CPU.
Thus, the technological advances we have seen in processor technology
have largely been driven by the need for speed.
Components
A typical CPU has a number of components. The first is the arithmetic
logic unit (ALU), which performs simple arithmetic and logical
operations. Second is the control unit (CU), which manages the various
components of the computer. It reads and interprets instructions from
memory and transforms them into a series of signals to activate other
parts of the computer. The control unit calls upon the arithmetic logic
unit to perform the necessary calculations.
Third is the cache, which serves as high-speed memory where
instructions can be copied to and retrieved. Early CPUs consisted of
many separate components, but since the 1970s, they have been
constructed as a single integrated unit called a microprocessor. As such,
a CPU is a specific type of microprocessor. The individual components
of a CPU have become so integrated that you can't even recognize
them from the outside. This CPU is about two inches by two inches in
size.
CPUs are located on the motherboard. Motherboards have a socket for
this, which is specific for a certain type of processor. A CPU gets very
hot and therefore needs its own cooling system in the form of a heat
sink and/or fan.
The ALU is where the calculations occur, but how do these calculations
actually get carried out? To a computer, the world consists of zeros and
ones. Inside a processor, we can store zeros and ones using transistors.
These are microscopic switches that control the flow of electricity
depending on whether the switch is on or off. So, the transistor
contains binary information: a one if a current pass through and a zero
if a current does not pass through.
Transistors are located on a very thin slice of silicon. A single silicon chip
can contain thousands of transistors. A single CPU contains a large
number of chips. Combined, these only cover about a square inch or so.
Q. 5 What is software? Explain any ten-application software. Also
differentiate application software and system software.
ANS:
Software, in its most general sense, is a set of instructions or programs
instructing a computer to do specific tasks. Software is a generic term
used to describe computer programs.
Scripts, applications, programs and a set of instructions are all terms
often used to describe software.
Ten application software
1. MS Word
Microsoft Word is a word-processing software that was created in
1983. This application software can be installed on computers, tablets
or cell phones that support it. Its features allow you to set margins,
create tabs and insert page breaks for your documents. There have
been many updates to the original software. These include Microsoft
Office 2019 and Office 365.
2. MS Access
MS Access is a database management software. There are seven
functions this application is capable of performing. These include the
creation of:
• Tables
• Relationships
• Queries
• Forms
• Reports
• Macros
• Modules
With the use of MS Access, you can manage, run and enter larger
reports. You also have the ability to create PDF files.
3. MS Excel
MS Excel is a spreadsheet software program. It has an enhanced
intelligence design. This means it will learn your patterns and organize
your data for you. You have the freedom to create your own forms and
perform calculations as needed. This application software also gives
you the ability to share your files with others. This capability makes MS
Excel ideal whether working alone or as a team.
4. Firefox
Firefox is a web browser designed to keep your information protected.
Thanks to its pop-up blockers and integrated browser features, you can
use this software for all size projects. When using this type of browser,
you can set privacy and security measures to keep your documents and
transmissions safe.
5. Safari
Safari is a web browser that was designed by Apple. This program can
be used with most iOS devices including the different models of iPads
and iPhones. Built-in privacy barriers allow you to keep your
information hidden from other devices in your area. You can control
your settings and make adjustments as needed.
6. Chrome
Chrome is a web browser that can be used with a wide range of
operating systems. The platform’s built-in tools give you the ability to
perform tasks quickly. Chrome offers the ability to support other
applications as well.
7. AutoCAD
AutoCAD allows you to use your computer to create and draft different
designs. This software was first created in 1989 for use with
microcomputers that contained internal graphics controllers. Today,
you will find different types of AutoCAD software programs that work
with Windows, Mac, iOS and Android operating systems.
8. Microsoft PowerPoint
Microsoft PowerPoint is an application software program that gives you
the ability to make custom presentations. The built-in tools allow you
to view, create and share information. This program can be used on any
Microsoft product, including iPhones, computers and tablets.
9. WordPad
WordPad is a simple word-processing application software. You will
find this program on most Microsoft products. It allows you to type in
your information and arrange it as needed. The end result is a
document that flows well with basic information you are trying to
convey. WordPad works well when creating longer emails and
correspondences you want to send.
10. Apple Numbers
Apple Numbers is a spreadsheet application software program. This
program is used with Apple platform products including iPads and
iPhones. You have the ability to create charts and diagrams to
correspond to the information you put into the Apple Numbers
spreadsheet. This allows for a clearer understanding of the data.