))Determination of solids in water

: Solids in wastewater
Considerable information can be gained on a
wastewater sample by determining its various
solid contents .various types of solids in
wastewater samples can be determined
.gravimetrically

: The purpose of the experiment

To determine the amount of total solids (TS)
.in the given wastewater samples
Device
 :Procedure
dry a crucible in an oven at 104 c for one -1
. hour
cool the crucible in a desiccators and -2
weight on an analytrical balance to the
.nearest 0.1 mg (X)
pour a suitable volume of sample into -3
the crucible and evaporate the contents to
dryness on a steam bath
transfer to an oven at 104 c and dry to -4
aconstant weight (about 30 minuts)
cool the crucible in a desiccators and -5
weight on an analytical balance to the
.nearest 0.1 mg(y)
:calculate TS as-6
(y− x0001
)×
¿
emulov elpmas
fo lm
( ) Total solids (ts) (mg/l)
 :Results and Calculation
: Sample volume
Sample weight (g)
)(S1 )(S2
X

X-Y

Total
solid(mg/l)

(y− x )×
00000
01
¿
emulov elpmas
fo lm
( ) Total solids (ts) (mg/l)
:Question to discuss
?what is total solids-1

?compare between result-2

Total solids (somtimes called total residue) is related to turbidity, except that
it includes not just suspended solids, but also dissolved solids such as the
mineral ions calcium, phosphorus, iron, sulfur and bicarnonate. A certain
level of these ions is essential for life. Cells also depend on the density of
total solids to determine the amount of water that flows in and out of the
cell.

However, too much dissolved solids in water can affect humans by inducing
a laxative effect and giving the water a mineral taste. Increased total solids
has a similar effect to turbidity in that water clarity is reduced, water
temperature can rise, oxygen levels can fall as a result of less
photosynthesis, and solids can bind to toixc compounds and heavy metals.