EE-847 Microwave Networks & Passive Components

Impedance Matching
Spring 2020

Wahab Mohyuddin, Ph.D., Engr.

RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETER-WAVE STUDIES (RIMMS)

Impedance Matching and Tuning

rce Matching

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So Ckt.

Lo
Z in ZL
Impedance matching is used to: We have Z L  RL  jX L
 Maximize power from source to load We want Zin  Rin  jX in
 Minimize reflections
 Set terminating condition  Two constraints
Considerations: Matching circuit typically requires at
least 2 degrees of freedom.
• Complexity • Implementation
• Bandwidth • Adjustability
© Dr. Wahab Mohyuddin EE-847 Microwave Networks & Passive Components RIMMS-
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Impedance Matching and Tuning

● Various kind of matching network exist

○ L-Networks
○ Single Stub Tuning
○ Double Stub Tuning
○ Quarter Wavelength Transformers
○ Multi-section transformers

● Selection of matching network depends on

○ Complexity
○ Bandwidth
○ Implementation
○ Adjustability

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Impedance Matching

Transmission line circuit for mismatched load and generator

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Impedance Matching

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L-Network Impedance Matching
Probably the simplest type of matching network is the L-section, which
uses two reactive elements to match an arbitrary load impedance to a
transmission line.

Limitations:
 If the frequency is low enough and/or the circuit size is small enough,

actual lumped-element capacitors and inductors can be used

 This may be feasible for frequencies up to about 1 GHz or so, although

modern microwave integrated circuits may be small enough such that

lumped elements can be used at higher frequencies as well
 There is, however, a large range of frequencies and circuit sizes where

lumped elements may not be realizable.

© Dr. Wahab Mohyuddin EE-847 Microwave Networks & Passive Components RIMMS-
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L-Network Impedance Matching

Two possible configurations

The reactive elements may be either inductors or capacitors, depending on the load impedance

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L-Network Impedance Matching (Step 1)
Example 1

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L-Network Impedance Matching (Step 2)
Example 1 (Cont.)

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L-Network Impedance Matching (Step 3)
Example 1 (Cont.)

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L-Network Impedance Matching
Example 1 (Cont.)

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L-Network Impedance Matching

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L-Network Impedance Matching
Example 2

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L-Network Impedance Matching
Example 2

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L-Network Impedance Matching

Example 2

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PCB Layout

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