ASSIGNMENT 2

ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE AND BUILDING DESIGN

SBEA 2713 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY

DR. DORRIS TOE HOI CHYEE

NAME : AHMAD FIKRI BIN MOHAMAD NAZERI

MATRIC NO : B16BE0002
NAME : ALIEF IQMAL BIN ABDUL RAHIM
MATRIC NO : A17BE0009
NAME : CHOW ZHEN NAM
MATRIC NO : A16KM0072
NAME : ZULKIFLI
MATRIC NO : A17BE0177
SESSION : 2017/2018

LECTURER : DR. DORIS TOE HOOI CHYEE

1. INTRODUCTION
This assignment is to study and to conduct some research based on the indoor and outdoor
environment of a specific building selected in UTM . In the 21st century technologies have brought
rapid changes in modern urban space. Glazed facades have transformed cultural historic urban
landscapes in architectural, energy efficiency and social communication aspects. As glazed facades
help to dissolve barriers between indoor and outdoor space, direct communication between the two
forms. This evidence shows the importance for us to understand the difference ambience created by
the design of the building.

2. ABSTRACT

The nature and its importance in modern human lives have become even more significant
and affect all areas of life including environmental art. The present research addresses the
development of school architecture in 20th -21st centuries and confirms the general social and,
accordingly, architectural trend toward openness and harmony with nature. Abundant use of curved
and multifaceted glazed surfaces on vertical and horizontal planes of exterior building walls makes
integration of indoor and outdoor space very visible. When analysing environmental harmony in
school interiors one may see that a most essential condition for indoor-outdoor harmony is a presence
of a landscaped greenbelt. In order to take practical steps on the way to harmonious environments in
school buildings and other objects, according to their function, as well as in towns and cities in
general, long-term urban greening development and preservation plans should be as detailed as
possible and their implementation should be established in the law. This would help in reaching better
results in harmonious environment development.

3. METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

MINI ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY DEVICE

All the environmental data that we collected during the experimentation is by using an specific
equipment as shown above. which is the mini environmental quality device. Before construction the
experiment, a discussion was carried out by the lab assistant, Puan Halimah on how to use and
operate the device before the data is collected.

The data collection is collected within 3 day which is on 10 November 2018 until 12
November 2018. 4 specific time were chosen for the data collection which is 10.30 AM, 12.30 PM,
2.30 PM, 4.30 PM. The data collection is carried out inside of Pusta Kerjaya UTM. Three reading of
the data is recorded for every measurement and then the average is calculated for the accuracy of the
data. the data is then tabulated and plotted into graph before it is analysed.
4. SITE CONDITION
This assignment is required to be conducted in UTM, Skudai, Johor Bahru. The site that is
selected by our group is Pusat Kerjaya UTM which next to Fakulti Alam Bina Staff Parking. The Pusat
Kerjaya UTM is selected because it is an one storey building and it is on its own. The data collection
of our site is recorded by taking the measurements for 3 days with different hours interval for every 2
hours until 4 times. The specific time for the data collection was on 10.30 AM , 12.30 PM, 2.30 PM,
4.30 PM.

The region of Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia has an equational climate with consistent
temperatures, a considerable amount of rain and high humidity throughout the course of the year.
Temperature range is about from 25.5C to 27.8C with an annual rainfall of around 2000 millimeter,
mostly falling from November until February.

5. ANALYSIS
 a. DAY 1 10/11/18

TIME LIGHT (lux) RH(%) TEMPERATURE(C) WIND(m/s) WEATHER

10.30 AM 168 80.7 27.6 0.05 GOOD

12.30 PM 179 68 30.9 0.01 GOOD

2.30 PM 142 70.3 30.4 0.02 GOOD

4.30 PM 165 75.4 25.5 0.07 CLOUDY

i. LIGHT (lux)

based on spline graph, showed lux readings of light in Pusat Kerjaya UTM on day 1, 10/11/2018
between 10.30 PM and 4.30 PM. The initial lux at 10.30 am is recorded at 168 lux and increase
slightly yb 11 lux in 12.30 pm before reaching the lowest reading at 2.20 pm with 142 lux. The
relatively low lux reading is due to the position and location where Pusat Kerjaya UTM is secluded
from direct sunlight and the presence of canopy trees act as a shade which leads to less penetration
of light into the space.

ii. RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)

The graph show the percentage of relative humidity against time at Pusat Kerjaya UTM on day 1, 10
November 2018. Based on the graph, it show that there is a sudden decrease on the humidity
between 10.30 am until 12.30 pm. Then the humidity increase consistently from 12.30 pm until 4.40
pm. The highest reading that is recorded on that day at 10.30 pm which is 80.7% while the lowest is
at 12.30 pm which is 68.0%. The humidity is influence by the weather on that day which was hot in the
morning while it was raining in the afternoon.

iii. TEMPERATURE ©

Based on the graph, the temperature of the room in Pusat Kerjaya UTM during the first day, 10
November 2018, shows a increase and decrease of temperature on that day, This is due to the sunny
day in the morning and a heavy rain in the afternoon. The highest temperature that is recorded on that
day was at 12.30 pm which was 30.9 C while the lowest was at 4.40 pm which was 25.3 C.
 iv. WIND (m/s)

the graph shows a little movement of wind inside Pusat Kerjaya UTM during day 1, 10 November
2018. This is due to the small number of windows and the trees surrounding the building. Most of the
wind are been block by the trees nearby.

b. DAY 2 11/11/18

TIME LIGHT (lux) RH(%) TEMPERATURE(C) WIND(m/s) WEATHER

10.30 AM 214 78.7 28.9 0.01 GOOD

12.30 PM 175 82.3 26.0 0.1 GOOD

2.30 PM 135 79.4 27.2 0.1 RAINING

4.30 PM 125 82.8 26.2 0.1 RAINING

i. LIGHT (lux)
Based on spline graph, showed lux readings of light in Bangunan L51 on day 2, 12/11/2018 between
10.30 PM and 4.30 PM . The lux reading fall gradually from 214 to 175 on 12.30pm . The lux reading
continues fall to 135 at 2.30pm then to 125 at 4.30pm . The decrease in lux reading probably affected
by the raining period where sunlight intensity is reduced

ii. RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)

Based on spline graph, showed humidity readings in Bangunan L51 on day 2, 12/11/2018 between
10.30 PM and 4.30 PM. the overall reading seems to fluctuate constantly at the peak of 82.8 and
lowest reading at 78.7. The rising pattern were affected by the weather where at 2.30pm till 4.30pm it
is raining period

iii. TEMPERATURE ©
Based on spline graph, showed temperature readings in Bangunan L51 on day 2, 12/11/2018
between 10.30 PM and 4.30 PM. at 10.30am it recorded the highest temperature at 28.9 degree and
steady decrese to 26.2 degree at 4.30pm.The raining weather reduced the temperature and causes
the graph to goes downward.

iv. WIND (m/s)

Based on spline graph, showed wind speed readings in Bangunan L51 on day 2, 12/11/2018 between
10.30 PM and 4.30 PM. the wind speed increases from 0.01(10.30am) to 0.1(12.30pm ) and remains
constants at 0.1 until 4.10pm . The wind speed around the building seems to be constant as it is
surrounded by many trees and manmade infrastructure .

c. DAY 3 12/11/18
 TIME LIGHT (lux) RH(%) TEMPERATURE(C) WIND(m/s) WEATHER

10.30 AM 277 77.4 28.8 0.01 GOOD

12.30 PM 295 76.2 28.0 0.01 GOOD

2.30 PM 158 76.3 29.0 0.01 GOOD

4.30 PM 184 75.3 28.7 0.01 GOOD

i. LIGHT (lux)

based on spline graph, showed lux readings of light in Bangunan L51 on day 3, 12/11/2018 between
10.30 PM and 4.30 PM. The graph shows dramatic decrease on lux reading for daylight exposure of
Bangunan L51 between 12.30 PM and 2.30 PM. The highest reading record is at 12.30 PM with a
reading 295 lux. The reading then fall to 158 lux during the subsequent 2 hours before increase to 184
lux from 2.30 PM until 4.30 PM. The lux reading is constantly changing as the building always get
direct sunlight even though it has trees and roof as buffer and shading devices.

ii. RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)

The graph illustrates the percentage of relative humidity against time at Bangunan L51 on day 3,
12/11/2018. Based on the graph, there is a downward pattern on the percentage of relative humidity
between 10.30 PM and 12.30 PM and the reading drop from 77.4% to 76.2%. The readings increase
after 2 hours to 76.3% and decrease 1% at 4.30 PM from 76.3% to 75.3%. The relative humidity
increase subsequently as the temperature rise due to the condition of the cloudy weather during the
last several hours.

iii. TEMPERATURE (C)

Based on the spline graph, the temperature of the Building L51 during the 3 day, 12/11/2018, shows a
relatively constant level with a margin of only 0.01 C within 10.30 PM and 4.30 PM, and the highest
reading of the day is recorded which is 29.0 C. This happen because the building get more direct
direct sunlight between 12.30 PM and 2.30 PM. The temperature decrease 0.3 C at the last to 2 hours
from 2.30 PM to 4.30 PM.

iv. WIND (m/s)

the graph illustrates there are constant reading of wind inside the Bangunan L51 during day 3,
12/11/2018. This is due to the condition of the space which is enclosed by wall and the orientation of
the building. It is also because the building used air-conditioning and close all the openings and cause
less wind entering into the building.
6. DESIGN ELEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

1. Overhang roof

Diagram : overhang of roof Diagram : illustration of sun shading

The most distinct design element can be seen is the use horizontal plane in roof that act as
overhang.Roof overhangs have several important functions: they can protect exterior doors,
windows, and siding from rain; they can shade windows when solar heat gain is undesirable;
and they can help keep basements and crawl spaces dry.In this application it creates a
adjacent space before entering indoor . this allowed the transition of temperature , humidity
between the outdoor and outdoor environment .

2. Fenestration and curtain

Diagram : fenestration of building Diagram : illustration of sun penetration

In architecture, fenestration refers to the openings in a building's facade, most notably the
doors and windows. Basically, they are anything that allows for passage from outside to
insideThe use of fenestration and curtain in UTM CC probably use to control the amount of
natural lighting entering the building .Besides, when its open it allow natural ventilation in the
room of the building .Note : due to its airconditioned indoor enviroment , the window and
curtain rarely open .
Material

Brick

Diagram : side elevation of walls Diagram: Function of wall

The main construction material used is conventional brick wall . Brick and concrete block are the
most common types of masonry in use in industrialized nations and may be either weight-bearing
or a veneer. Concrete blocks, especially those with hollow cores, offer various possibilities in
masonry construction.Filling some or all of the cores with concrete or concrete with steel
reinforcement (typically rebar) offers much greater tensile and lateral strength to structures.UTM
CC typically constructed with 4 sided brick wall with window and ventilation fans . this stretch of
wall exposed directly to sunlight might convert lights to heat and penetrate into the building thus
rises the indoor temperature .

Clay roof

Diagram : clay tile roof Diagram : How heat disperse on roof

First of all, aside from its appearance, this type of roofing material is prized for its longevity. The
tiles won’t rot, and they are resistant to fire and insect damage. Plus, they stand up to heavy
rains, freeze/thaw cycles and other extreme weather. Clay roof tiles can last for many decades,
much longer than many other roofing materials. And they require little maintenance to remain in
good condition. This material has proven its ability to endure the test of time. Clay products
thousands of years old are routinely found at archeological sites.
Dry wall
 Diagram :Drywall separation spaces Diagram : framework for drywall

Drywall (also known as plasterboard, wallboard, sheetrock, gypsum board, or gypsum panel) is a
panel made of calcium sulphate dihydrate (gypsum), with or without additives, typically extruded
between thick sheets of facer and backerpaper , used in the construction of interior walls and
ceilings.The plaster is mixed with fiber (typically paper , fiberglass, asbestos, or a combination of
these materials), plastizer , foaming agent , and various additives that can reduce water absorption.

Reference

Every House Needs Roof Overhangs. (2018, August 10). Retrieved from
https://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/article/every-house-needs-roof-overhangs

Brown, J. (2009, June 01). What is the difference between drywall and plaster? Retrieved
from https://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/home-diy/projects/drywall-vs-
plaster2.html

(n.d.). Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-fenestration-definition-

architecture-lesson.html

9 different types of roofing materials. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.nationwide.com/types-of-roofing.jsp